- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Colloquium: Electronic instabilities in self-assembled atom wires

Paul C. Snijders* and Hanno H. Weitering

Paul C. Snijders*

  • Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA

Hanno H. Weitering

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA and Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA

  • *snijderspc@ornl.gov
PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 307 – Published 12 February, 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.307

Abstract

Many quasi-one-dimensional (1D) materials are experimental approximations to the textbook models of Peierls instabilities and collective excitations in 1D electronic systems. The recently observed self-assembly of atom wires on solid surfaces has provided fascinating new insights into the nature of their structural and electronic instabilities, from both real-space and momentum-space perspectives. In this Colloquium, three of the most studied atom wire arrays are highlighted, all featuring multiple surface-state bands. One of these is made of indium atoms on a flat silicon (111) surface, while the two others consist of gold atoms on surfaces that are vicinal to Si(111). The experimental and theoretical results are discussed with a focus on the detailed mechanisms of the observed phase transitions and on the role of microscopic defects.

View figure in article

Article Text

References (117)

  1. Abukawa, T., M. Sasaki, F. Hisamatsu, T. Goto, T. Kinoshita, A. Kakizaki, and S. Kono, 1995, Surf. Sci. 325, 33.
  2. Ahn, J. R., J. H. Byun, J. K. Kim, and H. W. Yeom, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 75, 033313.
  3. Ahn, J. R., J. H. Byun, H. Koh, E. Rotenberg, S. D. Kevan, and H. W. Yeom, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 106401.
  4. Ahn, J. R., P. G. Kang, K. D. Ryang, and H. W. Yeom, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 196402.
  5. Ahn, J. R., H. W. Yeom, E. S. Cho, and C. Y. Park, 2004, Phys. Rev. B 69, 233311.
  6. Ahn, J. R., H. W. Yeom, H. S. Yoon, and I.-W. Lyo, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 196403.
  7. Altmann, K. N., J. N. Crain, A. Kirakosian, J.-L. Lin, D. Y. Petrovykh, F. J. Himpsel, and R. Losio, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 64, 035406.
  8. Aruga, T., 2002, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter14, 8393.
  9. Aruga, T., 2006, Surf. Sci. Rep. 61, 283.
  10. Avila, J., A. Mascaraque, E. G. Michel, M. C. Asensio, G. LeLay, J. Ortega, R. Perez, and F. Flores, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 442.
  11. Bardeen, J., L. N. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer, 1957, Phys. Rev. 108, 1175.
  12. Barke, I., F. Zheng, T. K. Rügheimer, and F. J. Himpsel, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 226405.
  13. Bunk, O., G. Falkenberg, J. H. Zeysing, L. Lottermoser, R. L. Johnson, M. Nielsen, F. Berg-Rasmussen, J. Baker, and R. Feidenhans’l, 1999, Phys. Rev. B 59, 12228.
  14. Cappelluti, E., C. Grimaldi, and F. Marsiglio, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 76, 085334.
  15. Cho, J. H., and J. Y. Lee, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 76, 033405.
  16. Cho, J. H., J. Y. Lee, and L. Kleinman, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 71, 081310(R).
  17. Cho, J. H., D. H. Oh, K. S. Kim, and L. Kleinman, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 64, 235302.
  18. Chuang, F.-C., C.-H. Hsu, C.-Z. Wang, and K.-M. Ho, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 77, 153409.
  19. Crain, J. N., and F. J. Himpsel, 2006, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 82, 431.
  20. Crain, J. N., A. Kirakosian, K. N. Altmann, C. Bromberger, S. C. Erwin, J. L. McChesney, J.-L. Lin, and F. J. Himpsel, 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 176805.
  21. Crain, J. N., J. L. McChesney, F. Zheng, M. C. Gallagher, P. C. Snijders, M. Bissen, C. Gundelach, S. C. Erwin, and F. J. Himpsel, 2004, Phys. Rev. B 69, 125401.
  22. Crain, J. N., and D. T. Pierce, 2005, Science 307, 703.
  23. Crain, J. N., M. D. Stiles, J. A. Stroscio, and D. T. Pierce, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 156801.
  24. Erwin, S. C., 2003, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 206101.
  25. Erwin, S. C., and H. H. Weitering, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2296.
  26. Gallus, O., T. Pillo, M. Hengsberger, P. Segovia, and Y. Baer, 2001, Eur. Phys. J.: Appl. Phys. 20, 313.
  27. Ghose, S. K., I. K. Robinson, P. A. Bennett, and F. J. Himpsel, 2005, Surf. Sci. 581, 199.
  28. González, C., F. Flores, and J. Ortega, 2006a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 189702.
  29. González, C., F. Flores, and J. Ortega, 2006b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 136101.
  30. González, C., J. D. Guo, J. Ortega, F. Flores, and H. H. Weitering, 2009, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 115501.
  31. González, C., J. Ortega, and F. Flores, 2005, New J. Phys. 7, 100.
  32. Grüner, G., 1988, Rev. Mod. Phys. 60, 1129.
  33. Grüner, G., 1994, Density Waves in Solids (Perseus, Cambridge, MA).
  34. Grüner, G., and A. Zettl, 1985, Phys. Rep. 119, 117.
  35. Guo, J., G. Lee, and E. W. Plummer, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 046102.
  36. Gurlu, O., O. A. O. Adam, H. J. W. Zandvliet, and B. Poelsema, 2003, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4610.
  37. Hamers, R. J., R. M. Tromp, and J. E. Demuth, 1986, Phys. Rev. B 34, 5343.
  38. Hill, I. G., and A. B. McLean, 1999, Phys. Rev. B 59, 9791.
  39. Hwang, C. G., N. D. Kim, S. Y. Shin, and J. W. Chung, 2007, New J. Phys. 9, 249.
  40. Jałochowski, M., M. Stróżak, and R. Zdyb, 1997, Surf. Sci. 375, 203.
  41. Johannes, M. D., and I. I. Mazin, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 77, 165135.
  42. Kim, K. S., H. Morikawa, W. H. Choi, and H. W. Yeom, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 196804.
  43. Kirakosian, A., J. N. Crain, J.-L. Lin, J. L. McChesney, D. Y. Petrovykh, F. J. Himpsel, and R. Bennewitz, 2003, Surf. Sci. 532, 928.
  44. Kraft, J., M. G. Ramsey, and F. P. Netzer, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 55, 5384.
  45. Krawiec, M., T. Kwapiński, and M. Jałochowski, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 73, 075415.
  46. Kumpf, C., O. Bunk, J. H. Zeysing, Y. Su, M. Nielsen, R. L. Johnson, R. Feidenhans’l, and K. Bechgaard, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4916.
  47. Kuper, C. G., 1955, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 227, 214.
  48. Lander, J. J., and J. Morrison, 1965, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1706.
  49. LaShell, S., B. A. McDougall, and E. Jensen, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3419.
  50. Lee, G., 2006, Surf. Interface Anal. 38, 1636.
  51. Lee, G., J. D. Guo, and E. W. Plummer, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 116103.
  52. Lee, G., S.-Y. Yu, H. Kim, and J.-Y. Koo, 2004, Phys. Rev. B 70, 121304(R).
  53. Lee, G., S. Y. Yu, H. Kim, J. Y. Koo, H. I. Lee, and D. W. Moon, 2003, Phys. Rev. B 67, 035327.
  54. Lee, P. A., T. M. Rice, and P. W. Anderson, 1973, Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 462.
  55. Lipton-Duffin, J. A., J. M. MacLeod, and A. B. McLean, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 73, 245418.
  56. Liu, C., T. Inaoka, S. Yaginuma, T. Nakayama, M. Aono, and T. Nagao, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 77, 205415.
  57. López-Lozano, X., A. Krivosheeva, A. A. Stekolnikov, L. Meza-Montes, C. Noguez, J. Furthmüller, and F. Bechstedt, 2006, Phys. Rev. B 73, 035430.
  58. Losio, R., K. N. Altmann, A. Kirakosian, J.-L. Lin, D. Y. Petrovykh, and F. J. Himpsel, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4632.
  59. Marin, F. P., and H. Suhl, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 442.
  60. McChesney, J. L., J. N. Crain, V. Pérez-Dieste, F. Zheng, M. C. Gallagher, M. Bissen, C. Gundelach, and F. J. Himpsel, 2004, Phys. Rev. B 70, 195430.
  61. McMillan, W. L., 1975, Phys. Rev. B 12, 1187.
  62. Melechko, A. V., J. Braun, H. H. Weitering, and E. W. Plummer, 2000, Phys. Rev. B 61, 2235.
  63. Mermin, N. D., and H. Wagner, 1966, Phys. Rev. Lett. 17, 1133.
  64. Mizuno, S., Y. O. Mizuno, and H. Tochihara, 2003, Phys. Rev. B 67, 195410.
  65. Nagao, T., S. Yaginuma, T. Inaoka, and T. Sakurai, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 116802.
  66. Nogami, J., S. I. Park, and C. F. Quate, 1987, Phys. Rev. B 36, 6221.
  67. Nogami, J., S. I. Park, and C. F. Quate, 1988, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 6, 1479.
  68. Okino, H., R. Hobara, I. Matsuda, T. Kanagawa, S. Hasegawa, J. Okabayashi, S. Toyoda, M. Oshima, and K. Ono, 2004, Phys. Rev. B 70, 113404.
  69. Okino, H., I. Matsuda, S. Yamazaki, R. Hobara, and S. Hasegawa, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 76, 035424.
  70. O’Mahony, J. D., J. F. McGilp, C. F. J. Flipse, P. Weightman, and F. M. Leibsle, 1994, Phys. Rev. B 49, 2527.
  71. Oncel, N., A. van Houselt, J. Huijben, A. S. Hallbäck, O. Gurlu, H. J. W. Zandvliet, and B. Poelsema, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 116801.
  72. Park, S. J., H. W. Yeom, J. R. Ahn, and I.-W. Lyo, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 126102.
  73. Park, S. J., H. W. Yeom, S. H. Min, D. H. Park, and I.-W. Lyo, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 106402.
  74. Peierls, R. F., 1955, Quantum Theory of Solids (Clarendon, Oxford).
  75. Pérez, R., J. Ortega, and F. Flores, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4891.
  76. Psaltakis, G. S., 1985, J. Phys. C 18, 2261.
  77. Ren, C.-Y., S.-F. Tsay, and F.-C. Chuang, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 76, 075414.
  78. Riikonen, S., and D. Sánchez-Portal, 2005a, Phys. Rev. B 71, 235423.
  79. Riikonen, S., and D. Sánchez-Portal, 2005b, Nanotechnology 16, S218.
  80. Riikonen, S., and D. Sánchez-Portal, 2006, Surf. Sci. 600, 1201.
  81. Riikonen, S., and D. Sánchez-Portal, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 76, 035410.
  82. Riikonen, S., and D. Sánchez-Portal, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 77, 165418.
  83. Robinson, I. K., P. A. Bennett, and F. J. Himpsel, 2002, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 096104.
  84. Ryang, K.-D., P. G. Kang, H. W. Yeom, and S. Jeong, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 76, 205325.
  85. Sakamoto, K., H. Ashima, H. W. Yeom, and W. Uchida, 2000, Phys. Rev. B 62, 9923.
  86. Sánchez-Portal, D., S. Riikonen, and R. M. Martin, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 146803.
  87. Sauter, M., R. Hoffmann, C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, 2007, Phys. Rev. B 75, 195436.
  88. Schäfer, J., C. Blumenstein, S. Meyer, M. Wisniewski, and R. Claessen, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 236802.
  89. Schöck, M., C. Sürgers, and H. v. Löhneysen, 2003, Thin Solid Films 428, 11.
  90. Schrieffer, J. R., 1973, Nobel Symposium 24 (Academic, New York).
  91. Segovia, P., D. Purdie, M. Hengsberger, and Y. Baer, 1999, Nature (London) 402, 504.
  92. Snijders, P. C., 2006, Ph.D. thesis (Delft University of Technology).
  93. Snijders, P. C., S. Rogge, C. Gonzalez, R. Perez, J. Ortega, F. Flores, and H. H. Weitering, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 72, 125343.
  94. Snijders, P. C., S. Rogge, and H. H. Weitering, 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 076801.
  95. Starowicz, P., O. Gallus, T. Pillo, and Y. Baer, 2002, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 256402.
  96. Stekolnikov, A. A., K. Seino, F. Bechstedt, S. Wippermann, W. G. Schmidt, A. Calzolari, and M. Buongiorno Nardelli, 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 026105.
  97. Stevens, J. L., M. S. Worthington, and I. S. T. Tsong, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 47, 1453.
  98. Sun, Y. J., S. Agario, S. Souma, K. Sugawara, Y. Tago, T. Sato, and T. Takahashi, 2008, Phys. Rev. B 77, 125115.
  99. Tanikawa, T., I. Matsuda, T. Kanagawa, and S. Hasegawa, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 016801.
  100. Tegenkamp, C., Z. Kallassy, H. Pfnür, H.-L. Günter, V. Zielasek, and M. Henzler, 2005, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 176804.
  101. Tegenkamp, C., T. Ohta, J. L. McChesney, H. Dil, E. Rotenberg, H. Pfnür, and K. Horn, 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 076802.
  102. Tsay, S. F., 2005, Phys. Rev. B 71, 035207.
  103. Uchihashi, T., and U. Ramsperger, 2002, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 4169.
  104. Voit, J., 1995, Rep. Prog. Phys. 58, 977.
  105. Wang, J., H. S. Wu, R. So, Y. Liu, M. H. Xie, and S. Y. Tong, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 72, 245324.
  106. Wang, S. C., W. C. Lu, W. G. Schmidt, and J. Bernholc, 2003, Phys. Rev. B 68, 035329.
  107. Weitering, H. H., J. M. Carpinelli, A. V. Melechko, J. Zhang, M. Bartkowiak, and E. W. Plummer, 1999, Science 285, 5436.
  108. Wiekliem, P. C., G. W. Smith, and E. A. Carter, 1990, Surf. Sci. 232, L219.
  109. Yagi, Y., H. Kaji, K. Kakitani, and S. Osanaga, 2008, C. R. Acad. Sci. URSS, Ser. A 100, 072039.
  110. Yagi, Y., and A. Yoshimori, 2005, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74, 831.
  111. Yagi, Y., A. Yoshimori, K. Kakitani, and H. Kaji, 2007, Surf. Sci. 601, 1642.
  112. Yeom, H. W., 2006, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 189701.
  113. Yeom, H. W., J. R. Ahn, H. S. Yoon, I.-W. Lyo, H. Jeong, and S. Jeong, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 72, 035323.
  114. Yeom, H. W., K. Horikoshi, H. M. Zhang, K. Ono, and R. I. G. Uhrberg, 2002, Phys. Rev. B 65, 241307(R).
  115. Yeom, H. W., S. Takeda, E. Rotenberg, I. Matsuda, K. Horikoshi, J. Schaefer, C. M. Lee, S. D. Kevan, T. Ohta, T. Nagao, and S. Hasegawa, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4898.
  116. Yoon, H. S., J. E. Lee, S. J. Park, I.-W. Lyo, and M.-H. Kang, 2005, Phys. Rev. B 72, 155443.
  117. Yoon, H. S., S. J. Park, J. E. Lee, C. N. Whang, and I.-W. Lyo, 2004, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 096801.

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 307– Published 12 February, 2010

    © 2010 American Physical Society

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation