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Production of cold molecules via magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances

Thorsten Köhler, Krzysztof Góral, and Paul S. Julienne

Thorsten Köhler and Krzysztof Góral

  • Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom

Paul S. Julienne

  • Atomic Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8423, USA

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 1311 – Published 1 December, 2006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.78.1311

Abstract

Magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances were employed to associate cold diatomic molecules in a series of experiments involving both atomic Bose and two-spin-component Fermi gases. This review illustrates theoretical concepts of both the particular nature of the highly excited Feshbach molecules produced and the techniques for their association from unbound atom pairs. Coupled-channels theory provides a rigorous formulation of the microscopic physics of Feshbach resonances in cold gases. Concepts of dressed versus bare energy states, universal properties of Feshbach molecules, and the classification in terms of entrance- and closed-channel-dominated resonances are introduced on the basis of practical two-channel approaches. Their significance is illustrated for several experimental observations, such as binding energies and lifetimes with respect to collisional relaxation. Molecular association and dissociation are discussed in the context of techniques involving linear magnetic-field sweeps in cold Bose and Fermi gases and pulse sequences leading to Ramsey-type interference fringes. Their descriptions in terms of Landau-Zener, two-level mean-field, as well as beyond mean-field approaches are reviewed in detail, including the associated ranges of validity.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 1311– Published 1 December, 2006

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