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Colloquium: Gravitational form factors of the proton

V. D. Burkert*, L. Elouadrhiri, F. X. Girod, C. Lorcé, P. Schweitzer, and P. E. Shanahan

V. D. Burkert*

  • Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia, USA

L. Elouadrhiri

  • Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia, USA and Center of Nuclear Femtography, Newport News, Virginia, USA

F. X. Girod

  • Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia, USA

C. Lorcé

  • CPHT, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France

P. Schweitzer

  • Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA

P. E. Shanahan

  • Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

  • *Corresponding author: burkert@jlab.org
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Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 041002 – Published 22 December, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.95.041002

Abstract

The physics of the gravitational form factors of the proton, as well as their understanding within quantum chromodynamics, has advanced significantly in the past two decades through both theory and experiment. This Colloquium provides an overview of this progress, highlights the physical insights unveiled by studies of gravitational form factors, and reviews their interpretation in terms of the mechanical properties of the proton.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 041002– Published 22 December, 2023
  • Received 21 January 2023
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