- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Dynamical supersymmetry breaking

Yael Shadmi and Yuri Shirman

Yael Shadmi

  • Department of Particle Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
  • Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544

Yuri Shirman

  • Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544

PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 25 – Published 1 January, 2000

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.72.25

Abstract

Supersymmetry is one of the most plausible and theoretically motivated frameworks for extending the standard model. However, any supersymmetry in Nature must be a broken symmetry. Dynamical supersymmetry breaking (DSB) is an attractive idea for incorporating supersymmetry into a successful description of Nature. The study of DSB has recently enjoyed dramatic progress, fueled by advances in our understanding of the dynamics of supersymmetric field theories. These advances have allowed for direct analysis of DSB in strongly coupled theories, and for the discovery of new DSB theories, some of which contradict early criteria for DSB. The authors review these criteria, emphasizing recently discovered exceptions. They also describe, through many examples, various techniques for directly establishing DSB by studying the infrared theory, including both older techniques in regions of weak coupling and new techniques in regions of strong coupling. Finally, they present a list of representative DSB models, their main properties, and the relations among them.

View figure in article

References (101)

  1. Affleck, I., M. Dine, and N. Seiberg, 1984a, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking in Supersymmetric QCD,” Nucl. Phys. B 241, 493–534.
  2. Affleck, I., M. Dine, and N. Seiberg, 1984b, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking in Chiral Theories,” Phys. Lett. 137B, 187–192.
  3. Affleck, I., M. Dine, and N. Seiberg, 1984c, “Exponential Hierarchy from Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” Phys. Lett. 140B, 59–62.
  4. Affleck, I., M. Dine, and N. Seiberg, 1984d, “Calculable Nonperturbative Supersymmetry Breaking,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1677–1680.
  5. Affleck, I., M. Dine, and N. Seiberg, 1985, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking in Four Dimensions and its Phenomenological Implications,” Nucl. Phys. B 256, 557–599.
  6. Amati, D., G. Rossi, and G. Veneziano, 1985, “Instanton Effects in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories,” Nucl. Phys. B 249, 1–41.
  7. Arkani-Hamed, N., M. Dine, and S. P. Martin, 1998, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking in Models with a Green-Schwarz Mechanism,” Phys. Lett. B 431, 329–338.
  8. Arkani-Hamed, N., J. March-Russell, and H. Murayama, 1998, “Building Models Of Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking Without A Messenger Sector,” Nucl. Phys. B 509, 3–2.
  9. Arkani-Hamed, N., and H. Murayama, 1998, “Renormalization Group Invariance of Exact Results in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories,” Phys. Rev. D 57, 6638–6648.
  10. Bagger, J., E. Poppitz, and L. Randall, 1994, “The R-axion from Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” Nucl. Phys. B 426, 3–18.
  11. Bagger, J., and J. Wess, 1991, Supersymmetry and Supergravity, 2nd ed. (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey).
  12. f⋅j∈{2,4},k∈{1,…,4}.Bagger, J., and E. Witten, 1982, “Quantization of Newton’s Constant in Certain Supergravity Theories,” Phys. Lett. 115B, 202–206.
  13. Berkooz, M., 1996, “The Dual of Supersymmetric SU(2K) with an Antisymmetric Tensor and Composite Dualities,” Nucl. Phys. B 466, 75–84.
  14. Binetruy, P., and E. Dudas, 1996, “Gaugino Condensation and the Anomalous U(1),” Phys. Lett. B 389, 503–509.
  15. Brodie, J., P. Cho, and K. Intriligator, 1998, “Misleading Anomaly Matchings?,” Phys. Lett. B 429, 319–326.
  16. Chacko, Z., M. A. Luty, and E. Ponton, 1998, “Calculable Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking on Deformed Moduli Spaces,” J. High Energy Phys. 12, 016.
  17. Cheng, C.-H., and Y. Shadmi, 1998, “Duality in the Presence of Supersymmetry Breaking,” Nucl. Phys. B 531, 125–150.
  18. Chou, C.-L., 1997, “Models of Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking from a SU(2K+3) Gauge Model,” Phys. Lett. B 391, 329–334.
  19. Clark, T. E., O. Piguet, and K. Sibold, 1979, “The Absence of Radiative Corrections to the Axial Current Anomaly in Supersymmetric QED,” Nucl. Phys. B 159, 1–15.
  20. Cordes, S., 1986, “The Instanton-Induced Superpotential in Supersymmetric QCD,” Nucl. Phys. B 273, 629–648.
  21. Csaki, C., R. Leigh, L. Randall, and W. Skiba, 1996, “Supersymmetry Breaking through Confining and Dual Theory Gauge Dynamics,” Phys. Lett. B 387, 791–795.
  22. Csaki, C., L. Randall, and W. Skiba, 1996, “More Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” Nucl. Phys. B 479, 65–81.
  23. Csaki, C., M. Schmaltz, and W. Skiba, 1997a, “Exact Results and Duality for SP(2N) SUSY Gauge Theories with an Antisymmetric Tensor,” Nucl. Phys. B 487, 128–140.
  24. Csaki, C., M. Schmaltz, and W. Skiba, 1997b, “Confinement in N=1 SUSY Gauge Theories and Model Building Tools,” Phys. Rev. D 55, 7840–7858.
  25. Csaki, C., M. Schmaltz, and W. Skiba, 1997c, “A Systematic Approach to Confinement in N=1 Supersymmetric Gauge Theories,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 799–802.
  26. de Boer, J., K. Hori, H. Ooguri, and Y. Oz, 1998, “Branes and Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” Nucl. Phys. B 522, 20–68.
  27. Dimopoulos, S., M. Dine, S. Raby, and S. Thomas, 1996, “Experimental Signatures of Low-Energy Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3494–3497.
  28. Dimopoulos, S., G. Dvali, R. Rattazzi, and G. Giudice, 1998, “Dynamical Soft Terms with Unbroken Supersymmetry,” Nucl. Phys. B 510, 12–38.
  29. Dimopoulos, S., and H. Georgi, 1981, “Softly Broken Supersymmetry and SU(5),” Nucl. Phys. B 193, 150–162.
  30. Dine, M., A. Nelson, Y. Nir, and Y. Shirman, 1996, “New Tools for Low-Energy Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” Phys. Rev. D 53, 2658–2669.
  31. Dine, M., A. Nelson, and Y. Shirman, 1995, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking Simplified,” Phys. Rev. D 51, 1362–1370.
  32. Dvali, G., and Z. Kakushadze, 1998, “Dynamical Flavor Hierarchy and Heavy Top,” Phys. Lett. B 426, 78–81.
  33. Dvali, D., and A. Pomarol, 1996, “Anomalous U(1) as a Mediator of Supersymmetry Breaking,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3728–3731.
  34. Einhorn, M. B., and D. T. R. Jones, 1983, “Absence of Goldstino Decoupling in Hierarchical Superunified Models,” Phys. Lett. 128B, 174–178.
  35. Fayet, P., 1975, “Spontaneous Supersymmetry Breaking without Gauge Invariance,” Phys. Lett. 58B, 67–70.
  36. Fayet, P., and J. Iliopoulos, 1974, “Spontaneously Broken Supergauge Symmetries and Goldstone Spinors,” Phys. Lett. 51B, 461–464.
  37. Ferrara, S., L. Girardello, and F. Palumbo, 1979, “A General Mass Formula in Broken Supersymmetry,” Phys. Rev. D 20, 403–408.
  38. Ferrara, S., J. Iliopoulos, and B. Zumino, 1974, “Supergauge Invariance and the Gell-Mann-Low Eigenvalue,” Nucl. Phys. B 77, 413–419.
  39. Fischler, W., H. P. Nilles, J. Polchinski, S. Raby, and L. Susskind, 1981, “Vanishing Renormalization of the D-term in Supersymmetric U(1) Theories,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 757–759.
  40. Giudice, G. F., and R. Rattazzi, 1998, “Theories with Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking,” eprint hep-ph/9801271.
  41. Green, M., and J. Schwarz, 1984, “Anomaly Cancellations in Supersymmetric D=10 Gauge Theory Require SO(32),” Phys. Lett. 149B, 117–122.
  42. Grisaru, M. T., M. Rocek, and W. Siegel, 1979, “Improved Methods for Supergraphs,” Nucl. Phys. B 159, 429–450.
  43. Huq, M., 1976, “Spontaneous Breakdown of Fermion Number Conservation and Supersymmetry,” Phys. Rev. D 14, 3548–3556.
  44. Intriligator, K., and P. Pouliot, 1995, “Exact Superpotentials, Quantum Vacua and Duality in SP(Nc) Gauge Theories,” Phys. Lett. B 353, 471–476.
  45. Intriligator, K., and N. Seiberg, 1994, “Phases of N=1 Supersymmetric Gauge Theories in Four Dimensions,” Nucl. Phys. B 431, 551–565.
  46. Intriligator, K., and N. Seiberg, 1996, “Lectures on Supersymmetric Gauge Theories and Electric-Magnetic Duality,” Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 45B,C, 1–28.
  47. Intriligator, K., N. Seiberg, and S. Shenker, 1995, “Proposal for a Simple Model of Dynamical SUSY Breaking,” Phys. Lett. B 342, 152–154.
  48. Intriligator, K., and S. Thomas, 1996a, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking on Quantum Moduli Spaces,” Nucl. Phys. B 473, 121–140.
  49. Intriligator, K., and S. Thomas, 1996b, “Dual Descriptions of Supersymmetry Breaking,” eprint hep-th/9608046.
  50. Izawa, K.-I., and T. Yanagida, 1996, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking in Vector-like Gauge Theories,” Prog. Theor. Phys. 95, 829–830.
  51. Konishi, K., 1984, “Anomalous Supersymmetry Transformation of Some Composite Operators in SQCD,” Phys. Lett. 135B, 439–449.
  52. Kovner, K., and M. Shifman, 1997, “Chirally Symmetric Phase of Supersymmetric Gluodynamics,” Phys. Rev. D 56, 2396–2402.
  53. Leigh, R., L. Randall, and R. Rattazzi, 1997, “Unity of Supersymmetry Breaking Models,” Nucl. Phys. B 501, 375–408.
  54. Luty, M., and W. Taylor, 1996, “Varieties of Vacua in Classical Supersymmetric Gauge Theories,” Phys. Rev. D 53, 3399–3405.
  55. Luty, M., and J. Terning, 1998, “New Mechanisms of Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking and Direct Gauge Mediation,” Phys. Rev. D 57, 6799–6806.
  56. Lykken, J., E. Poppitz, and S. Trivedi, 1999, “Branes with GUTs and Supersymmetry Breaking,” Nucl. Phys. B 543, 105–121.
  57. Meurice, Y., and G. Veneziano, 1984, “SUSY Vacua versus Chiral Fermions,” Phys. Lett. 141B, 69–72.
  58. Murayama, H., 1995, “Studying Non-calculable Models of Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” Phys. Lett. B 355, 187–192.
  59. Murayama, H., 1997, “A Model of Direct Gauge Mediation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 18–21.
  60. Nelson, A., 1998, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. 62, 261–265.
  61. Nelson, A., and N. Seiberg, 1994, “R-symmetry Breaking versus Supersymmetry Breaking,” Nucl. Phys. B 416, 46–62.
  62. Nelson, A., and S. Thomas, 1996 (unpublished).
  63. Nilles, H. P., 1984, “Supersymmetry, Supergravity and Particle Physics,” Phys. Rep. 110, 1–159.
  64. Novikov, V., M. Shifman, A. Vainshtein, and V. Zakharov, 1983, “Exact Gell-Mann-Low Function of Supersymmetric Theories from Instanton Calculus,” Nucl. Phys. B 229, 381–393.
  65. O’Raifeartaigh, L., 1975, “Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking for Chiral Scalar Superfields,” Nucl. Phys. B 96, 331–352.
  66. Peskin, M., 1997, “Duality in Supersymmetric Yang Mills Theory,” in Fields, Strings and Duality, edited by C. Efthimiou and B. Greene (World Scientific, New York).
  67. Polchinski, J., 1983, “Effective Potentials for Supersymmetric Three-scale Hierarchies,” Phys. Rev. D 27, 1320–1330.
  68. Poppitz, E., 1998, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking: Why and How,” Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 13, 3051–3080.
  69. Poppitz, E., and L. Randall, 1996, “Low-Energy Kähler Potentials in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories with (Almost) Flat Directions,” Phys. Lett. B 336, 402–408.
  70. Poppitz, E., Y. Shadmi, and S. Trivedi, 1996a, “Duality and Exact Results in Product Group Theories,” Nucl. Phys. B 480, 125–169.
  71. Poppitz, E., Y. Shadmi, and S. Trivedi, 1996b, “Supersymmetry Breaking and Duality in SU(N)×SU(N−M) Gauge Theories,” Phys. Lett. B 388, 561–568.
  72. Poppitz, E., and S. Trivedi, 1996, “Some Examples of Chiral Moduli Spaces and Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” Phys. Lett. B 365, 125–131.
  73. Poppitz, E., and S. Trivedi, 1997, “New Models of Gauge and Gravity Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking,” Phys. Rev. D 55, 5508–5519.
  74. Poppitz, E., and S.P. Trivedi, 1998, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” eprint hep-th/9803107.
  75. Pouliot, P., 1996, “Duality in SUSY SU(N) with an Antisymmetric Tensor,” Phys. Lett. B 367, 151–156.
  76. Pouliot, P., and M. Strassler, 1996, “Duality and Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking in Spin(10) with a Spinor,” Phys. Lett. B 375, 175–180.
  77. Salam, A., and J. Strathdee, 1974, “On Goldstone Fermions,” Phys. Lett. 49B, 465.
  78. Seiberg, N., 1993, “Naturalness Versus Supersymmetric Non-renormalization Theorems,” Phys. Lett. B 318, 469–475.
  79. Seiberg, N., 1994, “Exact Results on the Space of Vacua of Four-Dimensional SUSY Gauge Theories,” Phys. Rev. D 49, 6857–6863.
  80. Seiberg, N., 1995, “Electric-Magnetic Duality in Supersymmetric Nonabelian Gauge Theories,” Nucl. Phys. B 435, 129–146.
  81. Seiberg, N., and E. Witten, 1994a, “Electric-Magnetic Duality, Monopole Condensation, and Confinement in N=2 Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory,” Nucl. Phys. B 426, 19–52; 1994a430, 485–486.
  82. Seiberg, N., and E. Witten, 1994b, “Monopoles, Duality and Chiral Symmetry Breaking in N=2 Supersymmetric QCD,” Nucl. Phys. B 431, 484–550.
  83. Shadmi, Y., 1997, “Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking without Fundamental Singlets,” Phys. Lett. B 405, 99–107.
  84. Shifman, M., 1997, “Nonperturbative Dynamics in Supersymmetric Theories,” Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 39, 1–116.
  85. Shifman, M., and A. Vainshtein, 1986, “Solution of the Anomaly Puzzle in SUSY Gauge Theories and the Wilson Operator Expansion,” Nucl. Phys. B 277, 456–486.
  86. Shifman, M., and A. Vainshtein, 1988, “On Gluino Condensation in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories. SU(N) and O(N) Groups,” Nucl. Phys. B 296, 445–461.
  87. Shifman, M., and A. Vainshtein, 1991, “On Holomorphic Dependence and Infrared Effects in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories,” Nucl. Phys. B 359, 571–580.
  88. Shifman, M., and A. Vainshtein, 1999, “Instantons versus Supersymmetry: Fifteen Years Later,” eprint hep-th/9902018.
  89. Shirman, Y., 1996, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking versus Run-away Behavior in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories,” Phys. Lett. B 389, 287–293.
  90. Skiba, W., 1997, “Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” Mod. Phys. Lett. A 12, 737–750.
  91. Stump, D. R., M. Wiest, and C. P. Yuan, 1996, “Detecting a Light Gravitino at Linear Collider to Probe the SUSY Breaking Scale,” Phys. Rev. D 54, 1936–1943.
  92. ’t Hooft, G., 1980, in Recent Developments in Gauge Theories, edited by G. ’t Hooft et al. (Plenum New York).
  93. ter Veldhuis, T., 1996, “The Mass Spectrum in a Model with Calculable Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” Phys. Lett. B 367, 157–162.
  94. ter Veldhuis, T., 1998, “Low Energy Behavior of Some Models with Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” Phys. Rev. D 58, 015010.
  95. Thomas, S., 1998, “Recent Developments in Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking,” eprint hep-th/9801007.
  96. Wess, J., and B. Zumino, 1974, “A Lagrangian Model Invariant under Supergauge Transformations,” Phys. Lett. 49B, 52–54.
  97. Witten, E., 1981a, “Dynamical Breaking of Supersymmetry,” Nucl. Phys. B 188, 513–554.
  98. Witten, E., 1981b, “Mass Hierarchies in Supersymmetric Theories,” Phys. Lett. 105B, 267–271.
  99. Witten, E., 1982, “Constraints on Supersymmetry Breaking,” Nucl. Phys. B 202, 253–316.
  100. Witten, E., 1998, “Toroidal Compactifications without Vector Structure,” J. High Energy Phys. 02, 006.
  101. Zumino, B., 1982, “Spontaneous Breaking of Supersymmetry,” in Unified Theories of Elementry Particles. Critical Assessment and Prospects, Proceedings of the Heisenberg Symposium, 1981 (Springer, Berlin), pp. 137–144.

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 25– Published 1 January, 2000

    © 2000 American Physical Society

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation