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Neutrinoless double-electron capture

K. Blaum , S. Eliseev, F. A. Danevich , V. I. Tretyak , Sergey Kovalenko, M. I. Krivoruchenko , Yu. N. Novikov, and J. Suhonen

K. Blaum and S. Eliseev

Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany

F. A. Danevich and V. I. Tretyak

Institute for Nuclear Research of NASU, Prospekt Nauky 47, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine

Sergey Kovalenko

Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sazié 2212, Santiago 8320000, Chile

M. I. Krivoruchenko

Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, B. Cheremushkinskaya 25, 117218 Moscow, Russia and National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Ploschad’ Akademika Kurchatova 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia

Yu. N. Novikov

Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Gatchina, 188300 St. Petersburg, Russia and Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia

J. Suhonen

Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, Jyvaskyla FI-40014, Finland

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 92, 045007 – Published 16 December, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.92.045007

Abstract

Double-beta processes play a key role in the exploration of neutrino and weak interaction properties, and in the searches for effects beyond the standard model. During the last half century many attempts were undertaken to search for double-beta decay with emission of two electrons, especially for its neutrinoless mode $0 ν 2 β^{-}$ , the latter having still not been observed. Double-electron capture (2EC) was not yet in focus because of its in general lower transition probability. However, the rate of neutrinoless double-electron capture $0 ν 2 EC$ can experience a resonance enhancement by many orders of magnitude when the initial and final states are energetically degenerate. In the resonant case, the sensitivity of the $0 ν 2 EC$ process can approach the sensitivity of the $0 ν 2 β^{-}$ decay in the search for the Majorana mass of neutrinos, right-handed currents, and other new physics. An overview of the main experimental and theoretical results obtained during the last decade in this field is presented. The experimental part outlines search results of 2EC processes and measurements of the decay energies for possible resonant $0 ν 2 EC$ transitions. An unprecedented precision in the determination of decay energies with Penning traps has allowed one to refine the values of the degeneracy parameter for all previously known near-resonant decays and has reduced the rather large uncertainties in the estimate of the $0 ν 2 EC$ half-lives. The theoretical part contains an updated analysis of the electron shell effects and an overview of the nuclear-structure models, in which the nuclear matrix elements of the $0 ν 2 EC$ decays are calculated. One can conclude that the decay probability of $0 ν 2 EC$ can experience a significant enhancement in several nuclides.

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Neutrinoless double-electron capture

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