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The current-phase relation in Josephson junctions

A. A. Golubov*, M. Yu. Kupriyanov†, and E. Il’ichev‡

A. A. Golubov*

  • Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands

M. Yu. Kupriyanov†

  • Nuclear Physics Institute, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia

E. Il’ichev‡

  • Department of Cryoelectronics, Institute of Physical High Technology, D-07702 Jena, Germany

  • *Electronic address: A.Golubov@tn.utwente.nl
  • †Electronic address: mkupr@pn.sinp.msu.ru
  • ‡Electronic address: ilichev@ipht-jena.de
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Rev. Mod. Phys. 76, 411 – Published 26 April, 2004

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.76.411

Abstract

This review provides a theoretical basis for understanding the current-phase relation (CΦR) for the stationary (dc) Josephson effect in various types of superconducting junctions. The authors summarize recent theoretical developments with an emphasis on the fundamental physical mechanisms of the deviations of the CΦR from the standard sinusoidal form. A new experimental tool for measuring the CΦR is described and its practical applications are discussed. The method allows one to measure the electrical currents in Josephson junctions with a small coupling energy as compared to the thermal energy. A number of examples illustrate the importance of the CΦR measurements for both fundamental physics and applications.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 76, 411– Published 26 April, 2004

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