The superconducting phases of <span class="aps-inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">UPt</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>

Robert Joynt; Louis Taillefer

doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.74.235

Access by Xinjiang University

The superconducting phases of ${UPt}_{3}$

Robert Joynt and Louis Taillefer

Robert Joynt

Department of Physics and Applied Superconductivity Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Louis Taillefer

Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7

PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 235 – Published 11 March, 2002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.74.235

Abstract

The heavy-fermion compound ${UPt}_{3}$ is the first compelling example of a superconductor with an order parameter of unconventional symmetry. To this day, it is the only unambiguous case of multiple superconducting phases. Twenty years of experiment and theory on the superconductivity of ${UPt}_{3}$ are reviewed, with the aim of accounting for the multicomponent phase diagram and identifying the superconducting phases. First, the state above the superconducting critical temperature at $T_{c} = 0.5 K$ is briefly described: de Haas–van Alphen and other measurements demonstrate that this state is a Fermi liquid, with degeneracy fully achieved at $T_{c} .$ This implies that the usual BCS theory of superconductivity should hold, although the strong magnetic interactions suggest the possibility of an unconventional superconducting order parameter. The role of the weak antiferromagnetic order below $T_{N} = 5 K$ in causing phase multiplicity is examined. A comprehensive analysis of which superconducting states are possible is given, and the theoretical basis for each of the main candidates is considered. The behavior of various properties at low temperature $(T ≪ T_{c})$ is reviewed. The experiments clearly indicate the presence of nodes in the superconducting gap function of all three phases. In particular, the low-temperature low-field phase has a gap with a line node in the basal plane and point nodes along the hexagonal $c$ axis. The phase diagram in the magnetic-field–temperature plane has been determined in detail by ultrasound and thermodynamic measurements. Experiments under pressure indicate a coupling between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity and provide additional clues about the order parameter. Theoretically, Ginzburg-Landau theory is the tool that elucidates the phase diagram, while calculations of the temperature and field dependence of physical quantities have been used to compare different order parameters to experiment. On balance, the data point to a two-component order parameter belonging to either the $E_{1 g}$ or the $E_{2 u}$ representation, with degeneracy lifted by a coupling to the symmetry-breaking magnetic order. However, no single theoretical scenario is completely consistent with all the data. The coupling of superconductivity and magnetism may be the weakest link in the current picture of ${UPt}_{3},$ and full understanding depends on the resolution of this issue.

References (299)

Abell, J. S., 1989, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, edited by K. A. Gschneidner, Jr. and L. Eyring (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol. 12, p. 1.
Adenwalla, S., J. B. Ketterson, S. K. Yip, S. W. Lin, M. Levy, and B. K. Sarma, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 46, 9070.
Adenwalla, S., S. W. Lin, Q. Z. Ran, Z. Zhao, J. B. Ketterson, J. A. Sauls, L. Taillefer, D. G. Hinks, M. Levy, and B. K. Sarma, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2298.
Aeppli, G., E. Bucher, C. Broholm, J. K. Kjems, J. Baumann, and J. Hufnagl, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 615.
Aeppli, G., E. Bucher, A. I. Goldman, G. Shirane, C. Broholm, and J. K. Kjems, 1988, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 76-77, 385.
Albers, R. C., A. M. Boring, and N. E. Christensen, 1986, Phys. Rev. B 33, 8116.
Anderson, P. W., 1984, Phys. Rev. B 30, 4000.
Arfi, B., H. Bahlouli, and C. J. Pethick, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 39, 8959.
Arfi, B., and C. J. Pethick, 1988, Phys. Rev. B 38, 2312.
Arońson, M. C., R. Clarke, B. G. Demczyk, B. R. Coles, J. L. Smith, A. de Visser, T. Vorenkamp, and J. J. M. Franse, 1993, Physica B 186-188, 788.
Balatsky, A., and E. Abrahams, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 47, 513.
Barash, Yu. S., and A. S. Mel’nikov, 1991, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 100, 307 [JETP 73, 170 (1991)].
Barash, Yu. S., and A. S. Mel’nikov, 1994, Phys. Lett. A 186, 259.
Barash, Yu. S., and A. A. Svidzinsky, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 15 254.
Barash, Yu. S., and A. A. Svidzinsky, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 58, 6476.
Bardeen, J., L. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer, 1957, Phys. Rev. 108, 1175.
Bardeen, J., G. Rickayzen, and L. Tewordt, 1959, Phys. Rev. 113, 982.
Behnia, K., L. Taillefer, J. Flouquet, D. Jaccard, K. Maki, and Z. Fisk, 1991, J. Low Temp. Phys. 84, 261.
Bernhoeft, N. R., and G. G. Lonzarich, 1995, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 7, 7325.
Bishop, D. J., C. M. Varma, B. Batlogg, E. Bucher, Z. Fisk, and J. L. Smith, 1984, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1009.
Blount, E., 1985, Phys. Rev. B 32, 2935.
Blount, E. I., C. M. Varma, and G. Aeppli, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 3074.
Bogenberger, B., H. v. Löhneysen, T. Trappmann, and L. Taillefer, 1993, Physica B 186-188, 248.
Boukhny, M., G. L. Bullock, B. S. Shivaram, and D. G. Hinks, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1707.
Brison, J. P., N. Keller, P. Lejay, J. L. Tholence, A. Huxley, N. Bernhoeft, A. Buzdin, B. Fak, J. Flouquet, L. Schmidt, A. Stepanov, R. A. Fisher, N. Phillips, and C. Vettier, 1994a, Physica B 199-200, 70.
Brison, J. P., N. Keller, P. Lejay, J. L. Tholence, A. Huxley, N. R. Bernhoeft, A. Buzdin, B. Fak, J. Flouquet, L. Schmidt, A. N. Stepanov, R. A. Fisher, N. E. Phillips, and C. Vettier, 1994b, J. Low Temp. Phys. 95, 145.
Brodale, G. E., R. A. Fisher, N. E. Phillips, G. R. Stewart, and A. L. Giorgi, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 234.
Broholm, C. L., 1989, Ph.D. thesis (University of Copenhagen).
Broholm, C., G. Aeppli, R. N. Kleiman, D. R. Harshman, D. J. Bishop, E. Bucher, D. L. Williams, E. J. Ansaldo, and R. H. Heffner, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2062.
Bruls, G., 1995, Physica B 206-207, 580.
Bruls, G., D. Weber, I. Kouroudis, H. Weinfurter, K. Clausen, M. Yoshizawa, B. Lüthi, and E. Bucher, 1993, Physica B 186-188, 258.
Bruls, G., D. Weber, B. Wolf, P. Thalmeier, B. Lüthi, A. de Visser, and A. Menovsky, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2294.
Bullock, G. L., B. S. Shivaram, and D. G. Hinks, 1993a, Europhys. Lett. 21, 357.
Bullock, G. L., B. S. Shivaram, and D. G. Hinks, 1993b, Physica B 186-188, 245.
Buyers, W. J. L., 1996, Physica B 223-224, 9.
Chen, D.-C., and A. Garg, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1689.
Chen, D.-C., and A. Garg, 1994, Phys. Rev. B 49, 479.
Chen, J. W., S. E. Lambert, M. B. Maple, Z. Fisk, J. L. Smith, G. R. Stewart, and J. O. Willis, 1984, Phys. Rev. B 30, 1583.
Chiao, M., R. W. Hill, Ch. Lupien, B. Popic, R. Gagnon, and L. Taillefer, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2943.
Choi, C., and J. Sauls, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 484.
Coffey, L., T. M. Rice, and K. Ueda, 1985, J. Phys. C 18, L813.
Coleman, P., E. Miranda, and A. M. Tsvelik, 1994, Phys. Rev. B 49, 8955.
Coppersmith, S. N., and R. A. Klemm, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1870.
Cox, D. L., 1993, Physica B 186-188, 312.
Dalichaouch, Y., M. C. de Andrade, D. A. Gajewski, R. Chau, P. Visani, and M. B. Maple, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3938.
Dalmas de Réotier, P., A. Huxley, A. Yaounc, J. Flouquet, P. Bonville, P. Imbert, P. Pari, P. C. M. Gubbens, and A. M. Mulders, 1995, Phys. Lett. A 205, 239.
de Visser, A., 1986, Ph.D. thesis (University of Amsterdam).
de Visser, A., J. Flouquet, J. J. M. Franse, P. Haen, K. Hasselbach, A. Lacerda, and L. Taillefer, 1991, Physica B 171, 190.
de Visser, A., J. J. M. Franse, and J. Flouquet, 1989, Physica B 161, 324.
de Visser, A., J. J. M. Franse, and A. Menovsky, 1984, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 43, 43.
de Visser, A., J. J. M. Franse, and A. Menovsky, 1985, J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 15, L53.
de Visser, A., F. E. Kayzel, A. A. Menovsky, J. J. M. Franse, K. Hasselbach, A. Lacerda, L. Taillefer, J. Flouquet, and J. L. Smith, 1990, Physica B 165-166, 375.
de Visser, A., F. E. Kayzel, A. A. Menovsky, J. J. M. Franse, J. van den Berg, and G. J. Nieuwenhuys, 1986, Phys. Rev. B 34, 8168.
de Visser, A., R. J. Keizer, A. A. Menovsky, M. Mihalik, F. S. Tautz, J. J. M. Franse, B. Fak, N. H. van Dijk, J. Flouquet, J. Bossy, and S. Pujol, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 49.
de Visser, A., E. Louis, J. J. M. Franse, and A. Menovsky, 1986, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 54-57, 387.
de Visser, A., A. Menovsky, and J. J. M. Franse, 1987, Physica B 147, 81.
de Visser, A., A. Menovsky, J. J. M. Franse, K. Hasselbach, A. Lacerda, L. Taillefer, P. Haen, and J. Flouquet, 1990, Phys. Rev. B 41, 7304.
de Visser, A., N. H. van Dijk, K. Bakker, and J. J. M. Franse, 1993, Physica B 186-188, 212.
De Wilde, Y., J. Heil, A. G. M. Jansen, P. Wyder, R. Deltour, W. Assmus, A. Menovsky, W. Sun, and L. Taillefer, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2278.
Ellman, B., M. Sutton, B. Lussier, R. Brünig, L. Taillefer, S. M. Hayden, and G. Shea-McCarthy, 1997, preprint, cond-mat/9704125.
Ellman, B., L. Taillefer, and M. Poirier, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 54, 9043.
Ellman, B., J. Yang, T. F. Rosenbaum, and E. Bucher, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1569.
Ellman, B., A. Zaluska, and L. Taillefer, 1995, Physica B 205, 346.
Emery, V. J., and S. Kivelson, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 46, 10 812.
Evans, S. M. M., and G. A. Gehring, 1989, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1, 10 487.
Fisher, R. A., S. Kim, B. F. Woodfield, N. E. Phillips, L. Taillefer, K. Hasselbach, J. Flouquet, A. L. Giorgi, and J. L. Smith, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1411.
Fisher, R. A., B. F. Woodfield, S. Kim, N. E. Phillips, L. Taillefer, A. L. Giorgi, and J. L. Smith, 1991, Solid State Commun. 80, 263.
Fisk, Z., and J. P. Remeika, 1989, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, edited by K. A. Gschneidner, Jr. and L. Eyring (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol. 12, p. 53.
Fledderjohann, A., and P. J. Hirschfeld, 1995, Solid State Commun. 94, 163.
Franse, J. J. M., A. Menovsky, A. de Visser, C. D. Bredl, U. Gottwick, W. Lieke, H. M. Mayer, U. Rauchschwalbe, G. Sparn, and F. Steglich, 1985, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 59, 15.
Frings, P.H., 1984, Ph.D. thesis (University of Amsterdam).
Frings, P. H., J. J. M. Franse, F. R. de Boer, and A. Menovsky, 1983, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 31-34, 240.
Fulde, P., J. Keller, and G. Zwicknagl, 1988, Solid State Phys. 41, 1.
Garg, A., 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 676.
Fujita T., W. Aoyama, K. Machida, and T. Ohmi, 1994, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 63, 247.
Garg, A., and D-C. Chen, 1994, Phys. Rev. B 49, 479.
Geibel, C., et al., 1991a, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 84, 1.
Geibel, C., et al., 1991b, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 83, 305.
Golding, B., B. J. Bishop, B. Batlogg, W. H. Haemmerle, Z. Fisk, J. L. Smith, and H. R. Ott, 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2479.
Goll, G., C. Bruder, and H. v. Löhneysen, 1995, Phys. Rev. B 52, 6801.
Goll, G., H. v. Löhneysen, I. K. Yanson, and L. Taillefer, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2008.
Gor’kov, L., 1987, Sov. Sci. Rev., Sect. A 9, 1.
Graf, M. J., and D. W. Hess, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 63, 134502.
Graf, M. J., S.-K. Yip, and J. A. Sauls, 1996, J. Low Temp. Phys. 102, 367; ibid.106, 727(E).
Graf, M. J., S.-K. Yip, and J. A. Sauls, 1999, J. Low Temp. Phys. 114, 257.
Graf, M. J., S.-K. Yip, and J. A. Sauls, 2000, Phys. Rev. B 62, 14 393.
Graf, M. J., S. K. Yip, J. A. Sauls, and D. Rainer, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 15 147.
Greiter, M., G. G. Lonzarich, and L. Taillefer, 1992, Phys. Lett. A 169, 199.
Grewe, N., and F. Steglich, 1991, in Handbook of Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, edited by K. A. Gschneidner, Jr. and L. Eyring (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol. 14, p. 343.
Gross-Alltag, F., B. S. Chandrasekhar, D. Einzel, P. J. Hirschfeld, and K. Andres, 1991, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 82, 243.
Haas, S., A. V. Balatsky, M. Sigrist, and T. M. Rice, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 56, 5108.
Harán, G., and G. A. Gehring, 1995, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 7, 8151.
Hardy, W. N., D. A. Bonn, D. C. Morgan, R. Liang, and K. Zhang, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3999.
Hasselbach, K., L. Taillefer, and J. Flouquet, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 93.
Hasselbach, K., L. Taillefer, and J. Flouquet, 1990, Physica B 165-166, 357; ibid.165-166, 313.
Hayden, S. M., L. Taillefer, C. Vettier, and J. Flouquet, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 46, 8675.
Heffner, R. H., D. W. Cooke, A. L. Giorgi, R. L. Hutson, M. E. Schillaci, H. D. Remp, J. L. Smith, J. O. Willis, D. E. Maclaughlin, C. Boekema, R. L. Lichti, J. Oostens, and A. B. Denison, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 39, 11 345.
Heffner, R. H., and M. R. Norman, 1996, Comments Condens. Matter Phys. 17, 361.
Heid, R., Ya. B. Bazaliy, V. Martisovits, and D. L. Cox, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2571.
Hess, D. W., P. Riseborough, and J. L. Smith, 1993, Encyclopedia of Applied Physics (VCH, Weinheim), Vol. 7, p. 435.
Hess, D. W., T. A. Tokuyasu, and J. A. Sauls, 1989, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1, 8135.
Hewson, A. C., 1993, The Kondo Problem to Heavy Fermions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
Hirschfeld, P. J., and W. O. Putikka, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3909.
Hirschfeld, P. J., D. Vollhardt, and P. Wölfle, 1986, Solid State Commun. 59, 111.
Hirschfeld, P. J., P. Wölfle, and D. Einzel, 1988, Phys. Rev. B 37, 83.
Huxley, A. D., P. Rodière, D. McK. Paul, N. van Dijk, R. Cubitt, and J. Flouquet, 2000, Nature (London) 406, 160.
Huxley, A. D., H. Suderow, J. P. Brison, and J. Flouquet, 1995, Phys. Lett. A 209, 365.
Isaacs, E. D., P. Zschack, C. L. Broholm, C. Burns, G. Aeppli, A. P. Ramirez, T. T. M. Palstra, R. W. Erwin, N. Stücheli, and E. Bucher, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1178.
Jaccard, D., J. Flouquet, P. Lejay, and J. L. Tholence, 1985, J. Appl. Phys. 57, 3084.
Jaccard, D., and E. Vargoz, 1998, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177, 294.
Jin, C., D. M. Lee, S. W. Lin, B. K. Sarma, and D. G. Hinks, 1992, J. Low Temp. Phys. 89, 557.
Jin, D. S., S. A. Carter, B. Ellman, T. F. Rosenbaum, and D. G. Hinks, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1597.
Joynt, R., 1988, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 1, 210.
Joynt, R., 1990, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2, 3415.
Joynt, R., 1991, Europhys. Lett. 16, 289.
Joynt, R., 1992, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 108, 31.
Joynt, R., 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3015.
Joynt, R., 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3189.
Joynt, R., V. Mineev, G. Volovik, and M. E. Zhitomirskii, 1990, Phys. Rev. B 42, 2014.
Joynt, R., T. M. Rice, and K. Ueda, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1412.
Julian, S. R., P. A. A. Teunissen, and S. A. J. Wiegers, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 46, 9821.
Julian, S. R., G. J. McMullan, N. Dorion-Leyraud, A. D. Huxley, M. P. Ray, M. R. Norman, J. Floquet, and G. G. Lonzarich, 2000, The Fermi Surface of ${UPt}_{3}$ (University of Cambridge, Cambridge).
Junod, A., B. Revaz, Y. Wang, and A. Erb, 2000, Physica B 284-288, 1043.
Kadowaki, K., and S. B. Woods, 1986, Solid State Commun. 58, 507.
Keller, N., J. P. Brison, P. Lejay, J. L. Tholence, A. Huxley, L. Schmidt, A. Buzdin, and J. Flouquet, 1995, Physica B 206-207, 568.
Keller, N., J. L. Tholence, A. Huxley, and J. Flouquet, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2364.
Kimura, N., R. Settai, Y. Onuki, H. Toshima, E. Yamamoto, K. Maezawa, H. Aoki, and H. Harima, 1995, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 64, 3881.
Kleiman, R. N., C. Broholm, G. Aeppli, E. Bucher, N. Stücheli, D. J. Bishop, K. N. Clausen, K. Mortensen, J. S. Pederson, and B. Howard, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3120.
Kleiman, R. N., P. Gammel, E. Bucher, and D. Bishop, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 328.
Kohori, Y., T. Kohara, H. Shibai, Y. Oda, T. Kaneko, Y. Kitaoka, and K. Asayama, 1987, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 56, 395.
Kohori, Y., T. Kohara, H. Shibai, Y. Oda, Y. Kitaoka, and K. Asayama, 1988, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 57, 395.
Kohori, Y., M. Kyogaku, T. Kohara, K. Asayama, H. Amitsuka, and Y. Miyako, 1990, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 90-91, 510.
Kopnin, N. B., and G. E. Volovik, 1996, JETP Lett. 64, 690.
Kycia, J. B., 1997, Ph.D. thesis (Northwestern University).
Kycia, J. B., B. M. Davis, J. I. Hong, M. W. Meisel, D. N. Seidman, and W. P. Halperin, 1995, J. Low Temp. Phys. 101, 623.
Kycia, J. B., J. I. Hong, M. J. Graf, J. A. Sauls, D. N. Seidman, and W. P. Halperin, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 58, 603.
Lawrence, J. M., and D. L. Mills, 1991, Comments Condens. Matter Phys. 15, 163.
Lee, M., G. F. Moores, Y.-Q. Song, W. P. Halperin, W. W. Kim, and G. R. Stewart, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 7392.
Lee, P. A., 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1887.
Lee, P. A., T. M. Rice, J. W. Serene, L. J. Sham, and J. W. Wilkins, 1986, Comments Condens. Matter Phys. 12, 99.
Leggett, A. J., 1975, Rev. Mod. Phys. 47, 331.
Leggett, A. J., 1987, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 63-64, 406.
Libero, V. L., and D. L. Cox, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 3783.
Lin, S. W., C. Jin, H. Zhang, J. B. Ketterson, D. M. Lee, D. G. Hinks, M. Levy, and B. K. Sarma, 1994a, Physica B 194-196, 2024.
Lin, S. W., C. Jin, H. Zhang, J. B. Ketterson, D. M. Lee, D. G. Hinks, M. Levy, and B. K. Sarma, 1994b, Phys. Rev. B 49, 10 001.
Löhneysen, H. v., 1994, Physica B 197, 551.
Löhneysen, H. v., 1996, Physica B 218, 148.
Löhneysen, H. v., T. Trappmann, and L. Taillefer, 1992, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 108, 49.
Lonzarich, G. G., and S. R. Julian, 1994, private communication.
Lowell, J., and J. B. Sousa, 1970, J. Low Temp. Phys. 3, 65.
Luke, G. M., A. Keren, L. P. Le, W. D. Wu, Y. J. Uemura, D. A. Bonn, L. Taillefer, and J. D. Garrett, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1466.
Luk’yanchuk, I., 1991 J. Phys. I 1, 1155.
Lussier, B., B. Ellman, and L. Taillefer, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3294.
Lussier, B., B. Ellman, and L. Taillefer, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 5145.
Lussier, B., L. Taillefer, W. J. L. Buyers, T. E. Mason, and T. Peterson, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 54, R6873.
Machida, K., 1992, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 108, 229.
Machida, K., T. Fujita, and T. Ohmi, 1993, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 62, 680.
Machida, K., T. Nishira, and T. Ohmi, 1999, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 68, 3364.
Machida, K., and T. Ohmi, 1998, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65, 4018.
Machida, K., T. Ohmi, and M. Ozaki, 1993, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 62, 3216.
Machida, K., and M. Ozaki, 1989, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 58, 2244.
Machida, K., and M. Ozaki, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 3293.
Machida, K., M. Ozaki, T. Fujita, and T. Ohmi, 1993, Physica B 186-188, 218.
Machida, K., M. Ozaki, and T. Ohmi, 1989, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 58, 4116.
Mathur, N. D., F. M. Grosche, S. R. Julian, I. R. Walker, D. M. Freye, R. K. W. Haselwimmer, G. G. Lonzarich, 1998, Nature (London) 394, 39.
Mel’nikov, A. S., 1992, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 101, 1978 [JETP 74, 1059 (1992)].
Menovsky, A., J. J. M. Franse, and A. C. Moleman, 1984, J. Cryst. Growth 67, 31.
Midgley, P. A., S. M. Hayden, L. Taillefer, B. Bogenberger, and H. v. Löhneysen, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 678.
Mineev, V. P., and K. V. Samokhin, 1999, Introduction to Unconventional Superconductivity (Gordon and Breach, Amsterdam).
Miyake, K., and C. M. Varma, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1627.
Moler, K., D. J. Baar, J. S. Urbach, R. Liang, W. N. Hardy, and A. Kapitulnik, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2744.
Moler, K., D. L. Sisson, J. S. Urbach, M. R. Beasley, A. Kapitulnik, D. J. Baar, R. Liang, and W. N. Hardy, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 55, 3954.
Monien, H., K. Scharnberg, L. Tewordt, and D. Walker, 1987, Solid State Commun. 61, 581.
Moreno, J., and P. Coleman, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 2995.
Moreno, J., and J. A. Sauls, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 63, 024419.
Müller, T., W. Joss, and L. Taillefer, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 40, 2614.
Müller, V., D. Maurer, E. W. Scheidt, Ch. Roth, K. Lüders, E. Bucher, and H. E. Bömmel, 1986, Solid State Commun. 57, 319.
Müller, V., Ch. Roth, D. Maurer, E. W. Scheidt, K. Lüders, E. Bucher, and H. E. Bömmel, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1224.
Norman, M. R., 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 232.
Norman, M. R., 1990, Phys. Rev. B 41, 170.
Norman, M. R., 1992, Physica C 194, 205.
Norman, M. R., 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 6315.
Norman, M. R., 1994a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2077.
Norman, M. R., 1994b, Phys. Rev. B 50, 6904.
Norman, M. R., 1995a, Phys. Rev. B 52, 1421.
Norman, M. R., 1995b, Phys. Rev. B 52, 15 093.
Norman, M. R., 1996, private communication.
Norman, M. R., R. C. Albers, A. M. Boring, and N. E. Christensen, 1988, Solid State Commun. 68, 245.
Norman, M. R., and P. J. Hirschfeld, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 5706.
Norman, M. R., and D. D. Koelling, 1993, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths and Actinides, edited by K. A. Gschneidner, Jr., L. Eyring, G. H. Lander, and G. R. Choppin (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol. 17, p. 1.
Oguchi, T., and A. J. Freeman, 1985, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 52, 174.
Oguchi, T., A. J. Freeman, and G. W. Crabtree, 1987, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 63-64, 645.
Ohmi, T., and K. Machida, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 625.
Ohmi, T., and K. Machida, 1996a, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65, 3456.
Ohmi, T., and K. Machida, 1996b, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65, 4018.
Orenstein, J., and A. J. Millis, 2000, Science 288, 468.
Ott, H. R., E. Felder, A. Bernasconi, Z. Fisk, J. L. Smith, L. Taillefer, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1987, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 26, 1217 Suppl. 26-3.
