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Quantum phase transitions in the shapes of atomic nuclei

Pavel Cejnar, Jan Jolie, and Richard F. Casten

Pavel Cejnar

  • Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic

Jan Jolie

  • Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Cologne, Germany

Richard F. Casten

  • Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2155 – Published 5 August, 2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.82.2155

Abstract

Signatures of criticality in the evolution of the nuclear ground-state shapes across the N×Z plane are discussed. Attention is paid to specific data indicating sudden structural changes in various isotopic and isotonic chains of medium-mass and heavy even-even nuclei, as well as to diverse theoretical aspects of the models used to describe these changes. The interacting boson model and the geometric collective model, in particular, are discussed in detail, the former providing global predictions for the evolution of collective observables in nuclei between closed shells and the latter yielding a parameter-efficient description of nuclei at the critical points of shape transitions. Some issues related to the mechanism of first- and second-order quantum phase transitions in general many-body systems are also outlined.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2155– Published 5 August, 2010

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