- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Laser physics: Quantum controversy in action

W. E. Lamb, W. P. Schleich, M. O. Scully, and C. H. Townes

W. E. Lamb

  • Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721

W. P. Schleich

  • Abteilung für Quantenphysik, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany

M. O. Scully

  • Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
  • Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

C. H. Townes

  • Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720

PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, S263 – Published 1 March, 1999

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.71.S263

Abstract

We summarize the history and discuss quantum subtleties of maser/laser physics from early days until the present.

View figure in article

References (76)

  1. Arimondo, E., 1996, in Progress in Optics, edited by E. Wolf (North-Holland, Amsterdam), Vol. 35, p. 257.
  2. An, K., J.J. Childs, R.R. Desari, and M.S. Feld, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3375.
  3. Basov, N.G., and A.M. Prokhorov, 1955, Dokl. Akad. Nauk 101, 47.
  4. Basov, N.G., B.M. Vul, and Yu.M. Popov, 1959, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 37, 587 [Sov. Phys. JETP10, 416].
  5. Becker, G.E., and S.H. Autler, 1946, Phys. Rev. 70, 300.
  6. Bloembergen, N., 1956, Phys. Rev. 104, 324.
  7. Brau, C.A., 1990, Free-Electron Lasers (Academic Press, Orlando).
  8. Caves, C.M., 1981, Phys. Rev. D 23, 1693.
  9. Chow, W.W., J. Gea-Banacloche, L. Pedrotti, V. Sanders, W. Schleich, and M.O. Scully, 1985, Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 61.
  10. Cleeton, C.E., and N.H. Williams, 1934, Phys. Rev. 45, 234.
  11. Combrisson, J., A. Honig, and C.H. Townes, 1956, Phys. Rev. 242, 2451.
  12. De Martini, F., M. Marrocco, P. Mataloni, and D. Murra, 1993, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10(2), 360.
  13. Dennison, D.M., and G. E. Uhlenbeck, 1932, Phys. Rev. 41, 313.
  14. DiGiorgio, V., and M.O. Scully, 1970, Phys. Rev. A 2, 1170.
  15. Glauber, R., 1964, in Quantum Optics and Electronics, edited by C. DeWitt, A. Blandin, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji (Gordon and Breach, New York).
  16. Gordon, J.P., H.J. Zeiger, and C.H. Townes, 1954, Phys. Rev.95, 282L.
  17. Gordon, J.P., H.J. Zeiger, and C.H. Townes, 1955, Phys. Rev. 99, 1264.
  18. Graham, R., and H. Haken, 1970, Z. Phys. 237, 31.
  19. Grangier, P., E. Giacobino, and P. Tombesi, 1995, Eds. Nonclassical Light, J. Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 7, 499.
  20. Haken, H., 1970, Laser Theory in Encyclopedia of Physics Vol. XXV/2c, edited by S. Flügge (Springer, Berlin).
  21. Hall, R.N., G.E. Fenner, J.D. Kingsley, T.J. Soltys, and R.O. Carlson, 1962, Phys. Rev. Lett. 9, 366.
  22. Harnwell, G. P., 1938, Principles of Electricity and Electromagnetism (McGraw-Hill, New York).
  23. Haroche, S., 1998, Phys. Today 51(7), 36.
  24. Haroche, S., and J.-M. Raimond, 1994, in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics, Adv. At. Mol., and Opt. Phys., Suppl. 2, edited by P.R. Berman (Academic Press, New York), p. 123.
  25. Harris, S.E., 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1033.
  26. Harris, S.E., 1997, Phys. Today 50(7), 36.
  27. Hopf, F.A., P. Meystre, M.O. Scully, and W.H. Louisell, 1976, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 1342.
  28. Javan, A., W.R. Bennett, and D.R. Herriott, 1961, Phys. Rev. Lett. 6, 106.
  29. Kimble, H.J., Q.A. Turchette, N.Ph. Georgiades, C.J. Hood, W. Lange, H. Mabuchi, E.S. Polzik, and D.W. Vernooy, 1996, in Coherence and Quantum Optics VII, edited by J.H. Eberly, L. Mandel, and E. Wolf (Plenum Press, New York), p. 203.
  30. Kimble, H.J., and D.F. Walls, 1987, Eds., Squeezed States of the Electromagnetic Field, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 4, 1450.
  31. Kneer, B., T. Wong, K. Vogel, W.P. Schleich, and D.F. Walls, 1998, Phys. Rev. A 58, 4841.
  32. Kocharovskaya, O., and Ya. I. Khanin, 1988, Pis’ma Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 48, 581 [JETP Lett. 48, 630].
  33. Ladenburg, R., 1933, Rev. Mod. Phys. 5, 243.
  34. Lamb, W.E., 1946, Phys. Rev. 70, 308.
  35. Lamb, W.E., 1960, in Lectures in Theoretical Physics, edited by W.E. Brittin and B.W. Downs (Interscience Publishers, New York), Vol. 2.
  36. Lamb, W.E., 1964a, in Quantum Optics and Electronics, edited by C. DeWitt, A. Blandin, and C. Cohen-Tannoudji (Gordon and Breach, New York).
  37. Lamb, W.E., 1964b, Phys. Rev. 134, A1429.
  38. Lamb, W.E., 1984, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 20, 551.
  39. Lamb, W.E., 1995, Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 60, 77.
  40. Lamb, W.E., and R.C. Retherford, 1950, Phys. Rev. 79, 549.
  41. Lax, M., 1965, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Quantum Electronics, Puerto Rico 1965, edited by P.L. Kelley, B. Lax, and P. Tannenwald (McGraw Hill, New York).
  42. Lewis, G.N., 1926, Nature (London) 118, 874.
  43. Louisell, W.H., 1973, Quantum Statistical Properties of Radiation (Wiley, New York).
  44. Maiman, T.H., 1960, Nature (London)187, 493.
  45. Mandel, L., and E. Wolf, 1970, Selected Papers on Coherence and Fluctuations of Light (Dover, New York).
  46. McFarlane, R.A., W.R. Bennett, and W.E. Lamb, 1963, Appl. Phys. Lett.2, 189.
  47. Meystre, P., 1992, in Progress in Optics, edited by E. Wolf (North-Holland, Amsterdam), Vol. 30, p. 263.
  48. Raithel, G., C. Wagner, H. Walther, L. Narducci, and M.O. Scully, 1994, in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics, Adv. At. Mol., and Opt. Phys., Suppl. 2, edited by P.R. Berman (Academic Press, New York), p. 57.
  49. Reppy, J.D., 1992, J. Low Temp. Phys. 87, 205.
  50. Risken, H., 1965, Z. Phys. 186, 85.
  51. Risken, H., 1984, The Fokker Planck Equation (Springer, Heidelberg).
  52. Sargent, M., M.O. Scully, and W.E. Lamb, 1974, Laser Physics (Addison-Wesley, Reading).
  53. Schawlow, A.L., and C.H. Townes, 1958, Phys. Rev. 112, 1940.
  54. Schleich, W., and S.M. Barnett, 1993, Quantum Phase and Phase Dependent Measurements, Phys. Scr. T48, 3.
  55. Schleich, W., and M.O. Scully, 1984, in Modern Trends in Atomic Physics, edited by G. Grynberg, and R. Stora (North-Holland, Amsterdam).
  56. Schleich, W., and M.O. Scully, 1988, Phys. Rev. A 37, 1261.
  57. Scully, M.O., W.E. Lamb, and M.J. Stephen, 1965, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Quantum Electronics, Puerto Rico, 1965, edited by P.L. Kelley, B. Lax, and P. Tannenwald (McGraw Hill, New York).
  58. Scully, M.O., and W.E. Lamb, 1967, Phys. Rev. 159, 208.
  59. Scully, M.O., 1985, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2802.
  60. Scully, M.O., G.M. Meyer, and H. Walther, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4144.
  61. Scully, M.O., S.-Y. Zhu, and A. Gavrielides, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2813.
  62. Scully, M.O., and M.S. Zubairy, 1997, Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
  63. Serber, R., and C. H. Townes, 1960, Quantum Electronics, edited by C. H. Townes (Columbia University, New York).
  64. Shimoda, K., T.C. Wang, and C.H. Townes, 1956, Phys. Rev. 102, 1308.
  65. Shimoda, K., H. Takahasi, and C.H. Townes, 1957, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 12, 686.
  66. Siegman, A.E., 1986, Lasers (University Science Books, Mill Valley).
  67. Steiner, I., and P.E. Toschek, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4639.
  68. Szöke, A., and A. Javan, 1963, Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 521.
  69. Tolman, R.C., 1924, Phys. Rev. 23, 693.
  70. Townes, C.H., 1946, Phys. Rev. 70, 665.
  71. Townes, C.H., 1999, How the Laser Happened; Adventures of a Scientist (Oxford University, Oxford).
  72. Van Vleck, J.H., and V.F. Weisskopf, 1945, Rev. Mod. Phys. 17, 227.
  73. Walther, H., 1992, Phys. Rep. 219, 263.
  74. Weber, J., 1953, IRE Trans. Electron Devices 3, 1.
  75. Winters, M.P., J.L. Hall, and P.E. Toschek, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3116.
  76. Yamamoto, Y., and R.E. Slusher, 1993, Phys. Today46(6), 66.

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, S263– Published 1 March, 1999

    © 1999 American Physical Society

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation