- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

X-ray transition energies: new approach to a comprehensive evaluation

Richard D. Deslattes*, Ernest G. Kessler, Jr., P. Indelicato†, L. de Billy, E. Lindroth, and J. Anton

Richard D. Deslattes* and Ernest G. Kessler, Jr.

  • Atomic Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899

P. Indelicato† and L. de Billy

  • Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, École Normale Supérieure et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Case 74, 4 place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France

E. Lindroth and J. Anton

  • Department of Atomic Physics, Fysikum, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

  • *Deceased.
  • †Electronic address: paul.indelicato@spectro.jussieu.fr; URL: http:dirac.spectro.jussieu.fr
PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 35 – Published 7 January, 2003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.75.35

Abstract

The authors combine modern theoretical calculations with evaluated selected experimental data to produce a comprehensive data resource of K- and L-x-ray transition and absorption edge energies for all of the elements from neon to fermium. The theoretical and experimental components of this work are the result of programs of parallel development extending over more than 20 years. At each of several progressively more refined comparisons, it was possible to identify theoretical components whose systematic improvement then led to the next level of refinement in comparisons with an increasingly robust experimental reference data set. We have now reached a certain practical limit in what can be undertaken with reasonable levels of theoretical effort. This limit is not very different from the practical level of accuracy that can be meaningfully associated with the experimental data. For the more prominent diagram lines, experiment and theory are concordant with a zero-centered distribution of residuals whose statistical metrics allow the uncertainties to be estimated. For the light elements (Z<20) and the very heavy elements (Z>90) there are significant difficulties, as is also the case for a few isolated elements and transitions for 20<Z<90. Overall, the results reported here represent improvements over previously available data compilations not only because of their scope but also because of their attempt to offer internal metrics of the database accuracy. The identified regions of difficulty are areas where further experimental work may be directed to see if there may remain theoretical issues that are still unresolved.

View figure in article

References (171)

  1. Ahmad, I., H. Diamond, J. Milsted, J. Lerner, and R. K. Sjoblom, 1973, Nucl. Phys. A 208, 287.
  2. Ahmad, I., F. T. Porter, M. S. Freedman, R. F. Barnes, R. K. Sjoblom, F. Wagner, Jr., J. Milsted, and P. R. Fields, 1971, Phys. Rev. C 3, 390.
  3. Allen, P. G., J. J. Bucher, D. K. Shuh, N. M. Edelstein, and I. Craig, 2000, Inorg. Chem. 39, 595.
  4. Anagnostopoulos, D., D. Gotta, P. Indelicato, and L. Simons, 2002, unpublished.
  5. Andreev, O. Yu., L. N. Labzowsky, G. Plunien, and G. Soff, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 64, 042513.
  6. Anton, J., E. Lindroth, and P. Indelicato, 2003, n=4 binding energies, unpublished.
  7. Arndt, U. W., 1992, in International Tables for X-ray Crystallography, edited by A. J. C. Wilson (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht), Vol. C, pp. 176–182.
  8. Arp, U., 1995, private communication.
  9. Arp, U., F. Federmann, E. Källne, B. Sonntag, and S. L. Sorensen, 1992, J. Phys. B 25, 3747.
  10. Arp, U., K. Iemura, G. Kutluk, M. Meyer, T. Nagata, M. Sacchi, B. Sonntag, S. Yagi, and A. Yagishita, 1994, J. Phys. B 27, 3389.
  11. Arp, U., K. Iemura, G. Kutluk, T. Nagata, S. Yagi, and A. Yagishita, 1995, J. Phys. B 28, 225.
  12. Arp, U., B. M. Lagutin, G. Materlik, I. D. Petrov, B. Sonntag, and V. L. Sukhorukov, 1993, J. Phys. B 26, 4381.
  13. Arp, U., G. Materlik, M. Richter, and B. Sonnatag, 1990, J. Phys. B 23, L811.
  14. Åsén, B., S. Salomonson, and I. Lindgren, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 65, 032516.
  15. Barreau, G., H. G. Börner, T. von Egidy, and R. W. Hoff, 1982, Z. Phys. A 308, 209.
  16. Basile, G., A. Bergamin, G. Cavagnero, G. Mana, E. Vittone, and G. Zosi, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3133.
  17. Basile, G., A. Bergamin, G. Cavagnero, G. Mana, E. Vittone, and G. Zosi, 1995, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 44, 526.
  18. Bearden, A. J., 1960, Phys. Rev. Lett. 4, 240.
  19. Bearden, J. A., 1965, Phys. Rev. 137, B455.
  20. Bearden, J. A., 1967, Rev. Mod. Phys. 39, 78.
  21. Bearden, J. A., and A. F. Burr, 1967, Rev. Mod. Phys. 39, 125.
  22. Bearden, J. A., A. Henins, J. G. Marzolf, W. C. Sauder, and J. S. Thomsen, 1964, Phys. Rev. A 135, 899.
  23. Bearden, J. A., J. S. Thomsen, A. F. Burr, F. Y. Yap, F. N. Huffman, A. Henins,, and G. D. Matthews, 1964, report.
  24. Becker, P., K. Dorenwendt, G. Ebeling, R. Lauer, W. Lucas, R. Probst, H.-J. Rademacher, G. Reim, P. Seyfried, and H. Siegert, 1981, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 1540.
  25. Becker, P., P. Seyfried, and H. Siegert, 1982, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 48, 17.
  26. Blundell, S. A., 1993a, Phys. Scr. T46, 144.
  27. Blundell, S. A., 1993b, Phys. Rev. A 47, 1790.
  28. Blundell, S. A., W. R. Johnson, and J. Sapirstein, 1990, Phys. Rev. A 42, 3751.
  29. Blundell, S. A., P. J. Mohr, W. R. Johnson, and J. Sapirstein, 1993, Phys. Rev. A 48, 2615.
  30. Bonse, U., and M. Hart, 1965, Appl. Phys. Lett. 6, 155.
  31. Borchert, G. L., 1976, Z. Naturforsch. A 31A, 102.
  32. Borchert, G. L., P. G. Hansen, B. Jonson, H. L. Ravn, and J. P. Desclaux, 1980, in Atomic Masses, and Fundamental Constants 6, edited by J. Nolen and W. Benenson (Plenum Press, New York), pp. 189–195.
  33. Burr, A. F., 1996, private communication.
  34. Cardona, M., and L. Ley, 1978, Topics in Applied Physics: Photoemission in Solids I (Springer-Verlag, New York), Vol. 26.
  35. Cauchois, Y., and H. Hulubei, 1947, Tables de constantes et donnees numeriques. I. Longueurs d’onde des emissions X et des discontinuites d’absorption X (Herman, Paris).
  36. Cauchois, Y., and C. Senemaud, 1978, Tables internationales de constantes selectionnées. 18. Longeurs d’onde des émissions X et des discontinuités d’absorption X (Pergamon Press, London).
  37. Chu, Y. Y., M. L. Perlman, P. F. Dittner, and C. E. Bemis, Jr., 1972, Phys. Rev. A 5, 67.
  38. Cohen, E. R., K. M. Crowe, and J. W. M. DuMond, 1957, The Fundamental Constants of Physics (Interscience Publishers, New York).
  39. Cohen, E. R., and B. N. Taylor, 1973, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 2, 663.
  40. Cohen, E. R., and B. N. Taylor, 1987, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1121.
  41. Den Auwer, C., 2001, private communication.
  42. Deodhar, G. B., and P. P. Varma, 1969a, J. Phys. B 2, 410.
  43. Deodhar, G. B., and P. P. Varma, 1969b, Physica A 43, 209.
  44. Deodhar, G. B., P. P. Varma, and R. B. Singh, 1968, J. Phys. B 1, 997.
  45. Deodhar, G. B., P. P. Varma, and R. B. Singh, 1969, Can. J. Phys. 47, 341.
  46. Desclaux, J. P., 1975, Comput. Phys. Commun. 9, 31.
  47. Desclaux, J. P., 1993, in Methods, and Techniques in Computational Chemistry, edited by E. Clementi, Vol. A: Small Systems of METTEC (STEF, Cagliary), p. 253.
  48. Deslattes, R. D., and A. Henins, 1973, Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 972.
  49. Deslattes, R. D., and E. G. Kessler, Jr., 1985, in Atomic Inner-Shell Physics, edited by B. Crasemann (Plenum, New York), pp. 181–235.
  50. Deslattes, R. D., E. G. Kessler, Jr., P. Indelicato, and E. Lindroth, 1998a, in Atomic, and Molecular Data, and Their Applications, edited by P. J. Mohr, and W. L. Wiese, AIP Conf. Proc. No. 434 (AIP, Woodbury, NY), pp. 89–103.
  51. Deslattes, R. D., E. G. Kessler, Jr., P. Indelicato, and E. Lindroth, 1998b, in International Tables for Crystallography, Vol. C, Mathematical, Physical, and Chemical Tables, edited by A. J. C. Wilson and E. Prince (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht), pp. 200–213.
  52. Deslattes, R. D., M. Tanaka, G. L. Greene, A. Henins, and E. G. Kessler, Jr., 1987, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. IM-36, 166.
  53. Dewey, M. S., E. G. Kessler, Jr., G. L. Greene, R. D. Deslattes, H. Börner, and J. Jolie, 1989, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 284, 151.
  54. Dittner, P. F., C. E. Bemis, Jr., D. C. Hensley, R. J. Silva, and C. D. Goodman, 1971, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 1037.
  55. Dittner, P. F., and C. E. Bemis, Jr., 1972, Phys. Rev. A 5, 481.
  56. Dyall, K. G., I. P. Grant, C. T. Johnson, F. A. Parpia, and E. P. Plummer, 1989, Comput. Phys. Commun. 55, 425.
  57. Freedman, M. S., I. Ahmad, F. T. Porter, R. K. Sjoblom, R. F. Barnes, J. Lerner, and P. R. Fields, 1977, Phys. Rev. C 15, 760.
  58. Fuggle, J. C., and N. Mårtensson, 1980, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 21, 275.
  59. Gokhale, B. G., and S. N. Shukla, 1969, J. Phys. B 2, 282.
  60. Gokhale, B. G., and S. N. Shukla, 1970a, J. Phys. B 3, 1392.
  61. Gokhale, B. G., and S. N. Shukla, 1970b, J. Phys. B 3, 438.
  62. Gokhale, B. G., and S. N. Shukla, 1970c, J. Phys. B 3, 1175.
  63. Gupta, S. N., and V. S. Dubey, 1969, Phys. Lett. 30A, 234.