Ott, H. R., and Z. Fisk, 1987, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Actinides, edited by A. J. Freeman and G. H. Lander (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol. 5, p. 85.
Ott, H. R., H. Rudigier, P. Delsing, and Z. Fisk, 1984, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1551.
Palumbo, M., and P. Muzikar, 1992a, Europhys. Lett. 20, 267.
Palumbo, M., and P. Muzikar, 1992b, Phys. Rev. B 45, 12 620.
Palumbo M., P. Muzikar, and J. A. Sauls, 1990, Phys. Rev. B 42, 2681.
Park, K., and R. Joynt, 1995, Phys. Rev. B 53, 12 346.
Pethick, C. J., and D. Pines, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 118.
Pethick, C. J., D. Pines, K. F. Quader, K. S. Bedell, and G. E. Brown, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1955.
Phillips, N. E., 1959, Phys. Rev. 114, 676.
Ponchet, A., J.-M. Mignot, A. de Visser, J. J. M. Franse, and A. Menovsky, 1986, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 54-57, 399.
Putikka, W. O., and R. Joynt, 1988, Phys. Rev. B 37, 2372.
Putikka, W. O., and R. Joynt, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 39, 701.
Qian, Y. J., M.-F. Xu, A. Schenstrom, H.-P. Baum, J. B. Ketterson, D. Hinks, M. Levy, and B. K. Sarma, 1987, Solid State Commun. 63, 599.
Ramirez, A. P., N. Stücheli, and E. Bucher, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1218.
Rasul, J. W., and A. P. Harrington, 1987, J. Phys. C 20, 4783.
Rauchschwalbe, U., U. Alheim, F. Steglich, D. Rainer, and J. J. M. Franse, 1985, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 60, 379.
Rodriguez, J. P., 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 250.
Salomaa, M., and G. E. Volovik, 1987, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 533.
Sarma, B. K., M. Levy, S. Adenwalla, and J. Ketterson, 1992, Physical Acoustics (Academic, New York), Vol. 20, p. 107.
Satterthwaite, C. B., 1962, Phys. Rev. 125, 873.
Sauls, J. A., 1994, Adv. Phys. 43, 113.
Sauls, J. A., 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 8543.
Scharnberg, K., D. Walker, H. Monien, L. Tewordt, and R. A. Klemm, 1986, Solid State Commun. 60, 535.
Scheider, W. D., and C. Laubschat, 1981, Phys. Rev. B 23, 997.
Schenstrom, A., M.-F. Xu, Y. Hong, D. Bein, M. Levy, B. K. Sarma, S. Adenwalla, Z. Zhao, T. Tokuyasu, D. W. Hess, J. B. Ketterson, J. A. Sauls, and D. G. Hinks, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 332.
Schmitt-Rink, S., K. Miyake, and C. Varma, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2575.
Schöttl, S., E. A. Schuberth, K. Flachbart, J. B. Kycia, J. I. Hong, D. N. Seidman, W. P. Halperin, J. Hufnagl, and E. Bucher, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2378.
Schuberth, E. A., and M. Fischer, 1994, Physica B 194-196, 1983.
Schuberth, E. A., B. Strickler, and K. Andres, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 117.
Shivaram, B., J. Gannon, Jr., and D. Hinks, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1723.
Shivaram, B., J. Gannon, Jr., and D. Hinks, 1990, Physica B 163, 141.
Shivaram, B. S., Y. H. Jeong, T. F. Rosenbaum, and D. G. Hinks, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1078.
Shivaram, B. S., Y. H. Jeong, T. F. Rosenbaum, D. G. Hinks, and S. Schmitt-Rink, 1987, Phys. Rev. B 35, 5372.
Shivaram, B. S., T. F. Rosenbaum, and D. G. Hinks, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1259.
Sieck, M., H. v. Löhneysen, and L. Taillefer, 1995, Physica B 206-207, 603.
Signore, P. J. C., M. W. Meisel, S. E. Brown, and Z. Fisk, 1994, Physica B 199-200, 157.
Sigrist, M., R. Joynt, and T. M. Rice, 1987, Phys. Rev. B 36, 5186.
Sigrist, M., and K. Ueda, 1991, Rev. Mod. Phys. 63, 239.
Simon, S. H., and P. A. Lee, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1548.
Sonier, J. E., M. F. Hundley, J. D. Thompson, and J. W. Brill, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4914.
Steglich, F., J. Aarts, C. D. Bredl, W. Lieke, D. Meschede, W. Franz, and J. Schäfer, 1979, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1892.
Steglich, F., U. Rauchschwalbe, U. Gottwick, H. M. Mayer, G. Sparn, N. Grewe, U. Poppe, and J. J. M. Franse, 1985, J. Appl. Phys. 57, 3054.
Stewart, G., 1984, Rev. Mod. Phys. 56, 755.
Stewart, G., Z. Fisk, J. Willis, and J. L. Smith, 1984, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 679.
Sticht, J., and J. Kübler, 1985, Solid State Commun. 54, 389.
Strange, P., and B. Gyorffy, 1985, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 7, 5579.
Suderow, H., J. P. Brison, A. D. Huxley, and J. Flouquet, 1997a, Physica B 230-232, 342.
Suderow, H., J. P. Brison, A. D. Huxley, and J. Flouquet, 1997b, J. Low Temp. Phys. 108, 11.
Suderow, H., J. P. Brison, A. Huxley, and J. Flouquet, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 165.
Sulewski, P. E., A. J. Sievers, M. B. Maple, and M. S. Torikachvili, J. L. Smith, and Z. Fisk, 1988, Phys. Rev. B 38, 5338.
Sulpice, A., P. Gandit, J. Chaussy, J. Flouquet, D. Jaccard, P. Lejay, and J. L. Tholence, 1986, J. Low Temp. Phys. 62, 39.
Sumiyama, A., S. Shibata, Y. Oda, N. Kimura, E. Yamamoto, Y. Haga, and Y. Onuki, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5213.
Sundaram, S. K., and R. Joynt, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 40, 8780.
Taillefer, L., 1990, Physica B 163, 278.
Taillefer, L., 1994, Hyperfine Interact. 85, 379.
Taillefer, L., K. Behnia, K. Hasselbach, J. Flouquet, S. M. Hayden, and C. Vettier, 1990, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 90-91, 623.
Taillefer, L., J. Flouquet, Yu. P. Gaïdukov, and N. P. Danilova, 1992, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 108, 138.
Taillefer, L., J. Flouquet, and W. Joss, 1988, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 76-77, 218.
Taillefer, L., J. Flouquet, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1991, Physica B 169, 257.
Taillefer, L., and G. G. Lonzarich, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1570.
Taillefer, L., R. Newbury, G. G. Lonzarich, Z. Fisk, and J. L. Smith, 1987, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 63-64, 372.
Taillefer, L., F. Piquemal, and J. Flouquet, 1988, Physica C 153-155, 451.
Taillefer, L., B. Ellman, B. Lussier, and M. Poirier, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 327.
Taillefer, L., B. Lussier, R. Gagnon, K. Behnia, and H. Aubin, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 483.
Takanaka, K., 1977, in Anisotropy Effects in Type II Superconductors, edited by W. Weber (Plenum, New York), p. 93.
Thalmeier, P., B. Wolf, D. Weber, R. Blick, G. Bruls, and B. Lüthi, 1992, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 108, 109.
Tokuyasu, T., D. Hess, and J. A. Sauls, 1990, Phys. Rev. B 41, 8891.
Tinkham, M., 1996, Introduction to Superconductivity (McGraw-Hill, New York).
Tou, H., Y. Kitaoka, K. Ishida, K. Asayama, N. Kimura, Y. Onuki, E. Yamamoto, Y. Haga, and K. Maezawa, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3129.
Tou, H., Y. Kitaoka, N. Kimura, Y. Onuki, E. Yamamoto, and K. Maezawa, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1374.
Trappmann, T., H. v. Löhneysen, and L. Taillefer, 1991, Phys. Rev. B 43, 13 714.
Tsai, C. L., R. L. Fagaly, H. Weinstock, and F. A. Schmidt, 1981, Phys. Rev. B 23, 6430.
Tsuei, C. C., and J. R. Kirtley, 2000, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 969.
van Dijk, N. H., 1994, Ph.D. thesis (University of Amsterdam).
van Dijk, N. H., A. de Visser, J. J. M. Franse, S. Holtmeier, L. Taillefer, and J. Flouquet, 1993a, Phys. Rev. B 48, 1299.
van Dijk, N. H., A. de Visser, J. J. M. Franse, and L. Taillefer, 1993b, J. Low Temp. Phys. 93, 101.
van Dijk, N. H., A. de Visser, J. J. M. Franse, and L. Taillefer, 1994, Physica B 199-200, 159.
van Dijk, N. H., B. Fak, L. P. Regnault, A. Huxley, and M-T. Fernandez-Diaz, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 58, 3186.
Vincent, E., J. Hammann, L. Taillefer, K. Behnia, N. Keller, and J. Flouquet, 1991, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 3, 3517.
Volovik, G. E., 1988, J. Phys. C 21, L221.
Volovik, G. E., 1993, JETP Lett. 58, 469.
Volovik, G. E., and N. B. Kopnin, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 5028.
Volovik, G. E., and L. Gor’kov, 1984, JETP Lett. 39, 674.
Volovik, G. E., and L. Gor’kov, 1985, JETP 61, 843.
Vorenkamp, T., M. C. Aronson, Z. Koziol, K. Bakker, J. J. M. Franse, and J. L. Smith, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 6373.
Walko, D. A., J.-I. Hong, T. V. Chandrasekhar Rao, Z. Wawrzak, D. N. Seidman, W. P. Halperin, and M. J. Bedzyk, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 63, 054522.
Wang, C. S., M. R. Norman, R. C. Albers, A. M. Boring, W. E. Pickett, H. Krakauer, and N. E. Christensen, 1987, Phys. Rev. B 35, 7260.
Willis, J. O., J. D. Thompson, Z. Fisk, A. de Visser, J. J. M. Franse, and A. Menovsky, 1985, Phys. Rev. B 31, 1654.
Wölfle, P., 1986, Phys. Lett. A 119, 40.
Wright, D. A., J. P. Emerson, B. F. Woodfield, J. E. Gordon, R. A. Fisher, and N. E. Phillips, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1550.
Wu, W. C., and R. Joynt, 2002, Phys. Rev. B (in press).
Yaron, U., P. L. Gammel, G. S. Boebinger, G. Aeppli, P. Schiffer, E. Bucher, D. J. Bishop, C. Broholm, and K. Mortensen, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3185.
Yaouanc, A., P. Dalmas de Réotier, and E. H. Brandt, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 55, 11 107.
Yaouanc, A., P. Dalmas de Réotier, F. N. Gygax, A. Schenk, A. Amato, C. Baines, P. C. M. Gubbens, C. T. Kaiser, A. de Visser, R. J. Keizer, A. Huxley, and A. A. Menovsky, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2702.
Yaouanc, A., P. Dalmas de Réotier, A. Huxley, J. Flouquet, P. Bonville, P. C. M. Gubbens, and A. M. Mulders, 1998, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10, 9791.
Yin, G., and K. Maki, 1994, Physica B 199-200, 224.
Yip, S. K., and A. Garg, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 3304.
Yip, S. K., T. Li, and P. Kumar, 1991, Phys. Rev. B 43, 2742.
Zhao, Z., F. Behroozi, S. Adenwalla, Y. Guan, J. B. Ketterson, B. K. Sarma, and D. G. Hinks, 1991, Phys. Rev. B 43, 13720.
Zhitomirskii, M., 1989, Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 49, 333 [JETP Lett. 49, 379 (1989)].
Zhitomirskii, M., and I. Luk’yanchuk, 1992, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 101, 1954 [JETP 74, 1046 (1992)].
Zhitomirskii, M., and K. Ueda, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 6591.

[c1] Abell, J. S., 1989, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, edited by K. A. Gschneidner, Jr. and L. Eyring (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol. 12, p. 1.

[c2] Adenwalla, S., J. B. Ketterson, S. K. Yip, S. W. Lin, M. Levy, and B. K. Sarma, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 46, 9070.

[c3] Adenwalla, S., S. W. Lin, Q. Z. Ran, Z. Zhao, J. B. Ketterson, J. A. Sauls, L. Taillefer, D. G. Hinks, M. Levy, and B. K. Sarma, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2298.

[c4] Aeppli, G., E. Bucher, C. Broholm, J. K. Kjems, J. Baumann, and J. Hufnagl, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 615.

[c5] Aeppli, G., E. Bucher, A. I. Goldman, G. Shirane, C. Broholm, and J. K. Kjems, 1988, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 76-77, 385.

[c6] Albers, R. C., A. M. Boring, and N. E. Christensen, 1986, Phys. Rev. B 33, 8116.

[c7] Anderson, P. W., 1984, Phys. Rev. B 30, 4000.

[c8] Arfi, B., H. Bahlouli, and C. J. Pethick, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 39, 8959.

[c9] Arfi, B., and C. J. Pethick, 1988, Phys. Rev. B 38, 2312.

[c10] Arońson, M. C., R. Clarke, B. G. Demczyk, B. R. Coles, J. L. Smith, A. de Visser, T. Vorenkamp, and J. J. M. Franse, 1993, Physica B 186-188, 788.

[c11] Balatsky, A., and E. Abrahams, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 47, 513.

[c12] Barash, Yu. S., and A. S. Mel’nikov, 1991, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 100, 307 [JETP 73, 170 (1991)].

[c13] Barash, Yu. S., and A. S. Mel’nikov, 1994, Phys. Lett. A 186, 259.

[c14] Barash, Yu. S., and A. A. Svidzinsky, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 15 254.

[c15] Barash, Yu. S., and A. A. Svidzinsky, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 58, 6476.

[c16] Bardeen, J., L. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer, 1957, Phys. Rev. 108, 1175.

[c17] Bardeen, J., G. Rickayzen, and L. Tewordt, 1959, Phys. Rev. 113, 982.

[c18] Behnia, K., L. Taillefer, J. Flouquet, D. Jaccard, K. Maki, and Z. Fisk, 1991, J. Low Temp. Phys. 84, 261.

[c19] Bernhoeft, N. R., and G. G. Lonzarich, 1995, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 7, 7325.

[c20] Bishop, D. J., C. M. Varma, B. Batlogg, E. Bucher, Z. Fisk, and J. L. Smith, 1984, Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1009.

[c21] Blount, E., 1985, Phys. Rev. B 32, 2935.

[c22] Blount, E. I., C. M. Varma, and G. Aeppli, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 3074.

[c23] Bogenberger, B., H. v. Löhneysen, T. Trappmann, and L. Taillefer, 1993, Physica B 186-188, 248.

[c24] Boukhny, M., G. L. Bullock, B. S. Shivaram, and D. G. Hinks, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1707.

[c25] Brison, J. P., N. Keller, P. Lejay, J. L. Tholence, A. Huxley, N. Bernhoeft, A. Buzdin, B. Fak, J. Flouquet, L. Schmidt, A. Stepanov, R. A. Fisher, N. Phillips, and C. Vettier, 1994a, Physica B 199-200, 70.

[c26] Brison, J. P., N. Keller, P. Lejay, J. L. Tholence, A. Huxley, N. R. Bernhoeft, A. Buzdin, B. Fak, J. Flouquet, L. Schmidt, A. N. Stepanov, R. A. Fisher, N. E. Phillips, and C. Vettier, 1994b, J. Low Temp. Phys. 95, 145.

[c27] Brodale, G. E., R. A. Fisher, N. E. Phillips, G. R. Stewart, and A. L. Giorgi, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 234.

[c28] Broholm, C. L., 1989, Ph.D. thesis (University of Copenhagen).

[c29] Broholm, C., G. Aeppli, R. N. Kleiman, D. R. Harshman, D. J. Bishop, E. Bucher, D. L. Williams, E. J. Ansaldo, and R. H. Heffner, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2062.

[c30] Bruls, G., 1995, Physica B 206-207, 580.

[c31] Bruls, G., D. Weber, I. Kouroudis, H. Weinfurter, K. Clausen, M. Yoshizawa, B. Lüthi, and E. Bucher, 1993, Physica B 186-188, 258.

[c32] Bruls, G., D. Weber, B. Wolf, P. Thalmeier, B. Lüthi, A. de Visser, and A. Menovsky, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2294.

[c33] Bullock, G. L., B. S. Shivaram, and D. G. Hinks, 1993a, Europhys. Lett. 21, 357.

[c34] Bullock, G. L., B. S. Shivaram, and D. G. Hinks, 1993b, Physica B 186-188, 245.

[c35] Buyers, W. J. L., 1996, Physica B 223-224, 9.

[c36] Chen, D.-C., and A. Garg, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1689.

[c37] Chen, D.-C., and A. Garg, 1994, Phys. Rev. B 49, 479.

[c38] Chen, J. W., S. E. Lambert, M. B. Maple, Z. Fisk, J. L. Smith, G. R. Stewart, and J. O. Willis, 1984, Phys. Rev. B 30, 1583.

[c39] Chiao, M., R. W. Hill, Ch. Lupien, B. Popic, R. Gagnon, and L. Taillefer, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2943.

[c40] Choi, C., and J. Sauls, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 484.

[c41] Coffey, L., T. M. Rice, and K. Ueda, 1985, J. Phys. C 18, L813.

[c42] Coleman, P., E. Miranda, and A. M. Tsvelik, 1994, Phys. Rev. B 49, 8955.

[c43] Coppersmith, S. N., and R. A. Klemm, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1870.

[c44] Cox, D. L., 1993, Physica B 186-188, 312.

[c45] Dalichaouch, Y., M. C. de Andrade, D. A. Gajewski, R. Chau, P. Visani, and M. B. Maple, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3938.

[c46] Dalmas de Réotier, P., A. Huxley, A. Yaounc, J. Flouquet, P. Bonville, P. Imbert, P. Pari, P. C. M. Gubbens, and A. M. Mulders, 1995, Phys. Lett. A 205, 239.

[c47] de Visser, A., 1986, Ph.D. thesis (University of Amsterdam).

[c48] de Visser, A., J. Flouquet, J. J. M. Franse, P. Haen, K. Hasselbach, A. Lacerda, and L. Taillefer, 1991, Physica B 171, 190.

[c49] de Visser, A., J. J. M. Franse, and J. Flouquet, 1989, Physica B 161, 324.

[c50] de Visser, A., J. J. M. Franse, and A. Menovsky, 1984, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 43, 43.

[c51] de Visser, A., J. J. M. Franse, and A. Menovsky, 1985, J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 15, L53.

[c52] de Visser, A., F. E. Kayzel, A. A. Menovsky, J. J. M. Franse, K. Hasselbach, A. Lacerda, L. Taillefer, J. Flouquet, and J. L. Smith, 1990, Physica B 165-166, 375.

[c53] de Visser, A., F. E. Kayzel, A. A. Menovsky, J. J. M. Franse, J. van den Berg, and G. J. Nieuwenhuys, 1986, Phys. Rev. B 34, 8168.

[c54] de Visser, A., R. J. Keizer, A. A. Menovsky, M. Mihalik, F. S. Tautz, J. J. M. Franse, B. Fak, N. H. van Dijk, J. Flouquet, J. Bossy, and S. Pujol, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 49.

[c55] de Visser, A., E. Louis, J. J. M. Franse, and A. Menovsky, 1986, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 54-57, 387.

[c56] de Visser, A., A. Menovsky, and J. J. M. Franse, 1987, Physica B 147, 81.

[c57] de Visser, A., A. Menovsky, J. J. M. Franse, K. Hasselbach, A. Lacerda, L. Taillefer, P. Haen, and J. Flouquet, 1990, Phys. Rev. B 41, 7304.

[c58] de Visser, A., N. H. van Dijk, K. Bakker, and J. J. M. Franse, 1993, Physica B 186-188, 212.

[c59] De Wilde, Y., J. Heil, A. G. M. Jansen, P. Wyder, R. Deltour, W. Assmus, A. Menovsky, W. Sun, and L. Taillefer, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2278.

[c60] Ellman, B., M. Sutton, B. Lussier, R. Brünig, L. Taillefer, S. M. Hayden, and G. Shea-McCarthy, 1997, preprint, cond-mat/9704125.

[c61] Ellman, B., L. Taillefer, and M. Poirier, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 54, 9043.

[c62] Ellman, B., J. Yang, T. F. Rosenbaum, and E. Bucher, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1569.

[c63] Ellman, B., A. Zaluska, and L. Taillefer, 1995, Physica B 205, 346.

[c64] Emery, V. J., and S. Kivelson, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 46, 10 812.

[c65] Evans, S. M. M., and G. A. Gehring, 1989, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1, 10 487.

[c66] Fisher, R. A., S. Kim, B. F. Woodfield, N. E. Phillips, L. Taillefer, K. Hasselbach, J. Flouquet, A. L. Giorgi, and J. L. Smith, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1411.

[c67] Fisher, R. A., B. F. Woodfield, S. Kim, N. E. Phillips, L. Taillefer, A. L. Giorgi, and J. L. Smith, 1991, Solid State Commun. 80, 263.

[c68] Fisk, Z., and J. P. Remeika, 1989, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, edited by K. A. Gschneidner, Jr. and L. Eyring (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol. 12, p. 53.

[c69] Fledderjohann, A., and P. J. Hirschfeld, 1995, Solid State Commun. 94, 163.

[c70] Franse, J. J. M., A. Menovsky, A. de Visser, C. D. Bredl, U. Gottwick, W. Lieke, H. M. Mayer, U. Rauchschwalbe, G. Sparn, and F. Steglich, 1985, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 59, 15.

[c71] Frings, P.H., 1984, Ph.D. thesis (University of Amsterdam).

[c72] Frings, P. H., J. J. M. Franse, F. R. de Boer, and A. Menovsky, 1983, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 31-34, 240.

[c73] Fulde, P., J. Keller, and G. Zwicknagl, 1988, Solid State Phys. 41, 1.

[c74] Garg, A., 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 676.

[c75] Fujita T., W. Aoyama, K. Machida, and T. Ohmi, 1994, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 63, 247.

[c76] Garg, A., and D-C. Chen, 1994, Phys. Rev. B 49, 479.

[c77] Geibel, C., et al., 1991a, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 84, 1.

[c78] Geibel, C., et al., 1991b, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 83, 305.

[c79] Golding, B., B. J. Bishop, B. Batlogg, W. H. Haemmerle, Z. Fisk, J. L. Smith, and H. R. Ott, 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2479.

[c80] Goll, G., C. Bruder, and H. v. Löhneysen, 1995, Phys. Rev. B 52, 6801.

[c81] Goll, G., H. v. Löhneysen, I. K. Yanson, and L. Taillefer, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2008.

[c82] Gor’kov, L., 1987, Sov. Sci. Rev., Sect. A 9, 1.

[c83] Graf, M. J., and D. W. Hess, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 63, 134502.

[c84] Graf, M. J., S.-K. Yip, and J. A. Sauls, 1996, J. Low Temp. Phys. 102, 367; ibid.106, 727(E).

[c85] Graf, M. J., S.-K. Yip, and J. A. Sauls, 1999, J. Low Temp. Phys. 114, 257.

[c86] Graf, M. J., S.-K. Yip, and J. A. Sauls, 2000, Phys. Rev. B 62, 14 393.

[c87] Graf, M. J., S. K. Yip, J. A. Sauls, and D. Rainer, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 15 147.

[c88] Greiter, M., G. G. Lonzarich, and L. Taillefer, 1992, Phys. Lett. A 169, 199.

[c89] Grewe, N., and F. Steglich, 1991, in Handbook of Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, edited by K. A. Gschneidner, Jr. and L. Eyring (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol. 14, p. 343.

[c90] Gross-Alltag, F., B. S. Chandrasekhar, D. Einzel, P. J. Hirschfeld, and K. Andres, 1991, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 82, 243.

[c91] Haas, S., A. V. Balatsky, M. Sigrist, and T. M. Rice, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 56, 5108.

[c92] Harán, G., and G. A. Gehring, 1995, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 7, 8151.

[c93] Hardy, W. N., D. A. Bonn, D. C. Morgan, R. Liang, and K. Zhang, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3999.

[c94] Hasselbach, K., L. Taillefer, and J. Flouquet, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 93.

[c95] Hasselbach, K., L. Taillefer, and J. Flouquet, 1990, Physica B 165-166, 357; ibid.165-166, 313.

[c96] Hayden, S. M., L. Taillefer, C. Vettier, and J. Flouquet, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 46, 8675.

[c97] Heffner, R. H., D. W. Cooke, A. L. Giorgi, R. L. Hutson, M. E. Schillaci, H. D. Remp, J. L. Smith, J. O. Willis, D. E. Maclaughlin, C. Boekema, R. L. Lichti, J. Oostens, and A. B. Denison, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 39, 11 345.

[c98] Heffner, R. H., and M. R. Norman, 1996, Comments Condens. Matter Phys. 17, 361.

[c99] Heid, R., Ya. B. Bazaliy, V. Martisovits, and D. L. Cox, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2571.

[c100] Hess, D. W., P. Riseborough, and J. L. Smith, 1993, Encyclopedia of Applied Physics (VCH, Weinheim), Vol. 7, p. 435.

[c101] Hess, D. W., T. A. Tokuyasu, and J. A. Sauls, 1989, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1, 8135.

[c102] Hewson, A. C., 1993, The Kondo Problem to Heavy Fermions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).

[c103] Hirschfeld, P. J., and W. O. Putikka, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3909.

[c104] Hirschfeld, P. J., D. Vollhardt, and P. Wölfle, 1986, Solid State Commun. 59, 111.

[c105] Hirschfeld, P. J., P. Wölfle, and D. Einzel, 1988, Phys. Rev. B 37, 83.

[c106] Huxley, A. D., P. Rodière, D. McK. Paul, N. van Dijk, R. Cubitt, and J. Flouquet, 2000, Nature (London) 406, 160.

[c107] Huxley, A. D., H. Suderow, J. P. Brison, and J. Flouquet, 1995, Phys. Lett. A 209, 365.

[c108] Isaacs, E. D., P. Zschack, C. L. Broholm, C. Burns, G. Aeppli, A. P. Ramirez, T. T. M. Palstra, R. W. Erwin, N. Stücheli, and E. Bucher, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1178.

[c109] Jaccard, D., J. Flouquet, P. Lejay, and J. L. Tholence, 1985, J. Appl. Phys. 57, 3084.

[c110] Jaccard, D., and E. Vargoz, 1998, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177, 294.

[c111] Jin, C., D. M. Lee, S. W. Lin, B. K. Sarma, and D. G. Hinks, 1992, J. Low Temp. Phys. 89, 557.

[c112] Jin, D. S., S. A. Carter, B. Ellman, T. F. Rosenbaum, and D. G. Hinks, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1597.

[c113] Joynt, R., 1988, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 1, 210.

[c114] Joynt, R., 1990, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2, 3415.

[c115] Joynt, R., 1991, Europhys. Lett. 16, 289.

[c116] Joynt, R., 1992, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 108, 31.

[c117] Joynt, R., 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3015.

[c118] Joynt, R., 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3189.

[c119] Joynt, R., V. Mineev, G. Volovik, and M. E. Zhitomirskii, 1990, Phys. Rev. B 42, 2014.

[c120] Joynt, R., T. M. Rice, and K. Ueda, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1412.

[c121] Julian, S. R., P. A. A. Teunissen, and S. A. J. Wiegers, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 46, 9821.

[c122] Julian, S. R., G. J. McMullan, N. Dorion-Leyraud, A. D. Huxley, M. P. Ray, M. R. Norman, J. Floquet, and G. G. Lonzarich, 2000, The Fermi Surface of ${UPt}_{3}$ (University of Cambridge, Cambridge).

[c123] Junod, A., B. Revaz, Y. Wang, and A. Erb, 2000, Physica B 284-288, 1043.

[c124] Kadowaki, K., and S. B. Woods, 1986, Solid State Commun. 58, 507.

[c125] Keller, N., J. P. Brison, P. Lejay, J. L. Tholence, A. Huxley, L. Schmidt, A. Buzdin, and J. Flouquet, 1995, Physica B 206-207, 568.

[c126] Keller, N., J. L. Tholence, A. Huxley, and J. Flouquet, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2364.

[c127] Kimura, N., R. Settai, Y. Onuki, H. Toshima, E. Yamamoto, K. Maezawa, H. Aoki, and H. Harima, 1995, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 64, 3881.

[c128] Kleiman, R. N., C. Broholm, G. Aeppli, E. Bucher, N. Stücheli, D. J. Bishop, K. N. Clausen, K. Mortensen, J. S. Pederson, and B. Howard, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3120.

[c129] Kleiman, R. N., P. Gammel, E. Bucher, and D. Bishop, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 328.

[c130] Kohori, Y., T. Kohara, H. Shibai, Y. Oda, T. Kaneko, Y. Kitaoka, and K. Asayama, 1987, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 56, 395.

[c131] Kohori, Y., T. Kohara, H. Shibai, Y. Oda, Y. Kitaoka, and K. Asayama, 1988, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 57, 395.

[c132] Kohori, Y., M. Kyogaku, T. Kohara, K. Asayama, H. Amitsuka, and Y. Miyako, 1990, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 90-91, 510.

[c133] Kopnin, N. B., and G. E. Volovik, 1996, JETP Lett. 64, 690.

[c134] Kycia, J. B., 1997, Ph.D. thesis (Northwestern University).

[c135] Kycia, J. B., B. M. Davis, J. I. Hong, M. W. Meisel, D. N. Seidman, and W. P. Halperin, 1995, J. Low Temp. Phys. 101, 623.

[c136] Kycia, J. B., J. I. Hong, M. J. Graf, J. A. Sauls, D. N. Seidman, and W. P. Halperin, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 58, 603.

[c137] Lawrence, J. M., and D. L. Mills, 1991, Comments Condens. Matter Phys. 15, 163.

[c138] Lee, M., G. F. Moores, Y.-Q. Song, W. P. Halperin, W. W. Kim, and G. R. Stewart, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 7392.

[c139] Lee, P. A., 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1887.

[c140] Lee, P. A., T. M. Rice, J. W. Serene, L. J. Sham, and J. W. Wilkins, 1986, Comments Condens. Matter Phys. 12, 99.

[c141] Leggett, A. J., 1975, Rev. Mod. Phys. 47, 331.

[c142] Leggett, A. J., 1987, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 63-64, 406.

[c143] Libero, V. L., and D. L. Cox, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 3783.

[c144] Lin, S. W., C. Jin, H. Zhang, J. B. Ketterson, D. M. Lee, D. G. Hinks, M. Levy, and B. K. Sarma, 1994a, Physica B 194-196, 2024.

[c145] Lin, S. W., C. Jin, H. Zhang, J. B. Ketterson, D. M. Lee, D. G. Hinks, M. Levy, and B. K. Sarma, 1994b, Phys. Rev. B 49, 10 001.

[c146] Löhneysen, H. v., 1994, Physica B 197, 551.

[c147] Löhneysen, H. v., 1996, Physica B 218, 148.

[c148] Löhneysen, H. v., T. Trappmann, and L. Taillefer, 1992, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 108, 49.

[c149] Lonzarich, G. G., and S. R. Julian, 1994, private communication.

[c150] Lowell, J., and J. B. Sousa, 1970, J. Low Temp. Phys. 3, 65.

[c151] Luke, G. M., A. Keren, L. P. Le, W. D. Wu, Y. J. Uemura, D. A. Bonn, L. Taillefer, and J. D. Garrett, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1466.

[c152] Luk’yanchuk, I., 1991 J. Phys. I 1, 1155.

[c153] Lussier, B., B. Ellman, and L. Taillefer, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3294.

[c154] Lussier, B., B. Ellman, and L. Taillefer, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 5145.

[c155] Lussier, B., L. Taillefer, W. J. L. Buyers, T. E. Mason, and T. Peterson, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 54, R6873.

[c156] Machida, K., 1992, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 108, 229.

[c157] Machida, K., T. Fujita, and T. Ohmi, 1993, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 62, 680.

[c158] Machida, K., T. Nishira, and T. Ohmi, 1999, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 68, 3364.

[c159] Machida, K., and T. Ohmi, 1998, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65, 4018.

[c160] Machida, K., T. Ohmi, and M. Ozaki, 1993, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 62, 3216.

[c161] Machida, K., and M. Ozaki, 1989, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 58, 2244.

[c162] Machida, K., and M. Ozaki, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 3293.

[c163] Machida, K., M. Ozaki, T. Fujita, and T. Ohmi, 1993, Physica B 186-188, 218.

[c164] Machida, K., M. Ozaki, and T. Ohmi, 1989, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 58, 4116.

[c165] Mathur, N. D., F. M. Grosche, S. R. Julian, I. R. Walker, D. M. Freye, R. K. W. Haselwimmer, G. G. Lonzarich, 1998, Nature (London) 394, 39.

[c166] Mel’nikov, A. S., 1992, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 101, 1978 [JETP 74, 1059 (1992)].

[c167] Menovsky, A., J. J. M. Franse, and A. C. Moleman, 1984, J. Cryst. Growth 67, 31.

[c168] Midgley, P. A., S. M. Hayden, L. Taillefer, B. Bogenberger, and H. v. Löhneysen, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 678.

[c169] Mineev, V. P., and K. V. Samokhin, 1999, Introduction to Unconventional Superconductivity (Gordon and Breach, Amsterdam).

[c170] Miyake, K., and C. M. Varma, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1627.

[c171] Moler, K., D. J. Baar, J. S. Urbach, R. Liang, W. N. Hardy, and A. Kapitulnik, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2744.

[c172] Moler, K., D. L. Sisson, J. S. Urbach, M. R. Beasley, A. Kapitulnik, D. J. Baar, R. Liang, and W. N. Hardy, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 55, 3954.

[c173] Monien, H., K. Scharnberg, L. Tewordt, and D. Walker, 1987, Solid State Commun. 61, 581.

[c174] Moreno, J., and P. Coleman, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 2995.

[c175] Moreno, J., and J. A. Sauls, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 63, 024419.

[c176] Müller, T., W. Joss, and L. Taillefer, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 40, 2614.

[c177] Müller, V., D. Maurer, E. W. Scheidt, Ch. Roth, K. Lüders, E. Bucher, and H. E. Bömmel, 1986, Solid State Commun. 57, 319.

[c178] Müller, V., Ch. Roth, D. Maurer, E. W. Scheidt, K. Lüders, E. Bucher, and H. E. Bömmel, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1224.

[c179] Norman, M. R., 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 232.

[c180] Norman, M. R., 1990, Phys. Rev. B 41, 170.

[c181] Norman, M. R., 1992, Physica C 194, 205.

[c182] Norman, M. R., 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 6315.

[c183] Norman, M. R., 1994a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2077.

[c184] Norman, M. R., 1994b, Phys. Rev. B 50, 6904.

[c185] Norman, M. R., 1995a, Phys. Rev. B 52, 1421.

[c186] Norman, M. R., 1995b, Phys. Rev. B 52, 15 093.

[c187] Norman, M. R., 1996, private communication.

[c188] Norman, M. R., R. C. Albers, A. M. Boring, and N. E. Christensen, 1988, Solid State Commun. 68, 245.

[c189] Norman, M. R., and P. J. Hirschfeld, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 5706.

[c190] Norman, M. R., and D. D. Koelling, 1993, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths and Actinides, edited by K. A. Gschneidner, Jr., L. Eyring, G. H. Lander, and G. R. Choppin (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol. 17, p. 1.

[c191] Oguchi, T., and A. J. Freeman, 1985, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 52, 174.

[c192] Oguchi, T., A. J. Freeman, and G. W. Crabtree, 1987, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 63-64, 645.

[c193] Ohmi, T., and K. Machida, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 625.

[c194] Ohmi, T., and K. Machida, 1996a, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65, 3456.

[c195] Ohmi, T., and K. Machida, 1996b, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65, 4018.

[c196] Orenstein, J., and A. J. Millis, 2000, Science 288, 468.

[c197] Ott, H. R., E. Felder, A. Bernasconi, Z. Fisk, J. L. Smith, L. Taillefer, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1987, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 26, 1217 Suppl. 26-3.

[c198] Ott, H. R., and Z. Fisk, 1987, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Actinides, edited by A. J. Freeman and G. H. Lander (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Vol. 5, p. 85.

[c199] Ott, H. R., H. Rudigier, P. Delsing, and Z. Fisk, 1984, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1551.

[c200] Palumbo, M., and P. Muzikar, 1992a, Europhys. Lett. 20, 267.

[c201] Palumbo, M., and P. Muzikar, 1992b, Phys. Rev. B 45, 12 620.

[c202] Palumbo M., P. Muzikar, and J. A. Sauls, 1990, Phys. Rev. B 42, 2681.

[c203] Park, K., and R. Joynt, 1995, Phys. Rev. B 53, 12 346.

[c204] Pethick, C. J., and D. Pines, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 118.

[c205] Pethick, C. J., D. Pines, K. F. Quader, K. S. Bedell, and G. E. Brown, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1955.

[c206] Phillips, N. E., 1959, Phys. Rev. 114, 676.

[c207] Ponchet, A., J.-M. Mignot, A. de Visser, J. J. M. Franse, and A. Menovsky, 1986, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 54-57, 399.

[c208] Putikka, W. O., and R. Joynt, 1988, Phys. Rev. B 37, 2372.

[c209] Putikka, W. O., and R. Joynt, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 39, 701.

[c210] Qian, Y. J., M.-F. Xu, A. Schenstrom, H.-P. Baum, J. B. Ketterson, D. Hinks, M. Levy, and B. K. Sarma, 1987, Solid State Commun. 63, 599.

[c211] Ramirez, A. P., N. Stücheli, and E. Bucher, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1218.

[c212] Rasul, J. W., and A. P. Harrington, 1987, J. Phys. C 20, 4783.

[c213] Rauchschwalbe, U., U. Alheim, F. Steglich, D. Rainer, and J. J. M. Franse, 1985, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 60, 379.

[c214] Rodriguez, J. P., 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 250.

[c215] Salomaa, M., and G. E. Volovik, 1987, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 533.

[c216] Sarma, B. K., M. Levy, S. Adenwalla, and J. Ketterson, 1992, Physical Acoustics (Academic, New York), Vol. 20, p. 107.

[c217] Satterthwaite, C. B., 1962, Phys. Rev. 125, 873.

[c218] Sauls, J. A., 1994, Adv. Phys. 43, 113.

[c219] Sauls, J. A., 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 8543.

[c220] Scharnberg, K., D. Walker, H. Monien, L. Tewordt, and R. A. Klemm, 1986, Solid State Commun. 60, 535.

[c221] Scheider, W. D., and C. Laubschat, 1981, Phys. Rev. B 23, 997.

[c222] Schenstrom, A., M.-F. Xu, Y. Hong, D. Bein, M. Levy, B. K. Sarma, S. Adenwalla, Z. Zhao, T. Tokuyasu, D. W. Hess, J. B. Ketterson, J. A. Sauls, and D. G. Hinks, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 332.

[c223] Schmitt-Rink, S., K. Miyake, and C. Varma, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2575.

[c224] Schöttl, S., E. A. Schuberth, K. Flachbart, J. B. Kycia, J. I. Hong, D. N. Seidman, W. P. Halperin, J. Hufnagl, and E. Bucher, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2378.

[c225] Schuberth, E. A., and M. Fischer, 1994, Physica B 194-196, 1983.

[c226] Schuberth, E. A., B. Strickler, and K. Andres, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 117.

[c227] Shivaram, B., J. Gannon, Jr., and D. Hinks, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1723.

[c228] Shivaram, B., J. Gannon, Jr., and D. Hinks, 1990, Physica B 163, 141.

[c229] Shivaram, B. S., Y. H. Jeong, T. F. Rosenbaum, and D. G. Hinks, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1078.

[c230] Shivaram, B. S., Y. H. Jeong, T. F. Rosenbaum, D. G. Hinks, and S. Schmitt-Rink, 1987, Phys. Rev. B 35, 5372.

[c231] Shivaram, B. S., T. F. Rosenbaum, and D. G. Hinks, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1259.

[c232] Sieck, M., H. v. Löhneysen, and L. Taillefer, 1995, Physica B 206-207, 603.

[c233] Signore, P. J. C., M. W. Meisel, S. E. Brown, and Z. Fisk, 1994, Physica B 199-200, 157.

[c234] Sigrist, M., R. Joynt, and T. M. Rice, 1987, Phys. Rev. B 36, 5186.

[c235] Sigrist, M., and K. Ueda, 1991, Rev. Mod. Phys. 63, 239.

[c236] Simon, S. H., and P. A. Lee, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1548.

[c237] Sonier, J. E., M. F. Hundley, J. D. Thompson, and J. W. Brill, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4914.

[c238] Steglich, F., J. Aarts, C. D. Bredl, W. Lieke, D. Meschede, W. Franz, and J. Schäfer, 1979, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1892.

[c239] Steglich, F., U. Rauchschwalbe, U. Gottwick, H. M. Mayer, G. Sparn, N. Grewe, U. Poppe, and J. J. M. Franse, 1985, J. Appl. Phys. 57, 3054.

[c240] Stewart, G., 1984, Rev. Mod. Phys. 56, 755.

[c241] Stewart, G., Z. Fisk, J. Willis, and J. L. Smith, 1984, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 679.

[c242] Sticht, J., and J. Kübler, 1985, Solid State Commun. 54, 389.

[c243] Strange, P., and B. Gyorffy, 1985, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 7, 5579.

[c244] Suderow, H., J. P. Brison, A. D. Huxley, and J. Flouquet, 1997a, Physica B 230-232, 342.

[c245] Suderow, H., J. P. Brison, A. D. Huxley, and J. Flouquet, 1997b, J. Low Temp. Phys. 108, 11.

[c246] Suderow, H., J. P. Brison, A. Huxley, and J. Flouquet, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 165.

[c247] Sulewski, P. E., A. J. Sievers, M. B. Maple, and M. S. Torikachvili, J. L. Smith, and Z. Fisk, 1988, Phys. Rev. B 38, 5338.

[c248] Sulpice, A., P. Gandit, J. Chaussy, J. Flouquet, D. Jaccard, P. Lejay, and J. L. Tholence, 1986, J. Low Temp. Phys. 62, 39.

[c249] Sumiyama, A., S. Shibata, Y. Oda, N. Kimura, E. Yamamoto, Y. Haga, and Y. Onuki, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5213.

[c250] Sundaram, S. K., and R. Joynt, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 40, 8780.

[c251] Taillefer, L., 1990, Physica B 163, 278.

[c252] Taillefer, L., 1994, Hyperfine Interact. 85, 379.

[c253] Taillefer, L., K. Behnia, K. Hasselbach, J. Flouquet, S. M. Hayden, and C. Vettier, 1990, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 90-91, 623.

[c254] Taillefer, L., J. Flouquet, Yu. P. Gaïdukov, and N. P. Danilova, 1992, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 108, 138.

[c255] Taillefer, L., J. Flouquet, and W. Joss, 1988, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 76-77, 218.

[c256] Taillefer, L., J. Flouquet, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1991, Physica B 169, 257.

[c257] Taillefer, L., and G. G. Lonzarich, 1988, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1570.

[c258] Taillefer, L., R. Newbury, G. G. Lonzarich, Z. Fisk, and J. L. Smith, 1987, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 63-64, 372.

[c259] Taillefer, L., F. Piquemal, and J. Flouquet, 1988, Physica C 153-155, 451.

[c260] Taillefer, L., B. Ellman, B. Lussier, and M. Poirier, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 327.

[c261] Taillefer, L., B. Lussier, R. Gagnon, K. Behnia, and H. Aubin, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 483.

[c262] Takanaka, K., 1977, in Anisotropy Effects in Type II Superconductors, edited by W. Weber (Plenum, New York), p. 93.

[c263] Thalmeier, P., B. Wolf, D. Weber, R. Blick, G. Bruls, and B. Lüthi, 1992, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 108, 109.

[c264] Tokuyasu, T., D. Hess, and J. A. Sauls, 1990, Phys. Rev. B 41, 8891.

[c265] Tinkham, M., 1996, Introduction to Superconductivity (McGraw-Hill, New York).

[c266] Tou, H., Y. Kitaoka, K. Ishida, K. Asayama, N. Kimura, Y. Onuki, E. Yamamoto, Y. Haga, and K. Maezawa, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3129.

[c267] Tou, H., Y. Kitaoka, N. Kimura, Y. Onuki, E. Yamamoto, and K. Maezawa, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1374.

[c268] Trappmann, T., H. v. Löhneysen, and L. Taillefer, 1991, Phys. Rev. B 43, 13 714.

[c269] Tsai, C. L., R. L. Fagaly, H. Weinstock, and F. A. Schmidt, 1981, Phys. Rev. B 23, 6430.

[c270] Tsuei, C. C., and J. R. Kirtley, 2000, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 969.

[c271] van Dijk, N. H., 1994, Ph.D. thesis (University of Amsterdam).

[c272] van Dijk, N. H., A. de Visser, J. J. M. Franse, S. Holtmeier, L. Taillefer, and J. Flouquet, 1993a, Phys. Rev. B 48, 1299.

[c273] van Dijk, N. H., A. de Visser, J. J. M. Franse, and L. Taillefer, 1993b, J. Low Temp. Phys. 93, 101.

[c274] van Dijk, N. H., A. de Visser, J. J. M. Franse, and L. Taillefer, 1994, Physica B 199-200, 159.

[c275] van Dijk, N. H., B. Fak, L. P. Regnault, A. Huxley, and M-T. Fernandez-Diaz, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 58, 3186.

[c276] Vincent, E., J. Hammann, L. Taillefer, K. Behnia, N. Keller, and J. Flouquet, 1991, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 3, 3517.

[c277] Volovik, G. E., 1988, J. Phys. C 21, L221.

[c278] Volovik, G. E., 1993, JETP Lett. 58, 469.

[c279] Volovik, G. E., and N. B. Kopnin, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 5028.

[c280] Volovik, G. E., and L. Gor’kov, 1984, JETP Lett. 39, 674.

[c281] Volovik, G. E., and L. Gor’kov, 1985, JETP 61, 843.

[c282] Vorenkamp, T., M. C. Aronson, Z. Koziol, K. Bakker, J. J. M. Franse, and J. L. Smith, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 6373.

[c283] Walko, D. A., J.-I. Hong, T. V. Chandrasekhar Rao, Z. Wawrzak, D. N. Seidman, W. P. Halperin, and M. J. Bedzyk, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 63, 054522.

[c284] Wang, C. S., M. R. Norman, R. C. Albers, A. M. Boring, W. E. Pickett, H. Krakauer, and N. E. Christensen, 1987, Phys. Rev. B 35, 7260.

[c285] Willis, J. O., J. D. Thompson, Z. Fisk, A. de Visser, J. J. M. Franse, and A. Menovsky, 1985, Phys. Rev. B 31, 1654.

[c286] Wölfle, P., 1986, Phys. Lett. A 119, 40.

[c287] Wright, D. A., J. P. Emerson, B. F. Woodfield, J. E. Gordon, R. A. Fisher, and N. E. Phillips, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1550.

[c288] Wu, W. C., and R. Joynt, 2002, Phys. Rev. B (in press).

[c289] Yaron, U., P. L. Gammel, G. S. Boebinger, G. Aeppli, P. Schiffer, E. Bucher, D. J. Bishop, C. Broholm, and K. Mortensen, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3185.

[c290] Yaouanc, A., P. Dalmas de Réotier, and E. H. Brandt, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 55, 11 107.

[c291] Yaouanc, A., P. Dalmas de Réotier, F. N. Gygax, A. Schenk, A. Amato, C. Baines, P. C. M. Gubbens, C. T. Kaiser, A. de Visser, R. J. Keizer, A. Huxley, and A. A. Menovsky, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2702.

[c292] Yaouanc, A., P. Dalmas de Réotier, A. Huxley, J. Flouquet, P. Bonville, P. C. M. Gubbens, and A. M. Mulders, 1998, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10, 9791.

[c293] Yin, G., and K. Maki, 1994, Physica B 199-200, 224.

[c294] Yip, S. K., and A. Garg, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 3304.

[c295] Yip, S. K., T. Li, and P. Kumar, 1991, Phys. Rev. B 43, 2742.

[c296] Zhao, Z., F. Behroozi, S. Adenwalla, Y. Guan, J. B. Ketterson, B. K. Sarma, and D. G. Hinks, 1991, Phys. Rev. B 43, 13720.

[c297] Zhitomirskii, M., 1989, Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 49, 333 [JETP Lett. 49, 379 (1989)].

[c298] Zhitomirskii, M., and I. Luk’yanchuk, 1992, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 101, 1954 [JETP 74, 1046 (1992)].

[c299] Zhitomirskii, M., and K. Ueda, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 6591.

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

The superconducting phases of ${UPt}_{3}$

Abstract

References (299)

Outline

Information

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation

The superconducting phases of UPt3

Abstract

References (299)

The superconducting phases of ${UPt}_{3}$