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Colloquium: The spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid

Gregory A. Fiete*

Gregory A. Fiete*

  • Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, MC 114-36, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA

  • *Electronic address: fiete@caltech.edu
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Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 801 – Published 13 July, 2007

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.79.801

Abstract

In contrast to the well-known Fermi-liquid theory of three dimensions, interacting one-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional systems of fermions are described at low energy by an effective theory known as Luttinger liquid theory. This theory is expressed in terms of collective many-body excitations that show exotic behavior such as spin-charge separation. Luttinger liquid theory is commonly applied on the premise that “low energy” describes both the spin and charge sectors. However, when the interactions in the system are very strong, as they typically are at low particle densities, the ratio of spin to charge energy may become exponentially small. It is then possible at very low temperatures for the single-spin excitation energy to be low compared to the characteristic single excitation charge energy, but still high compared to the characteristic spin energy. This energy window of near ground-state charge degrees of freedom but highly thermally excited spin degrees of freedom is called a spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid. The spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid exhibits a higher degree of universality than the Luttinger liquid and its properties are qualitatively distinct. In this Colloquium some recent theoretical developments in the field are detailed and experimental indications of such a regime in gated semiconductor quantum wires are described.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 801– Published 13 July, 2007

    © 2007 American Physical Society

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