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Kinematic variables and feature engineering for particle phenomenology

Roberto Franceschini ^*, Doojin Kim^†, Kyoungchul Kong ^‡, Konstantin T. Matchev ^§, Myeonghun Park^∥, and Prasanth Shyamsundar^¶

Roberto Franceschini ^*

Università degli Studi Roma Tre and INFN Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, I-00146 Roma, Italy

Doojin Kim^†

Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA

Kyoungchul Kong ^‡

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA

Konstantin T. Matchev ^§

Institute for Fundamental Theory, Physics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA

Myeonghun Park^∥

School of Natural Sciences, Seoultech, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Korea and School of Physics, KIAS, Seoul 02455, Korea

Prasanth Shyamsundar^¶

Fermilab Quantum Institute, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA

^*roberto.franceschini@uniroma3.it
^†doojin.kim@tamu.edu
^‡kckong@ku.edu
^§matchev@ufl.edu
^∥parc.seoultech@seoultech.ac.kr
^¶prasanth@fnal.gov

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 045004 – Published 21 November, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.95.045004

Abstract

Kinematic variables play an important role in collider phenomenology, as they expedite discoveries of new particles by separating signal events from unwanted background events and allow for measurements of particle properties such as masses, couplings, and spins. For the past ten years, an enormous number of kinematic variables have been designed and proposed, primarily for the experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, allowing for a drastic reduction of high-dimensional experimental data to lower-dimensional observables, from which one can readily extract underlying features of phase space and develop better-optimized data-analysis strategies. Recent developments in the area of phase-space kinematics are reviewd, and new kinematic variables with important phenomenological implications and physics applications are summarized. Recently proposed analysis methods and techniques specifically designed to leverage new kinematic variables are also reviewed. As machine learning is currently percolating through many fields of particle physics, including collider phenomenology, the interconnection and mutual complementarity of kinematic variables and machine-learning techniques are discussed. Finally, the manner in which utilization of kinematic variables originally developed for colliders can be extended to other high-energy physics experiments, including neutrino experiments, is discussed.

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Kinematic variables and feature engineering for particle phenomenology

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