  64. Gupta, S. N., A. N. Gandhi, and V. P. Vijayavargiya, 1976, J. Phys. B 9, L481.
  65. Härtwig, J., G. Hölzer, E. Förster, K. Goetz, K. Wokulska, and J. Wolf, 1994, Phys. Status Solidi A 143, 23.
  66. Härtwig, J., G. Hölzer, J. Wolf, and E. Förster, 1993, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 26, 539.
  67. Henins, A., 1971, in Precision Measurements, and Fundamental Constants, edited by D. N. Langenberg and B. N. Taylor (National Bureau of Standards Special Publication, Gaithersburg, MD), Vol. 343, pp. 255–258.
  68. Hollander, J. M., M. D. Holtz, T. Novakov, and R. L. Graham, 1965, Ark. Fys. 28, 375.
  69. Hölzer, G., M. Fritsch, M. Deutsch, J. Härtwig, and E. Förster, 1997, Phys. Rev. A 56, 4554.
  70. Indelicato, P., S. Boucard, and E. Lindroth, 1998, Eur. Phys. J. D 3, 29.
  71. Indelicato, P., and J. P. Desclaux, 1990, Phys. Rev. A 42, 5139.
  72. Indelicato, P., O. Gorceix, and J. P. Desclaux, 1987, J. Phys. B 20, 651.
  73. Indelicato, P., and E. Lindroth, 1992, Phys. Rev. A 46, 2426.
  74. Indelicato, P., and E. Lindroth, 1996, Comments At. Mol. Phys. 32, 197.
  75. Indelicato, P., and P. J. Mohr, 1990, in 12th International Conference on Atomic Physics, edited by W. E. Baylis, G. W. F. Drake, and J. W. McConkey (Ann Arbor, Michigan).
  76. Indelicato, P., and P. J. Mohr, 1991, Theor. Chim. Acta 80, 207.
  77. Indelicato, P., and P. J. Mohr, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 63, 052507.
  78. Jenkins, R., R. Manne, J. Robin, and C. Senemaud, 1991, Pure Appl. Chem. 63, 735.
  79. Johnson, W. R., and G. Soff, 1985, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 33, 405.
  80. Keski-Rahkonen, O., and M. O. Krause, 1977, Phys. Rev. A 15, 959.
  81. Kessler, E. G., Jr., R. D. Deslattes, and A. Henins, 1979, Phys. Rev. A 19, 215.
  82. Kessler, E. G., Jr., M. S. Dewey, R. D. Deslattes, A. Henins, H. G. Börner, M. Jentschel, and H. Lehmann, 2001, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 457, 187.
  83. Kim, Y. K., D. H. Baik, P. Indelicato, and J. P. Desclaux, 1991, Phys. Rev. A 44, 148.
  84. Kraft, S., J. Stümpel, P. Becker, and U. Kuetgens, 1996, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 681.
  85. Lebugle, A., U. Axelsson, R. Nyholm, and N. Mårtensson, 1981, Phys. Scr. 23, 825.
  86. Lindgren, I., B. Åsén, S. Salomonson, and A-M. Mårtensson-Pendrill, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 64, 062505.
  87. Lindgren, I., H. Persson, S. Salomonson, and L. Labzowsky, 1995, Phys. Rev. A 51, 1167.
  88. Lindroth, E., and P. Indelicato, 1993, Phys. Scr. T46, 139.
  89. Lindroth, E., and P. Indelicato, 1994, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 87, 222.
  90. Lum, G. K., C. E. Wiegand, E. G. Kessler, Jr., R. D. Deslattes, L. Jacobs, W. Schwitz, and R. Seki, 1981, Phys. Rev. D 23, 2522.
  91. Manil, B., P. Indelicato, R. Deslattes, E. G. Kessler, Jr., and A. Henins, 2002, private communication.
  92. Mohr, P. J., 1974a, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 88, 52.
  93. Mohr, P. J., 1974b, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 88, 26.
  94. Mohr, P. J., 1975, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 1050.
  95. Mohr, P. J., 1982, Phys. Rev. A 26, 2338.
  96. Mohr, P. J., 1992, Phys. Rev. A 46, 4421.
  97. Mohr, P. J., and Y.-K. Kim, 1992, Phys. Rev. A 45, 2727.
  98. Mohr, P. J., and J. Sapirstein, 2000, Phys. Rev. A 62, 052501.
  99. Mohr, P. J., and G. Soff, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 158.
  100. Mohr, P. J., and B. N. Taylor, 2000, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 351.
  101. Mooney, T. M., 1996, private communication.
  102. Mooney, T., E. Lindroth, P. Indelicato, E. G. Kessler, Jr., and R. D. Deslattes, 1992, Phys. Rev. A 45, 1531.
  103. Moseley, H. G. J., 1913, Philos. Mag. 26, 1024.
  104. Moseley, H. G. J., 1914, Philos. Mag. 27, 703.
  105. Nakayama, K., and H. Fujimoto, 1997, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 46, 580.
  106. Nelson, G. C., B. G. Saunders, and S. I. Salem, 1970, Z. Phys. 235, 308.
  107. Nigam, A. N., and K. B. Garg, 1967, Naturwissenschaften 54, 641.
  108. Nigam, A. N., and K. B. Garg, 1969a, Physica (Amsterdam) 45, 203.
  109. Nigam, A. N., and K. B. Garg, 1969b, J. Phys. B 2, 419.
  110. Nigam, A. N., and K. B. Garg, 1969c, Chem. Phys. Lett. 3, 398.
  111. Nigam, A. N., and Q. S. Kapoor, 1968, Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys. 6, 644.
  112. Nigam, A. N., and Q. S. Kapoor, 1969, Chem. Phys. Lett. 4, 455.
  113. Nigam, A. N., and Q. S. Kapoor, 1970, Chem. Phys. Lett. 4, 639.
  114. Nigam, A. N., and Q. S. Kapoor, 1973a, Chem. Phys. Lett. 20, 219.
  115. Nigam, A. N., and Q. S. Kapoor, 1973b, J. Phys. B 6, 2464.
  116. Nigam, A. N., and R. B. Mathur, 1975, Chem. Phys. Lett. 33, 579.
  117. Nigam, A. N., and R. B. Mathur, 1976a, J. Phys. B 9, 2613.
  118. Nigam, A. N., and R. B. Mathur, 1976b, Lett. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. 17, 421.
  119. Nigam, A. N., and R. B. Mathur, 1979, Phys. Lett. 73A, 159.
  120. Nigam, A. N., and R. B. Mathur, 1980, Physica B & C 100B+C, 279.
  121. Nigam, A. N., and R. B. Mathur, 1984, Physica B & C 125B+C, 377.
  122. Nigam, A. N., R. B. Mathur, and B. G. Gokhale, 1976, Phys. Rev. A 13, 1756.
  123. Nigam, A. N., R. B. Mathur, and R. Jain, 1974, J. Phys. B 7, 2489.
  124. Nordling, C., and S. Hagström, 1959, Ark. Fys. 15, 431.
  125. Nordling, C., and S. Hagström, 1964, Z. Phys. 178, 418.
  126. Nyholm, R., A. Berndtsson, and N. Mårtensson, 1980, J. Phys. C 13, L1091.
  127. Ohno, M., 1999, Phys. Rev. A 60, 2039.
  128. Ohno, M., and R. E. LaVilla, 1988, Phys. Rev. A 38, 3479.
  129. Ohno, M., and R. E. LaVilla, 1989a, Phys. Rev. B 39, 8845.
  130. Ohno, M., and R. E. LaVilla, 1989b, Phys. Rev. B 39, 8852.
  131. Park, R. L., and J. E. Houston, 1973, Phys. Rev. A 7, 1447.
  132. Parratt, L. G., 1959, Rev. Mod. Phys. 31, 616.
  133. Porter, F. T., I. Ahmad, M. S. Freedman, R. F. Barnes, R. K. Sjoblom, F. Wagner, Jr., and P. R. Fields, 1972, Phys. Rev. C 5, 1738.
  134. Porter, F. T., I. Ahmad, M. S. Freedman, J. Milsted, and A. M. Friedman, 1974, Phys. Rev. C 10, 803.
  135. Porter, F. T., and M. S. Freedman, 1971, Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 293.
  136. Porter, F. T., and M. S. Freedman, 1978, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 7, 1267.
  137. Powell, C. J., 1995, Appl. Surf. Sci. 89, 141.
  138. Raboud, P.-A., M. Berset, J.-C. Dousse, and Y.-P. Maillard, 2002, Phys. Rev. A 65, 022512.
  139. Raboud, P.-A., J.-C. Dousse, J. Hoszowska, and I. Savoy, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 61, 012507.
  140. Rai, S., and G. B. Deodhar, 1975, Acta Phys. Pol. A 48, 835.
  141. Rai, S., P. P. Varma, and R. B. Singh, 1970, J. Phys. B 3, 1186.
  142. Revel, R., C. Den Auwer, C. Madic, F. David, B. Fourest, S. Hubert, J.-F. Le Du, and L. R. Morss, 1999, Inorg. Chem. 38, 4139.
  143. Rieck, C. D., 1962, in International Tables for X-ray Crystallography, edited by C. H. MacGillavry and G. D. Rieck (Kynoch Press, Birmingham), Vol. III, pp. 59–72.
  144. Santos, J. P., J. P. Marques, F. Parente, E. Lindroth, P. Indelicato, and J. P. Desclaux, 1999, J. Phys. B 32, 2089.
  145. Schwarzenbach, D., S. C. Abrahams, H. D. Flack, E. Prince, and A. J. C. Wilson, 1995, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Found. Crystallogr. A51, 565.
  146. Schweppe, J. E., 1995, private communication.
  147. Schweppe, J., R. D. Deslattes, T. Mooney, and C. J. Powell, 1994, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 67, 463.
  148. Sevier, K. D., 1979, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 24, 323.
  149. Shrivastava, B. D., R. K. Jain, and V. S. Dubey, 1975, J. Phys. B 8, 2948.
  150. Shrivastava, B. D., R. K. Jain, and V. S. Dubey, 1976a, Phys. Lett. 59A, 323.
  151. Shrivastava, B. D., R. K. Jain, and V. S. Dubey, 1976b, Physica B & C 84B+C, 281.
  152. Shrivastava, B. D., R. K. Jain, and V. S. Dubey, 1976c, Naturwissenschaften 63, 481.
  153. Shrivastava, B. D., R. K. Jain, and V. S. Dubey, 1977, Can. J. Phys. 55, 1521.
  154. Shrivastava, B. D., D. Singh, and V. S. Dubey, 1976, Chem. Phys. Lett. 37, 521.
  155. Snell, G., M. Martins, E. Kukk, W. T. Cheng, and N. Berrah, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 63, 062715.
  156. Soff, G., and P. J. Mohr, 1988, Phys. Rev. A 38, 5066.
  157. Svensson, S., N. Mårtensson, E. Basilier, P. Å. Malmquist, U. Gelius, and K. Siegbahn, 1976, Phys. Scr. 14, 141.
  158. Taylor, B. N., and C. E. Kuyatt, 1994, Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results, NIST Technical Note 1297 (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD), Vol. 1297.
  159. Taylor, B. N., W. H. Parker, and D. N. Langenberg, 1969, Rev. Mod. Phys. 41, 375.
  160. Thomsen, J. S., and A. F. Burr, 1968, Am. J. Phys. 36, 803.
  161. Uehling, E. A., 1935, Phys. Rev. 48, 55.
  162. Veal, B. W., D. J. Lam, W. T. Carnall, and H. R. Hoekstra, 1975, Phys. Rev. B 12, 5651.
  163. Veal, B. W., D. J. Lam, H. Diamond, and H. R. Hoekstra, 1977, Phys. Rev. B 15, 2929.
  164. Weber, W., B. Breuckmann, R. Huster, W. Menzel, W. Mehlhorn, M. H. Chen, and K. G. Dyall, 1988, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 47, 105.
  165. Wichmann, E. H., and N. M. Kroll, 1956, Phys. Rev. 101, 843.
  166. Wolfson, J. L., and J. J. H. Park, 1964, Can. J. Phys. 42, 1387.
  167. Yamazaki, T., and J. M. Hollander, 1966, Nucl. Phys. 84, 505.
  168. Yerokhin, V. A., A. N. Artemyev, T. Beier, G. Plunien, V. M. Shabaev, and G. Soff, 1999, Phys. Rev. A 60, 3522.
  169. Yerokhin, V. A., A. N. Artemyev, V. M. Shabaev, M. M. Sysak, O. M. Zherebtsov, and G. Soff, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4699.
  170. Yerokhin, V. A., A. N. Artemyev, V. M. Shabaev, M. M. Sysak, O. M. Zherebtsov, and G. Soff, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 64, 032109.
  171. Yerokhin, V. A., and V. M. Shabaev, 2001, Phys. Rev. A 64, 062507.

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 35– Published 7 January, 2003

    © 2003 American Physical Society

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation