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Antiferroelectric liquid crystals: Interplay of simplicity and complexity

Hideo Takezoe*, Ewa Gorecka†, and Mojca Čepič‡

Hideo Takezoe*

  • Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan

Ewa Gorecka†

  • Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Al. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland

Mojca Čepič‡

  • Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva pl 16, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

  • *takezoe.h.aa@m.titech.ac.jp
  • †gorecka@chem.uw.edu.pl
  • ‡mojca.cepic@ijs.si
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Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 897 – Published 23 March, 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.897

Abstract

This paper reviews nearly 20years of research related to antiferroelectric liquid crystals and gives a short overview of possible applications. “Antiferroelectric liquid crystals” is the common name for smectic liquid crystals formed of chiral elongated molecules that exhibit a number of smectic (Sm) tilted structures with variation of the strong-tilt azimuthal direction from layer to layer (i.e., nonsynclinic structures). The phases have varying crystallographic unit periodicity from a few (SmCα*), four (SmCFI2*), three (SmCFI1*), and two (SmCA*) smectic layers and all of the phases possess liquidlike order inside the layer. The review describes the discovery of these phases and various methods used for their identification and to determine their structures and their properties. A theoretical description of these systems is also given; one of the models—the discrete phenomenological model—of antiferroelectric liquid crystals is discussed in detail as this model allows for an explanation of phase structures and observed phase sequences under changes of temperature or external fields that is most consistent with experimental results.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 897– Published 23 March, 2010

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