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Weak gravity conjecture

Daniel Harlow*, Ben Heidenreich†, Matthew Reece‡, and Tom Rudelius§

Daniel Harlow*

  • Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

Ben Heidenreich†

  • Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA

Matthew Reece‡

  • Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA

Tom Rudelius§

  • Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

  • *harlow@mit.edu
  • †bheidenreich@umass.edu
  • ‡mreece@g.harvard.edu
  • §rudelius@berkeley.edu
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Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 035003 – Published 6 September, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.95.035003

Abstract

The weak gravity conjecture holds that in a theory of quantum gravity any gauge force must mediate interactions stronger than gravity for some particles. This statement has surprisingly deep and extensive connections to many different areas of physics and mathematics. Several variations on the basic conjecture have been proposed, including statements that are much stronger but are nonetheless satisfied by all known consistent quantum gravity theories. These related conjectures and the evidence for their validity in the string theory landscape are reviewed. Also reviewed are a variety of arguments for these conjectures, which tend to fall into two categories: qualitative arguments that claim the conjecture is plausible based on general principles and quantitative arguments for various special cases or analogs of the conjecture. The implications of these conjectures for particle physics, cosmology, general relativity, and mathematics are also outlined. Finally, important directions for future research are highlighted.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 035003– Published 6 September, 2023
  • Received 20 January 2022
Article part of CHORUS
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