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The role of relative entropy in quantum information theory

V. Vedral*

V. Vedral*

  • Centre for Quantum Computation, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom

  • *Permanent address; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ.
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Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 197 – Published 8 March, 2002

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.74.197

Abstract

Quantum mechanics and information theory are among the most important scientific discoveries of the last century. Although these two areas initially developed separately, it has emerged that they are in fact intimately related. In this review the author shows how quantum information theory extends traditional information theory by exploring the limits imposed by quantum, rather than classical, mechanics on information storage and transmission. The derivation of many key results differentiates this review from the usual presentation in that they are shown to follow logically from one crucial property of relative entropy. Within the review, optimal bounds on the enhanced speed that quantum computers can achieve over their classical counterparts are outlined using information-theoretic arguments. In addition, important implications of quantum information theory for thermodynamics and quantum measurement are intermittently discussed. A number of simple examples and derivations, including quantum superdense coding, quantum teleportation, and Deutsch’s and Grover’s algorithms, are also included.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 197– Published 8 March, 2002

    © 2002 American Physical Society

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