- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in d- and f-electron metals

G. R. Stewart

G. R. Stewart

  • Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8440

PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 73, 797 – Published 31 October, 2001

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.73.797

Abstract

A relatively new class of materials has been found in which the basic assumption of Landau Fermi-liquid theory—that at low energies the electrons in a metal should behave essentially as a collection of weakly interacting particles—is violated. These “non-Fermi-liquid” systems exhibit unusual temperature dependences in their low-temperature properties, including several examples in which the specific heat divided by temperature shows a singular logT temperature dependence over more than two orders of magnitude, from the lowest measured temperatures in the milliKelvin regime to temperatures over 10 K. These anomalous properties, with their often pure power-law or logarithmic temperature dependences over broad temperature ranges and inherent low characteristic energies, have attracted active theoretical interest from the first experimental report in 1991. This article first describes the various theoretical approaches to trying to understand the source of strong temperature- and frequency-dependent electron-electron interactions in non-Fermi-liquid systems. It then discusses the current experimental body of knowledge, including a compilation of data on non-Fermi-liquid behavior in over 50 systems. The disparate data reveal some interesting correlations and trends and serve to point up a number of areas where further theoretical and experimental work is needed.

View figure in article

See Also

Addendum: Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in d- and f-electron metals

G. R. Stewart
Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 743 (2006)

References (272)

  1. Aeppli, G., E. Bucher, A. I. Goldman, G. Shirane, C. Broholm, and J. K. Kjems, 1988, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 76-77, 385.
  2. Affleck, I., and A. W. W. Ludwig, 1991, Nucl. Phys. B 352, 849.
  3. Aliev, F. G., N. B. Brandt, V. V. Moschalkov, and S. M. Chudinov, 1983, Solid State Commun. 45, 215.
  4. Altshuler, B. L., L. B. Ioffe, and A. J. Millis, 1995, Phys. Rev. B 52, 5563.
  5. Amara, M., D. Finsterbusch, B. Luy, B. Lüthi, F. Hulliger, and H. R. Ott, 1995, Phys. Rev. B 51, 16 407.
  6. Amitsuka, H., T. Hidano, T. Honma, H. Mitamura, and T. Sakakibara, 1993, Physica B 186, 337.
  7. Amitsuka, H., T. Hidano, T. Sakakibara, T. Suzuki, T. Akazawa, and T. Fujita, 1995, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 140-144, 1403.
  8. Amitsuka, H., K. Kuwahara, M. Yokoyama, K. Tenya, T. Sakakibara, M. Mihalik, and A. A. Menovsky, 2000, Physica B 281&282, 326.
  9. Amitsuka, H., and T. Sakakibara, 1994, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 63, 736.
  10. Amitsuka, H., T. Sakakibara, A. de Visser, F. E. Kayzel, and J. J. M. Franse, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 613.
  11. Amitsuka, H., T. Shimamoto, T. Honma, and T. Sakakibara, 1995, Physica B 206&207, 461.
  12. Andraka, B., 1994a, Phys. Rev. B 49, 3589.
  13. Andraka, B., 1994b, Phys. Rev. B 49, 348.
  14. Andraka, B., 1994c, J. Alloys Compd. 209, 43.
  15. Andraka, B., and G. R. Stewart, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 47, 3208.
  16. Andraka, B., and A. Tsvelik, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2886.
  17. Andrei, N., and C. Destri, 1984, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 364.
  18. Andres, K., J. E. Graebner, and H. R. Ott, 1975, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1779.
  19. Aoki, Y., T. D. Matsuda, H. Sugawara, H. Sato, H. Ohkumi, R. Settai, Y. Onuki, E. Yamamoto, Y. Haga, A. V. Andreev, V. Sechovsky, L. Havela, H. Ikeda, and K. Miyake, 1998, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177-181, 271.
  20. Aoki, Y., K. Terayama, H. Sato, K. Maeda, and Y. Onuki, 1995, Physica B 206-207, 451.
  21. Aoki, Y., J. Urakawa, H. Sugawara, H. Sato, T. Fukuhara, and K. Maezawa, 1997, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 66, 2993.
  22. Aronson, M., R. Osborn, R. A. Robinson, J. W. Lynn, R. Chau, C. L. Seaman, and M. B. Maple, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 725.
  23. Bauer, E., A. Galatanu, L. Naber, M. Galli, F. Marabelli, C. Seuring, K. Heuser, E.-W. Scheidt, T. Schreiner, and G. R. Stewart, 2000, Physica B 281-282, 319.
  24. Bauer, E. D., E. J. Freeman, C. Sirvent, and M. B. Maple, 2000, unpublished.
  25. Belitz, D., T. R. Kirkpatrick, and T. Vojta, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4707.
  26. Bernal, O. O., D. E. MacLaughlin, A. Amato, R. Feyerherm, F. N. Gygax, A. Schenck, R. H. Heffner, L. P. Le, G. J. Nieuwenhuys, B. Andraka, H. von Löhneysen, O. Stockert, and H. R. Ott, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 54, 13 000.
  27. Bernal, O. O., D. E. MacLaughlin, H. G. Lukefahr, and B. Andraka, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2023.
  28. Bhatt, R. N., and D. S. Fisher, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3072.
  29. Bogenberger, B., and H. von Löhneysen, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1016.
  30. Booth, C. H., D. E. MacLaughlin, R. H. Heffner, R. Chau, M. B. Maple, and G. H. Kwei, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3960.
  31. Bouquet, F., Y. Wang, H. Wilhelm, D. Jaccard, and A. Junod, 2000, Solid State Commun. 113, 367.
  32. Boyanovsky, D., and J. L. Cardy, 1983, Phys. Rev. B 27, 5557.
  33. Brezin, E., 1982, J. Phys. (France) 43, 15.
  34. Bucher, E., J. P. Maita, G. W. Hull, R. C. Fulton, and A. S. Cooper, 1975, Phys. Rev. B 11, 440.
  35. Castro Neto, A. H., G. Castilla, and B. A. Jones, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3531.
  36. Chau, R., E. J. Freeman, and M. B. Maple, 2001, preprint, University of California, Department of Physics.
  37. Chau, R., and M. B. Maple, 1996, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 9939.
  38. Chau, R., M. B. Maple, and R. A. Robinson, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 58, 139.
  39. Coleman, P., 1999, Physica B 259-261, 353.
  40. Coleman, P., A. Tsvelik, N. Andrei, and H. Y. Kee, 1998, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10, L239.
  41. Continentino, M. A., 1993, Phys. Rev. B 47, 11 587.
  42. Continentino, M. A., 1994, Phys. Rep. 239, 179.
  43. Continentino, M. A., 1996, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 101, 197.
  44. Continentino, M. A., G. M. Japiassu, and A. Troper, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 39, 9734.
  45. Cox, D. L., 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 1240.
  46. Cox, D. L., 1993, Physica B 186-188, 312.
  47. Cox, D. L., and M. Jarrell, 1996, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 9825.
  48. Cox, D. L., and A. Zawadowski, 1998, Adv. Phys. 47, 599.
  49. Custers, J., and P. Gegenwart, 2001, unpublished.
  50. Dai, P., H. A. Mook, C. L. Seaman, M. B. Maple, and J. P. Koster, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1202.
  51. Dalichaouch, Y., and M. B. Maple, 1994, Physica B 199-200, 176.
  52. deAndrade, M. C., R. Chau, R. P. Dickey, N. R. Dilley, E. J. Freeman, D. A. Gajewski, M. B. Maple, R. Movshovich, A. H. Castro Neto, G. Castilla, and B. A. Jones, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5620.
  53. Degiorgi, L., 1999, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 687.
  54. deVisser, A., 1986, Ph.D. thesis (University of Amsterdam).
  55. deVisser, A., M. J. Graf, P. Estrela, A. Amato, C. Baines, C. Andreica, F. N. Gygax, and A. Schenk, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3005.
  56. Dobrosavljevic, V., T. R. Kirkpatrick, and G. Kotliar, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1113.
  57. Eom, D. H., M. Ishikawa, and N. Takeda, 2000, Physica B 281-282, 369.
  58. Estrela, P., A. deVisser, F. R. deBoer, G. J. Nieuwenhuys, L. C. J. Pereira, and M. Almeida, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 409.
  59. Estrela, P., L. C. Pereira, A. deVisser, F. R. deBoer, M. Almeida, M. Godinho, J. Rebizant, and J. C. Spirlet, 1998, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 10, 9465.
  60. Fisher, M. P. A., P. B. Weichmann, G. Grinstein, and D. S. Fisher, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 40, 546.
  61. Flouquet, J., S. Kambe, L. P. Regnault, P. Haen, J. P. Brison, F. Lapierre, and P. Lejay, 1995, Physica B 215, 77.
  62. Freeman, E. J., M. C. de Andrade, R. P. Dickey, N. R. Dilley, and M. B. Maple, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 58, 16 027.
  63. Fukushima, T., S. Matsuyama, T. Kumada, K. Kindo, K. Prokes, H. Nakotte, F. R. de Boer, L. Havela, V. Sechovsky, J. M. Winand, J. Rebizant, and J. C. Spirlet, 1995, Physica B 211, 142.
  64. Gajewski, D. A., N. R. Dilley, R. Chau, and M. B. Maple, 1996, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 9793.
  65. Galatanu, A., R. Hauser, G. Gilscher, H. Michor, L. Naber, and E. Bauer, 2000, Physica B 281-282, 83.
  66. Gangopadhyay, A. K., J. S. Schilling, E. Schuberth, P. Gutsmiedl, F. Gross, and K. Andres, 1988, Phys. Rev. B 38, 2603.
  67. Gangopadhyay, A. K., J. S. Schilling, H. D. Yang, and R. N. Shelton, 1987, Phys. Rev. B 36, 4086.
  68. Gegenwart, P., P. Hinze, C. Geibel, M. Lang, and F. Steglich, 2000, Physica B 281-282, 5.
  69. Gegenwart, P., F. Kromer, M. Lang, G. Sparn, C. Geibel, and F. Steglich, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1293.
  70. Geibel, C., 2000, private communication.
  71. Geibel, C., U. Klinger, B. Buschinger, M. Weiden, G. Olesch, F. Thomas, and F. Steglich, 1996, Physica B 223-224, 370.
  72. Geibel, C., C. Schank, S. Thies, H. Kitazawa, C. D. Bredl, A. Böhm, M. Rau, A. Grauel, R. Caspary, R. Helfrich, U. Ahlheim, G. Weber, and F. Steglich, 1991, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 84, 1.
  73. Geibel, C., S. Thies, D. Kaczorowski, A. Mehner, A. Grauel, B. Seidel, U. Ahlheim, R. Helfrich, K. Peterson, C. D. Bredl, and F. Steglich, 1991, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 83, 305.
  74. Germann, A., A. K. Nigam, J. Dutzi, A. Schröder, and H. von Löhneysen, 1988, J. Phys. Colloq. 49, C8-755.
  75. Germann, A., and H. von Löhneysen, 1989, Europhys. Lett. 9, 367.
  76. Goldenfeld, N., 1992, Lectures on Phase Transitions and the Renormalization Group (Addison-Wesley, New York).
  77. Goodrich, R., 2000, private communication.
  78. Götzfried, T., K. Heuser, S. Kehrein, E.-W. Scheidt, and G. R. Stewart, 2001, unpublished.
  79. Graf, M. J., R. J. Keizer, A. de Visser, and S. T. Hannahs, 2000, Physica B 284-288, 1281.
  80. Graf, T., J. D. Thompson, M. F. Hundley, R. Movshovich, Z. Fisk, D. Mandrus, R. A. Fisher, and N. E. Phillips, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3769.
  81. Griffiths, R. B., 1969, Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 17.
  82. Grosche, F. M., P. Agarwal, S. R. Julian, N. J. Wilson, R. K. W. Haselwimmer, S. J. S. Lister, N. D. Mathur, F. V. Carter, S. S. Saxena, and G. G. Lonzarich, 2000, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 12, L533.
  83. Grosche, F. M., S. R. Julian, N. D. Mathur, F. V. Carter, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1997, Physica B 237-238, 197.
  84. Grosche, F. M., S. R. Julian, N. D. Mathur, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1996, Physica B 223-224, 50.
  85. Grosche, F. M., C. Pfleiderer, G. J. McMullan, G. G. Lonzarich, and N. R. Bernhoeft, 1995, Physica B 206-207, 20.
  86. Hauser, R., M. Galli, E. Bauer, A. Kottar, G. Hilscher, and D. Kaczorowski, 1998, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177-181, 292.
  87. Havela, L., A. Kolomiets, F. Honda, A. V. Andreev, V. Sechovsky, L. E. DeLong, Y. Shiokawa, T. Kagayama, and G. Oomi, 2000a, Physica B 281-282, 379.
  88. Havela, L., A. Kolomiets, F. Honda, A. V. Andreev, V. Sechovsky, L. E. DeLong, T. Kagayama, and G. Oomi, 2000b, Physica B 284-288, 1297.
  89. Havela, L., V. Sechovsky, P. Svoboda, M. Divis, H. Nakotte, K. Prokes, F. R. de Boer, A. Purwanto, R. A. Robinson, A. Seret, J. M. Winand, J. Rebizant, J. C. Spirlet, M. Richter, and H. Eschrig, 1994, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 6214.
  90. Hegger, H., C. Petrovic, E. G. Moshopoulou, M. F. Hundley, J. L. Sarrao, Z. Fisk, and J. D. Thompson, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4986.
  91. Held, K., M. Ulmke, N. Blümer, and D. Vollhardt, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 56, 14 469.
  92. Hertz, J. A., 1976, Phys. Rev. B 14, 1165.
  93. Heuser, K., 1999, Ph.D. thesis (Universität Augsburg) (Shaker Verlag, Aachen, ISBN 3-8265-6343-3).
  94. Heuser, K., J. S. Kim, E.-W. Scheidt, T. Schreiner, and G. R. Stewart, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 392.
  95. Heuser, K., E.-W. Scheidt, T. Schreiner, Z. Fisk, and G. R. Stewart, 2000, J. Low Temp. Phys. 118, 235.
  96. Heuser, K., E.-W. Scheidt, T. Schreiner, and G. R. Stewart, 1998a, Phys. Rev. B 57, R4 198.
  97. Heuser, K., E.-W. Scheidt, T. Schreiner, and G. R. Stewart, 1998b, Phys. Rev. B 58, R15 959.
  98. Hill, H. H., 1970, in Plutonium 1970 and Other Actinides, edited by W. N. Miner (American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, New York), p. 2.
  99. Hirsch, O., H. Lumpe, and G. R. Stewart, 2001, unpublished.
  100. Hlubina, R., and T. M. Rice, 1995, Phys. Rev. B 51, 9253.
  101. Homma, Y., S. Kawai, and Y. Shiokawa, 2000, Physica B 281-282, 249.
  102. Horn, S., E. Holland-Moritz, M. Loewenhaupt, F. Steglich, H. Scheuer, A. Benoit, and J. Flouquet, 1981, Phys. Rev. B 23, 3171.
  103. Horn, S., A. Mehner, C. Kämmerer, B. Seidel, C. D. Bredl, C. Geibel, and F. Steglich, 1992, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 108, 205.
  104. Ioffe, L. B., and A. J. Millis, 1995, Phys. Rev. B 51, 16 151.
  105. Ishigaki, A., and T. Moriya, 1998, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 67, 3924.
  106. Jaccard, D., K. Behnia, and J. Sierro, 1992, Phys. Lett. A 163, 475.
  107. Jaccard, D., H. Wilhelm, K. Alami-Yadri, and E. Vargoz, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 1.
  108. Jarrell, M., H. B. Pang, and D. L. Cox, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1996.
  109. Jarrell, M., H. Pang, D. L. Cox, and K. H. Luk, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1612.
  110. Jee, C. S., B. Andraka, J. S. Kim, and G. R. Stewart, 1991, Phys. Rev. B 43, 2656.
  111. Julian, S. R., F. V. Carter, F. M. Grosche, R. K. W. Haselwimmer, S. J. Lister, N. D. Mathur, G. J. McMullan, C. Pfleiderer, S. S. Saxena, I. R. Walker, N. J. W. Wilson, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1998, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177-181, 265.
  112. Julian, S. R., C. Pfleiderer, F. M. Grosche, N. D. Mathur, G. J. McMullan, A. J. Diver, I. R. Walker, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1996, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 9675.
  113. Kadowski, K., and S. B. Woods, 1986, Solid State Commun. 58, 507.
  114. Kambe, S., S. Raymond, H. Suderow, J. McDonough, B. Fak, L. P. Regnault, R. Calemczuk, and J. Flouquet, 1996, Physica B 223-224, 135.
  115. Kang, J.-S., J. W. Allen, M. B. Maple, M. S. Torikachvili, W. P. Ellis, B. B. Pate, Z.-X. Shen, J. J. Yeh, and I. Lindau, 1989, Phys. Rev. B 39, 13 529.
  116. Kappler, J.-P., M. J. Besnus, P. Haen, and J. Sereni, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 162.
  117. Kato, T. and J. Mathon, 1976, J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 6, 221.
  118. Keimer, B., R. J. Birgenau, A. Cassanho, Y. Endoh, R. W. Erwin, M. A. Kastner, and G. Shirane, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 1930.
  119. Kim, J. S., J. Alwood, S. A. Getty, F. Sharifi, and G. R. Stewart, 2000, Phys. Rev. B 62, 6986.
  120. Kim, J. S., J. Alwood, and G. R. Stewart, 2001, unpublished.
  121. Kim, J. S., J. Alwood, G. R. Stewart, J. L. Sarrao, and J. D. Thompson, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 64, 134524.
  122. Kim, J. S., B. Andraka, and G. R. Stewart, 1991, Phys. Rev. B 44, 6921.
  123. Kim, J. S., B. Andraka, and G. R. Stewart, 1992, Phys. Rev. B 45, 12 081.
  124. Kim, J. S., D. Hall, K. Heuser, and G. R. Stewart, 2000, Solid State Commun. 114, 413.
  125. Kim, J. S., N. Sato, and G. R. Stewart, 2001, J. Low Temp. Phys. 124, 527.
  126. Kim, J. S., and G. R. Stewart, 1999, unpublished.
  127. Kim, J. S., and G. R. Stewart, 2000, unpublished.
  128. Kim, J. S., S. Thomas, D. Hall, and G. R. Stewart, 1999, Phys. Rev. B 60, 6761.
  129. Kim, W. W., 1995, Ph.D. thesis (University of Florida).
  130. Kim, W. W., J. S. Kim, B. Andraka, and G. R. Stewart, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 47, 12 403.
  131. Klein, L., L. Antognazza, T. H. Geballe, M. R. Beasley, and A. Kapitulnik, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 431.
  132. Knopp, G., A. Loidl, R. Caspary, U. Gottwick, C. D. Bredl, H. Spille, F. Steglich, and A. P. Murani, 1988, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 74, 341.
  133. Koerner, S., E.-W. Scheidt, T. Schreiner, K. Heuser, and G. R. Stewart, 2000, J. Low Temp. Phys. 119, 147.
  134. Koerner, S., A. Weber, J. Hemberger, E.-W. Scheidt, and G. R. Stewart, 2001, J. Low Temp. Phys. 121, 105.
  135. Kolb, R., 1994, Diplom. thesis (Universität Augsburg).
  136. Kondo, J., 1964, Prog. Theor. Phys. 32, 37.
  137. Krishnamurthy, V. V., K. Nagamine, I. Watanabe, K. Nishiyama, S. Ohira, M. Ishikawa, D. H. Eom, and T. Ishikawa, 2000, Physica B 289-290, 47.
  138. Lenkewitz, M., S. Corsepius, G.-F. von Blanckenhagen, and G. R. Stewart, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 55, 6409.
  139. Link, P., D. Jaccard, and P. Lejay, 1996, Physica B 223-224, 303.
  140. Liu, C.-Y., D. E. MacLaughlin, A. H. Castro Neto, H. G. Lukefahr, J. D. Thompson, J. L. Sarrao, and Z. Fisk, 2000, Phys. Rev. B 61, 432.
  141. Liu, C.-Y., D. E. MacLaughlin, H. G. Lukefahr, G. Miller, K. Hui, M. B. Maple, M. C. de Andrade, and E. J. Freeman, 2000, Phys. Rev. B 62, 430.
  142. Lonzarich, G. G., 1997, in The Electron, edited by M. Springford (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York), Chap. 6.
  143. Lopez de la Torre, M. A., M. Ellerby, M. Watmough, and K. A. McEwen, 1998, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177-181, 445.
  144. Ludwig, A. W. W., and I. Affleck, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3160.
  145. MacLaughlin, D. E., O. O. Bernal, and H. G. Lukefahr, 1996, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 9855.
  146. MacLaughlin, D. E., R. H. Heffner, G. J. Nieuwenhuys, G. M. Luke, Y. Fudamoto, Y. J. Uemura, R. Chau, M. B. Maple, and B. Andraka, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 58, 11 849.
  147. Maeda, K., H. Sugawara, T. D. Matsuda, T. Namiki, Y. Aoki, H. Sato, and K. Hisatake, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 401.
  148. Maple, M. B., M. C. deAndrade, J. Herrmann, Y. Dalichaouch, D. A. Gajewski, C. L. Seaman, R. Chau, R. Movshovich, M. C. Aronson, and R. Osborn, 1995, J. Low Temp. Phys. 99, 223.
  149. Maple, M. B., R. P. Dickey, J. Herrmann, M. C. deAndrade, E. J. Freeman, D. A. Gajewski, and R. Chau, 1996, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 9773.
  150. Maple, M. B., C. L. Seaman, D. A. Gajewski, Y. Dalichaouch, V. B. Barbetta, M. C. deAndrade, H. A. Mook, H. G. Lukefahr, O. O. Bernal, and D. E. MacLaughlin, 1994, J. Low Temp. Phys. 95, 225.
  151. Mathur, N. D., F. M. Grosche, S. R. Julian, I. R. Walker, D. M. Freye, R. K. W. Haselwimmer, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1998, Nature (London) 394, 39.
  152. Mayr, F., 1997, Diplom. thesis (Universität Augsburg).
  153. Mayr, F., G.-F. von Blanckenhagen, and G. R. Stewart, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 55, 947.
  154. Millis, A. J., 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 7183.
  155. Miranda, E., V. Dobrosavljevic, and G. Kotliar, 1996, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 9871.
  156. Miranda, E., V. Dobrosavljevic, and G. Kotliar, 1997a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 290.
  157. Miranda, E., V. Dobrosavljevic, and G. Kotliar, 1997b, Physica B 230-232, 569.
  158. Moriya, T., and T. Takimoto, 1995, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 64, 960.
  159. Moriya, T., and T. Takimoto, 1998, private communication.
  160. Motrunich, O., S. C. Mau, D. A. Huse, and D. S. Fischer, 2000, Phys. Rev. B 61, 1160.
  161. Movshovich, R., T. Graf, D. Mandrus, J. D. Thompson, J. L. Smith, and Z. Fisk, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 53, 8241.
  162. Murani, A. P., A. Tari, and B. R. Coles, 1974, J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 4, 1769.
  163. Mydosh, J. A., and P. J. Ford, 1973, in Amorphous Magnetism, edited by H. O. Hooper and A. M. de Graaf (Plenum, New York), p. 237.
  164. Nakano, T., Y. Ohmori, S. Murayama, K. Hoshi, and Y. Onuki, 2000, Physica B 281-282, 346.
  165. Nakotte, H., 1994, Ph.D. thesis (University of Amsterdam).
  166. Nakotte, H., K. H. J. Buschow, E. Brück, J. C. P. Klaasse, K. Prokes, F. R. de Boer, A. V. Andreev, and A. Lacerda, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 616.
  167. Nakotte, H., K. Prokes, E. Brück, K. H. J. Buschow, F. R. de Boer, A. V. Andreev, M. C. Aronson, A. Lacerda, M. S. Torikachvili, R. A. Robinson, M. A. M. Bourke, and A. J. Schultz, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 54, 12 176.
  168. Neubert, A., T. Pietrus, O. Stockert, H. von Löhneysen, A. Rosch, and P. Wölfle, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 587.
  169. Nicklas, M., 2000, Ph.D. thesis (Universität Augsburg).
  170. Nicklas, M., M. Brando, G. Knebel, F. Mayr, W. Trinkl, and A. Loidl, 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4268.
  171. Nishigori, S., K. Fujiwara, and T. Ito, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 397.
  172. Nishioka, T., K. Mizutani, S. Taniguchi, and M. Kontani, 1998, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177-181, 451.
  173. Nozières, P., and A. Blandin, 1980, J. Phys. (France) 41, 193.
  174. Oomi, G., T. Kagayama, and Y. Onuki, 1998, J. Alloys Compd. 271-273, 482.
  175. Orlando, T., E. J. McNiff, S. Foner, and M. R. Beasley, 1979, Phys. Rev. B 19, 4545.
  176. Ott, H. R., E. Felder, and A. Bernasroni, 1993, Physica B 186-188, 207.
  177. Ott, H. R., H. Rudigier, Z. Fisk, and J. L. Smith, 1983, Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1595.
  178. Ott, H. R., H. Rudigier, Z. Fisk, and J. L. Smith, 1985, Phys. Rev. B 31, 1651.
  179. Perry, R. S., L. M. Galvin, S. A. Grigera, L. Capogna, A. J. Schofield, A. P. MacKenzie, M. Chiao, S. R. Julian, S. I. Ikeda, S. Nakatsuji, Y. Maeno, and C. Pfleiderer, 2001, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2661.
  180. Petrovic, C., R. Movshovich, M. Jaime, P. G. Pagliuso, M. F. Hundley, J. L. Sarrao, Z. Fisk, and J. D. Thompson, 2001, Europhys. Lett. 53, 354.
  181. Petrovic, C., P. G. Pagliuso, M. F. Hundley, R. Movshovich, J. L. Sarrao, J. D. Thompson, and Z. Fisk, 2001, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13, L337.
  182. Pfleiderer, C., G. J. McMullan, S. R. Julian, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 55, 8330.
  183. Pfleiderer, C., G. J. McMullan, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1994, Physica B 199-200, 634.
  184. Pietri, R., B. Andraka, R. Troc, and V. H. Tran, 1997, Phys. Rev. B 56, 14 505.
  185. Pines, D., 2000, Physica C 341-348, 59.
  186. Pinto, R. P., M. M. Amado, M. A. Salgueiro, M. E. Braga, J. B. Sousa, B. Chevalier, F. Mirambet, and J. Etourneau, 1995, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 140-144, 1371.
  187. Privman, V., and M. E. Fisher, 1983, J. Stat. Phys. 33, 385.
  188. Prokes, K., I. H. Hagmusa, P. Estrela, J. C. P. Klaasse, A. V. Andreev, V. Sechovsky, E. Brück, and F. R. de Boer, 2000, Physica B 281-282, 377.
  189. Ramirez, A. P., P. Chandra, P. Coleman, Z. Fisk, J. L. Smith, and H. R. Ott, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3018.
  190. Raymond, S., and D. Jaccard, 2000, Phys. Rev. B 61, 8679.
  191. Rivier, N., and K. Adkins, 1975, J. Phys. F: Met. Phys. 5, 1745.
  192. Rosch, A., 1999, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4280.
  193. Rosch, A., 2000, private communication.
  194. Rosch, A., A. Schröder, O. Stockert, and H. von Löhneysen, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 159.
  195. Sachdev, S., 1999, Quantum Phase Transitions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England).
  196. Sachdev, S., and N. Read, 1996, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 9723.
  197. Sachdev, S., and J. Ye, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2411.
  198. Santi, G., and T. Jarlborg, 1997, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 9, 9563.
  199. Sarrao, J. L., H. Hegger, M. Jaime, P. G. Pagliuso, C. Petrovic, Z. Fisk, M. F. Hundley, R. Movshovich, and J. D. Thompson, 2000, unpublished.
  200. Sato, H., J. Urakawa, Y. Aoki, T. Namiki, H. Sugawara, Y. Onuki, H. Amitsuka, and T. Sakakibara, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 390.
  201. Saxena, S. S., P. Agarwal, K. Ahilan, F. M. Grosche, R. K. W. Haselwimmer, M. J. Steiner, E. Pugh, I. R. Walker, S. R. Julian, P. Monthoux, G. G. Lonzarich, A. Huxley, I. Sheikin, D. Braithwaite, and J. Flouquet, 2000, Nature (London) 406, 587.
  202. Scheidt, E.-W., 2000, private communication.
  203. Scheidt, E.-W., J. S. Kim, and G. R. Stewart, 2001, unpublished.
  204. Scheidt, E.-W., T. Schreiner, K. Heuser, S. Koerner, and G. R. Stewart, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 58, R10 104.
  205. Scheidt, E.-W., T. Schreiner, K. Heuser, and G. R. Stewart, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 388.
  206. Schlabitz, W., J. Baumann, B. Pollit, U. Rauchschwalbe, H. M. Mayer, U. Ahlheim, and C. D. Bredl, 1986, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 62, 171.
  207. Schlottmann, P., and P. D. Sacramento, 1993, Adv. Phys. 42, 641.
  208. Schroeder, A., G. Aeppli, E. Bucher, R. Ramazashvili, and P. Coleman, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5623.
  209. Seaman, C. L., M. B. Maple, B. W. Lee, S. Ghamaty, M. S. Torikachvili, J.-S. Kang, L. Z. Liu, J. W. Allen, and D. L. Cox, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2882.
  210. Sengupta, A. M., and A. Georges, 1995, Phys. Rev. B 52, 10 295.
  211. Seuring, C., 2000, Ph.D. thesis (Universität Augsburg).
  212. Seuring, C., K. Heuser, E.-W. Schreiner, T. Schreiner, E. Bauer, and G. R. Stewart, 2000, Physica B 281-282, 374.
  213. Seuring, C., E.-W. Scheidt, E. Bauer, and G. R. Stewart, 2001, J. Low Temp. Phys. 123, 25.
  214. Shamir, N., M. Melamud, H. Shaked, and M. Weger, 1978, Physica B 94, 225.
  215. Shapiro, S. M., A. I. Goldman, G. Shirane, D. E. Cox, Z. Fisk, and S. L. Smith, 1985, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 52, 418.
  216. Shlyk, L., P. Estrela, J. C. Waerenborgh, L. E. DeLong, A. deVisser, D. P. Rojas, F. Gandra, and M. Almeida, 2000, Physica B 292, 89.
  217. Shlyk, L., J. C. Waerenborgh, P. Estrela, A. deVisser, L. E. DeLong, A. M. Gurevich, and M. Almeida, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 423.
  218. Si, Q., S. Rabello, K. Ingersent, and J. L. Smith, 2000, Nature (in press).
  219. Si, Q., J. L. Smith, and K. Ingersent, 1999, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 13, 2331.
  220. Sieck, M., F. Huster, and H. von Löhneysen, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 583.
  221. Sieck, M., C. Speck, M. Waffenschmidt, S. Mock, and H. von Löhneysen, 1996, Physica B 223-224, 325.
  222. Smith, J. L., and Q. Si, 2000, Phys. Rev. B 61, 5184.
  223. Sondhi, S. L., S. M. Girvin, J. P. Carini, and D. Shahar, 1997, Rev. Mod. Phys. 69, 315.
  224. Sparn, G., L. Donnevert, P. Hellman, R. Horn, F. Laube, A. Link, S. Thomas, P. Gegenwart, B. Buschinger, C. Geibel, and F. Steglich, 1998, Rev. High Pressure Sci. Technol. 7, 431.
  225. Steglich, F., J. Aarts, C. D. Bredl, W. Lieke, D. Meschede, W. Franz, and J. Schäfer, 1979, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1892.
  226. Steglich, F., B. Buschinger, P. Gegenwart, M. Lohmann, R. Helfrich, C. Langhammer, P. Hellmann, L. Donnevert, S. Thomas, A. Link, C. Geibel, M. Lang, G. Sparn, and W. Assmus, 1996, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 9909.
  227. Steglich, F., P. Gegenwart, C. Geibel, P. Hinze, M. Lang, C. Langhammer, G. Sparn, T. Tayama, O. Trovarelli, N. Sato, T. Dahm, and G. Varelogiannis, 2001, in More is Different: Fifty Years of Condensed Matter Physics, edited by N. P. Ong and R. N. Bhatt (Princeton University Press, Princeton), p. 191.
  228. Steglich, F., P. Gegenwart, C. Geibel, P. Hinze, M. Lang, C. Langhammer, G. Sparn, and O. Trovarelli, 2000, Physica B 280, 349.
  229. Steglich, F., P. Gegenwart, R. Helfrich, C. Langhammer, P. Hellman, L. Donnevert, C. Geibel, M. Lang, G. Sparn, W. Assmus, G. R. Stewart, and A. Ochiai, 1997, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 103, 235.
  230. Steglich, F., C. Geibel, K. Gloos, G. Olesch, C. Schank, C. Wassilew, A. Loidl, A. Krimmel, and G. R. Stewart, 1994, J. Low Temp. Phys. 95, 3.
  231. Sternlieb, B. J., G. Shirane, J. M. Tranquada, M. Sato, and S. Shamoto, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 47, 5320.
  232. Stewart, G. R., 1984, Rev. Mod. Phys. 56, 755.
  233. Stewart, G. R., Z. Fisk, J. L. Smith, H. R. Ott, and F. M. Mueller, 1984, in Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Low Temperature Physics, edited by U. Eckern, A. Schmid, W. Weber, and H. Wühl (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 321.
  234. Stewart, G. R., Z. Fisk, and J. Willis, 1983, Phys. Rev. B 28, 172.
  235. Stewart, G. R., A. L. Giorgi, J. O. Willis, and J. O’Rourke, 1986, Phys. Rev. B 34, 4629.
  236. Stockert, O., A. Neubert, and H. von Löhneysen, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 250.
  237. Stockert, O., H. von Löhneysen, A. Rosch, N. Pyka, and M. Loewenhaupt, 1998, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5627.
  238. Strydom, A. M., and P. d. V. Du Plessis, 1996, Physica B 223-224, 222.
  239. Süllow, S., T. J. Gortenmulder, G. J. Niewenhuys, A. A. Menovsky, and J. A. Mydosh, 1994, J. Alloys Compd. 215, 223.
  240. Takeda, N., and M. Ishikawa, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 92.
  241. Taniguchi, T., Y. Tabata, H. Tanabe, and Y. Miyako, 1998, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 177-181, 419.
  242. Thessieu, C., C. Pfleiderer, and J. Flouquet, 1997, Physica B 239, 67.
  243. Thompson, J., R. D. Parks, and H. Borges, 1986, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 54-57, 377.
  244. Thompson, J. D., R. Movshovich, Z. Fisk, F. Bouquet, N. J. Curro, R. A. Fisher, P. C. Hammel, H. Hegger, M. F. Hundley, M. Jaime, P. G. Pagliuso, C. Petrovic, N. E. Phillips, and J. L. Sarrao, 2001, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 226-230, 5.
  245. Trainor, R. J., M. B. Brodsky, and H. V. Culbert, 1975, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 1019.
  246. Trinkl, W., 1996, Diplom. thesis (Universität Augsburg).
  247. Trinkl, W., S. Corsepius, E. Guha, and G. R. Stewart, 1996, Europhys. Lett. 35, 207.
  248. Trinkl, W., U. Weilnhammer, S. Corsepius, T. Schreiner, E.-W. Scheidt, and G. R. Stewart, 1996, Phys. Rev. B 54, 1163.
  249. Trovarelli, O., C. Geibel, C. Langhammer, S. Mederle, P. Gegenwart, F. M. Grosche, M. Lang, G. Sparn, and F. Steglich, 2000, Physica B 281-282, 372.
  250. Trovarelli, O., C. Geibel, S. Mederle, C. Langhammer, F. M. Grosche, P. Gegenwart, M. Lang, G. Sparn, and F. Steglich, 2000, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 626.
  251. Tsvelik, A., 2000, private communication.
  252. Tsvelik, A., and M. Reizer, 1993, Phys. Rev. B 48, 9887.
  253. Tsvelik, A., and P. B. Wiegmann, 1984, Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter 54, 201.
  254. Umeo, K., H. Kadomatsu, and T. Takabatake, 1996a, Phys. Rev. B 54, 1194.
  255. Umeo, K., H. Kadomatsu, and T. Takabatake, 1996b, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 9743.
  256. Umeo, K., T. Pietrus, H. von Löhneysen, and T. Takabatake, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 407.
  257. Umeo, K., T. Takabatake, H. Ohmoto, T. Pietrus, H. von Löhneysen, K. Koyama, S. Hane, and T. Goto, 1998, Phys. Rev. B 58, 12 095.
  258. Vollmer, R., S. Mock, T. Pietrus, H. von Löhneysen, R. Chau, and M. B. Maple, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 603.
  259. von Blanckenhagen, G.-F., E.-W. Scheidt, T. Schreiner, and G. R. Stewart, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 64, 064413.
  260. von Löhneysen, H., 1996, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 8, 9689.
  261. von Löhneysen, H., 1999, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 200, 532.
  262. von Löhneysen, H., F. Huster, S. Mock, A. Neubert, T. Pietrus, M. Sieck, O. Stockert, and M. Waffenschmidt, 1997, Physica B 230-232, 550.
  263. von Löhneysen, H., C. Pfleiderer, T. Pietrus, O. Stockert, and B. Will, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 63, 134411.
  264. von Löhneysen, H., T. Pietrus, G. Portisch, H. G. Schlager, A. Schröder, M. Sieck, and T. Trappmann, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3262.
  265. Walker, I. R., F. M. Grosche, D. M. Freye, and G. G. Lonzarich, 1997, Physica C 282-287, 303.
  266. Weber, A., S. Koerner, E.-W. Scheidt, S. Kehrein, and G. R. Stewart, 2001, Phys. Rev. B 63, 205116.
  267. Weilnhammer, U., 1997, Diplom. thesis (Universität Augsburg).
  268. Wilhelm, H., and D. Jaccard, 1998, Solid State Commun. 106, 239.
  269. Wilhelm, H., and D. Jaccard, 1999, Physica B 259-261, 79.
  270. Willis, J. O., 1988, J. Appl. Phys. 64, 5613.
  271. Wu, W. D., A. Keren, L. P. Le, G. M. Luke, B. J. Sternlieb, Y. J. Uemura, C. L. Seaman, Y. Dalichaouch, and M. B. Maple, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3722.
  272. Zülicke, U., and A. J. Millis, 1995, Phys. Rev. B 51, 8996.

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 73, 797– Published 31 October, 2001

    © 2001 American Physical Society

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation