Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Results from deuterium-tritium tokamak confinement experiments

R. J. Hawryluk

R. J. Hawryluk

  • Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543

Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 537 – Published 1 April, 1998

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.70.537

Abstract

Recent scientific and technical progress in magnetic fusion experiments has resulted in the achievement of plasma parameters (density and temperature) which made possible the production of significant bursts of fusion power from deuterium-tritium fuels and the first studies of the physics of burning plasmas. The key scientific issues in studying the reacting plasma core are plasma confinement, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability, and the confinement and loss of energetic fusion products from the reacting fuel ions. Progress in the development of regimes of operation that both have good confinement and are MHD stable has made possible a broad study of problems in burning-plasma physics. The technical and scientific results from deuterium-tritium experiments on the Joint European Torus (JET) and the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) are reviewed, with particular emphasis on alpha-particle physics issues.

References (342)

  1. Adler, H. G., K. W. Hill, A. T. Ramsey, and W. Tighe, 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 66, 904.
  2. Anderson, J. L., et al., 1995a, Third International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology, Los AngelesFusion Eng. Des. 28, 209.
  3. Anderson, J. L., et al., 1995b, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 2, p. 681.
  4. Andrew, P., et al., 1993, Nucl. Fusion 33, 1389.
  5. Artsimovich, L. A., 1972, Nucl. Fusion 12, 215.
  6. Arunasalam, V., 1997a, J. Plasma Phys. 58, 287.
  7. Arunasalam, V., 1997b, J. Plasma Phys. 57, 523.
  8. Arunasalam, V., and G. J. Greene, 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3119.
  9. Arunasalam, V., G. J. Greene, and K. M. Young, 1994, Nucl. Fusion 34, 927.
  10. ASDEX Team, 1959, Nucl. Fusion 29, 1959.
  11. Aymar, R., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 3.
  12. Bak, P., B. Balet, A. Cherubini, J. G. Cordey, N. Deliyankis, M. Erba, V. V. Parail, L. Porte, E. M. Springmann, A. Taroni, and G. Vayakis, 1996, Nucl. Fusion 36, 321
  13. Balet, B., et al., 1993, Nucl. Fusion 33, 1345.
  14. Barnes, C. W., M. G. Bell, H. W. Hendel, D. L. Jassby, D. Mikkelsen, A. L. Roquemore, S. D. Scott, J. S. Strachan, and M. C. Zarnstorff, 1990, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 3151.
  15. Barnes, C. W., A. R. Larson, G. LeMunyan, and M. J. Loughlin, 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 888.
  16. Barnes, C. W., et al., 1996, Phys. Plasmas 3, 4521.
  17. Bateman, G., 1978, MHD Instabilities (MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts).
  18. Bateman, G., J. E. Kinsey, A. H. Kritz, A. J. Redd, and J. Weiland, 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 2, p. 559
  19. Bateman, G., J. Weiland, H. Nordman, J. Kinsey, and C. Singer, 1995, Phys. Scr. 51, 597.
  20. Batha, S. H., F. M. Levinton, D. A. Spong, R. V. Budny, Z. Y. Chang, D. S. Darrow, E. D. Fredrickson, G. Y. Fu, E. Mazzucato, R. Nazikian, and S. J. Zweben, 1995a, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1463.
  21. Batha, S. H., F. M. Levinton, M. C. Zarnstorff, and G. L. Schmidt, 1995b, in 22nd European Physical Society Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Heating, Bournemouth, UK (European Physical Society, Petit-Lancy, Switzerland), Part II, p. 113.
  22. Bathke, C. G., and the Aries Research Team 1994, Fusion Technol. 26, 1163.
  23. Beer, M., et al., 1997, Phys. Plasmas 4, 1792.
  24. Bell, A. C., M. Wykes, and B. J. Green, 1992, Fusion Eng. Des. 19, 169.
  25. Bell, M. G., et al., 1988, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference, Nice, 1989 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 27.
  26. Bell, M. G., et al., 1994, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 171.
  27. Bell, M. G., et al., 1995, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1429.
  28. Bell, M. G., 1997, Phys. Plasmas 4, 1714.
  29. Berk, H. L., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 2. p. 439.
  30. Bessenrodt-Weberpals, M., et al., 1993, Nucl. Fusion 33, 1205.
  31. Bickerton, R. J., et al., 1971, Nature (London), Phys. Sci. 224, 110.
  32. Biglari, H., and L. Chen, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3681.
  33. Biglari, H., P. Diamond, and P. Terry, 1990, Phys. Fluids B 2, 1.
  34. Biglari, H., M. Ono, P. H. Diamond, and G. G. Craddock, 1992, in Proceedings of the Ninth Topical Conference on Radio-Frequency Power in Plasmas, Charleston, AIP Conf. Proc. No. 244 (AIP, New York), p. 376.
  35. Boivin, R. L., et al., 1993, Nucl. Fusion 33, 449.
  36. Borrass, K., 1986, Phys. Scr. T16, 107.
  37. Bosch, Hans-Stephan, and G. M. Hale, 1992, Nucl. Fusion 32, 611.
  38. Budny, R. V., 1994, Nucl. Fusion 34, 1247.
  39. Budny R. V., et al., 1994, in Proceedings of the 21st EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Montpellier, VT, edited by E. Joffrin, P. Platz, and P. E. Stott (European Physical Society, Petit Lancy), Vol. 1, p. 82.
  40. Budny, R. V., et al., 1995, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1497.
  41. Burrell, K. H., 1994, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 36, A291.
  42. Burrell, K. H., 1997, Phys. Plasmas, 41499.
  43. Bush, C. E., et al., 1994, in Proceedings of the 21st EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Montpellier, VT, edited by E. Joffrin, P. Platz, and P. E. Stott (European Physical Society, Petit Lancy), Vol. 18B, p. 354.
  44. Bush, C. E., et al., 1995, Phys. Plasmas 2, 2366.
  45. Bush, C. E., et al., 1996, in Proceedings of the Plasma Surface Interaction Conference, 1996, PPPL Report 3207.
  46. Busigin, A., C. J. Busigin, J. R. Robins, K. B. Woodall, D. G. Bellamy, C. Fong, K. Kalyanam, and S. K. Sood, 1995, Fusion Technol. 28, 1312.
  47. Caldwell-Nichols, C. J., R. Russ, A. C. Bell, N. Davies, A. D. Haigh, H. D. Jones, and L. Serio, 1992, Fusion Eng. Des. 19, 149.
  48. Carlstrom, T. N., 1996, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 38, 1149.
  49. Cauffman, S., R. Majeski, K. G. McClements, and R. O. Dendy, 1995, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1597.
  50. Challis, C. D., et al., 1989, Nucl. Fusion 29, 563.
  51. Chang, Z., J. D. Callen, E. D. Fredrickson, R. V. Budny, C. C. Hegna, K. M. McGuire, and M. Zarnstorff, 1995a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4663.
  52. Chang, Z., et al., 1994, Nucl. Fusion 34, 1309.
  53. Chang, Z., et al., 1995b, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1469.
  54. Chang, Z., et al., 1996a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3553.
  55. Chang, Z., et al., 1996b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1071.
  56. Chang, Z., et al., 1997, Phys. Plasmas 4, 1610.
  57. Cheng, C. Z., 1991, Phys. Fluids B 3, 2463.
  58. Cheng, C. Z., and M. S. Chance, 1986, Phys. Fluids 29, 3695.
  59. Cheng, C. Z., L. Chen, and M. S. Chance, 1985, Ann. Phys. 161, 21.
  60. Cheng, C. Z., G. Y. Fu, and J. W. Van Dam, 1989, in Theory of Fusion Plasmas, Proceedings of Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop, Chexbres, Switzerland, 1988 (Editrice Compositori, Bologna), p. 259.
  61. Cheng, C. Z., et al., 1995, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 3, p. 373.
  62. Chong, G. P., 1995, “Measurement of Helium in Nickel Foils from the TFTR Alpha Collector Probe,” MS Thesis (University of Toronto).
  63. Coad, J. P., 1995, J. Nucl. Mater. 220, 156.
  64. Coppi, B., 1993, Phys. Lett. A 172, 439.
  65. Cordey, J. G., D. G. Muir, S. V. Neudachin, V. V. Parail, E. Springmann, and A. Taroni, 1995, Nucl. Fusion 35, 101.
  66. Cottrell, G. A., V. P. Bhatnagar, O. DaCosta, R. O. Dendy, J. Jacquinot, K. G. McClements, D. C. McCune, M. F. F. Nave, P. Smeulders, and D. F. H. Start, 1993, Nucl. Fusion 33, 1365.
  67. Craddock, G. G., and P. H. Diamond, 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 1535.
  68. Craddock, G. G., P. H. Diamond, M. Ono, and H. Biglari, 1994, Phys. Plasmas 1, 1944.
  69. DIII-D Team, 1995, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 83.
  70. Darrow, D. S., 1997, Nucl. Fusion 37, 939.
  71. Darrow, D. S., H. W. Herrmann, D. W. Johnson, R. J. Marsala, R. W. Palladino, and S. J. Zweben, 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 476.
  72. Darrow, D. S., et al., 1996a, Phys. Plasmas 3, 1875.
  73. Darrow, D. S., et al., 1996b, Nucl. Fusion 36, 509.
  74. Darrow, D. S., et al., 1996c, Nucl. Fusion 36, 1.
  75. DeLooper, J., 1994, Fusion Technol. 31, 1051.
  76. Dendy, R. O., et al., 1994, Phys. Plasmas 1, 1918.
  77. Dendy, R. O., C. N. Lashmore-Davies, K. G. McClements, G. A. Cottrell, R. Majeski, and S. Cauffman, 1995, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1733.
  78. Diamond, P. H., et al., 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1472.
  79. Drake, J. F., Y. T. Lau, P. N. Guzdar, A. B. Hassam, S. V. Novakovski, B. Rogers, and A. Zeiler, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 494.
  80. Duong, H. H., R. K. Fisher, J. M. McChesney, P. B. Parks, S. S. Medley, D. K. Mansfield, A. L. Roquemore, and M. P. Petrov, 1997a, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 340.
  81. Duong, H. H., et al., 1997b, Nucl. Fusion 37, 271.
  82. Durst, R. D., et al., 1992, Phys. Fluids B 4, 3707.
  83. Efthimion, P. C., et al., 1995a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 85.
  84. Efthimion, P. C., et al., 1995b, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15 International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 289.
  85. Ehst, D. A., and C. F. F. Karney, 1991, Nucl. Fusion 31, 1933.
  86. Ernst, D. R., et al., 1995, Annual Meeting of the APS/DAP, Louisville, KY, 1995, Poster 9P31.
  87. Ernst, D. R., S. D. Scott, and the TFTR Group, 1996, 1996 International Sherwood Fusion Theory Conference, Philadelphia, PA, Poster 1C38.
  88. Equipe Tore Supra, 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 2, p. 141.
  89. Fasoli, A., et al., 1995a, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1485.
  90. Fasoli, A., et al., 1995b, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15 International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 405.
  91. Fasoli, A., et al., 1995c, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 645.
  92. Fasoli, A., et al., 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1067.
  93. Fisch, N. J., 1995, Phys. Plasmas 2, (6), 2375.
  94. Fisch, N. J., and M. C. Herrmann, 1995, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1753.
  95. Fisch, N. J., and J.-M. Rax, 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 612.
  96. Fisch, N. J., E. J. Valeo, C. F. F. Karney, and R. Majeski, 1994, in 21st EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Montpellier, VT, edited by E. Joffrin, P. Platz, and P. E. Stott (European Physical Society, Petit Lancy), Vol. 2, p. 640.
  97. Fisch, N. J., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 271.
  98. Fisher, R. K., J. M. McChesney, P. B. Parks, H. H. Duong, S. S. Medley, A. L. Roquemore, D. K. Mansfield, R. V. Budny, M. P. Petrov, and R. E. Olson, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 846.
  99. Forest, C. B., et al., 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3141.
  100. Fredrickson, E. D., et al., 1995a, Phys. Plasmas 2, 4216.
  101. Fredrickson, E. D., et al., 1995b, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1457.
  102. Fredrickson, E. D., K. M. McGuire, Z. Y. Chang, A. Janos, J. Manickam, and G. Taylor, 1996, Phys. Plasmas 3, 2620.
  103. Fredrickson, E. D., et al., 1997, Phys. Plasmas 4, 1589.
  104. Freidberg, J. P., 1982, Rev. Mod. Phys. 54, 801.
  105. Fu, G. Y., C. Z. Cheng, R. Budny, Z. Chang, D. S. Darrow, E. Fredrickson, E. Mazzucato, R. Nazikian, and S. Zweben, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2336.
  106. Fu, G. Y., and J. W. Van Dam, 1989, Phys. Fluids B 1, 1949.
  107. Fu, G. Y., et al., 1996, Phys. Plasmas 3, 4036.
  108. Fu, G. Y., et al., 1997, in Nuclear Fusion: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 2, p. 453.
  109. Fujita, T., et al., 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2377.
  110. Furth, H. P., 1975, Nucl. Fusion 15, 487.
  111. Furth, H. P., R. J. Goldston, S. J. Zweben, and D. J. Sigmar, 1990, Nucl. Fusion 30, 1799.
  112. Galeev, A. A., 1970, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 59, 1378 [Sov. Phys. JETP 32, 752 (1970)].
  113. Gentle, K. W., 1995, Rev. Mod. Phys. 67, 809.
  114. Gibson, A., 1987, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference, Kyoto, 1986, Vol. 3, p. 479.
  115. Goldston, R., et al., 1981, J. Comput. Phys. 43, 61.
  116. Goldston, R. J., R. B. White, and A. H. Boozer, 1981, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 647.
  117. Goldston, R., et al., 1994, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion B 213.
  118. Goloborod’ko, V., Ya. I. Kolesnichenko, and V. A. Yavorskij, 1987, Phys. Scr. T16, 46.
  119. Gorelenkov, N. N., and C. Z. Cheng, 1995a, Phys. Plasmas 2, 1961.
  120. Gorelenkov, N. N., and C. Z. Cheng, 1995b, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1743.
  121. Gorelenkov, N. N., et al., 1996, Nucl. Fusion 37, (8), 1053.
  122. Grisham, L., et al., 1995, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 99, 353.
  123. Hahm, T. S., 1994, Phys. Plasmas 1, 2940.
  124. Hahm, T. S., and K. Burrell, 1995, Phys. Plasmas 2, 1648.
  125. Hahm, T. S., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 2. p. 335.
  126. Hawryluk, R. J., 1980, in Physics of Plasmas Close to Thermonuclear Condition, edited by B. Coppi, G. G. Leotta, D. Pfirsch, R. Pozzoli, and E. Sindoni (Pergoma, New York/CEC, Brussels), Vol. 1, p. 19.
  127. Hawryluk, R. J., et al., 1991, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 33, 1509.
  128. Hawryluk, R. J., et al., 1994a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3530.
  129. Hawryluk, R. J., et al., 1994b, Phys. Plasmas 1, 1560.
  130. Hawryluk, R. J., et al., 1995, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 11.
  131. Heidbrink, W. W., et al., 1991, Nucl. Fusion 31, 1635.
  132. Heidbrink, W. W., and G. J. Sadler, 1994, Nucl. Fusion 34, 535.
  133. Hemmerich, J. L., R. Lasser, and T. Winkel, 1992, Fusion Eng. Des. 19, 161.
  134. Hendel, H. W., et al., 1990, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 1900.
  135. Hender, T. C., et al., 1996, in Proceedings of the 23rd European Physical Society Meeting, Kiev, Ukraine (European Physical Society, Petit Lancy), Vol. 38, p. 12A.
  136. Herrmann, H., G. P. Chong, D. S. Darrow, R. G. Macauley-Newcombe, C. S. Pitcher, J. R. Timberlake, and S. J. Zweben, 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 351.
  137. Herrmann, M. C., and N. J. Fisch, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1495.
  138. Herrmann, H., S. Zweben, D. Darrow, J. Timberlake, G. Chong, A. Haasz, R. Macaulay-Newcombe, and C. V. Pitcher, 1997, Nucl. Fusion 37, 293.
  139. Hill, K. W., H. Adler, M. Bitter, E. Fredrickson, S. von Goeler, H. Hsuan, A. Janos, D. Johnson, A. T. Ramsey, and G. Renda, 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 913.
  140. Hill, K. W., K. M. Young, and L. C. Johnson, 1990, PPPL Report 2690.
  141. Hoang, G. T., et al., 1994, Nucl. Fusion 34, 75.
  142. Horton, W., D. Lindberg, J. Y. Kim, J. Q. Dong, G. W. Hammett, S. D. Scott, M. C. Zarnstorff, and S. Hamaguchi, 1992, Phys. Fluids B 4, 953.
  143. Hosea, J., et al., 1994, Fusion Technol. 26, 389.
  144. Hsu, C. T., C. Z. Cheng, P. Helander, D. J. Sigmar, and R. White, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2503.
  145. Hugon, M., et al., 1992, Nucl. Fusion 32, 33.
  146. Huguet, M., et al., 1992, Fusion Eng. Des. 19, 121.
  147. Ide, S., T. Fujita, O. Naito, and M. Seki, 1996, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 38, 1645.
  148. Ikeda, Y., K. Tobita, K. Hamamatsu, K. Ushigusa, O. Naito, and H. Kimura, 1996, Nucl. Fusion 36, 759.
  149. Itoh, K., 1994, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 36, A307.
  150. Jaeger, E. F., D. B. Batchelor, and D. C. Stallings, 1993, Nucl. Fusion 33, 179.
  151. Janos, A. C., et al., 1996, Nucl. Fusion 36, 475.
  152. Jassby, D. L., C. W. Barnes, L. C. Johnson, A. L. Roquemore, J. D. Strachan, D. W. Johnson, S. S. Medley, and K. M. Young, 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 891.
  153. Jassby, D. L., et al., 1996, “TFTR Experiments with 2% Tritium Beam Fueling,” PPPL-3205, submitted to Nucl. Fusion.
  154. JET Team, 1992, Nucl. Fusion 32, 187.
  155. JET Team (presented by A. Gibson), 1993, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Fourteenth Conference Proceedings, Würzburg, Germany, 1992 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 99.
  156. JET Team (presented by D. Stork) 1995, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. I, p. 51.
  157. JET Team (presented by P. R. Thomas) 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 331.
  158. JET Team (presented by J. Jacquinot) 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 57.
  159. JET Team (presented by D. F. Start) 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 303.
  160. JET Team (presented by C. Gormezano) 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 487.
  161. JET Team (presented by A. Gibson) 1998, “Deuterium-Tritium Plasmas in the Joint European Torus (JET): Behaviour and Implications,” Phys. Plasmas (to be published).
  162. Johnson, D., et al., 1995, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 37, A69.
  163. Johnson, L. C., C. W. Barnes, H. Duong, W. W. Heidbrink, D. L. Jassby, M. J. Loughlin, A. L. Roquemore, E. Ruskov, and J. D. Strachan, 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 894.
  164. Johnson, L. C., P. C. Efthimion, J. D. Strachan, E. Synakowski, M. Zarnstorff, D. McCune, A. L. Roquemore, M. Loughlin, and C. W. Barnes, 1994, in 21st EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Montpellier, VT, edited by E. Joffrin, P. Platz, and P. E. Stott (Eureopean Physical Society, Petit Lancy), Vol. 1, p. 182.
  165. Johnson, L. C., et al., 1996, in Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors (Plenum, New York), p. 369.
  166. Kamada, Y., et al., 1994, Nucl. Fusion 34, 1605.
  167. Kessel, C., et al., 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 1212.
  168. Kikuchi, M., and M. Azumi, 1995, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 37, 1215.
  169. Kikuchi, M., et al., 1990, Nucl. Fusion 30, 343.
  170. Kikuchi, M., et al., 1995, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 31.
  171. Kinsey, Jon E., and G. Bateman, 1996, Phys. Plasmas 3, 3344.
  172. Kinsey, Jon E., G. Bateman, A. Kritz, and A. Redd, 1996, Phys. Plasmas 3, 561.
  173. Kinsey, Jon, C. Singer, T. Djemil, D. Cox, and G. Bateman, 1995, Phys. Plasmas 2, 811.
  174. Kissick, M. W., et al., 1993, Phys. Fluids B 5, 3618.
  175. Kolesnichenko, Ya. I., 1980, Nucl. Fusion 20, 727.
  176. Kolesnichenko, Ya. I., D. Anderson, T. Fülöp, and M. Lisak, 1996, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 2, p. 487.
  177. Kolesnichenko, Ya. I., V. V. Lutsenko, and Yu. V. Yakovenko, 1996, in 23rd EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Kiev, Ukraine (European Physical Society, Petit Lancy), Pt. I, p. 331.
  178. Kolesnichenko, Ya. I., and Yu. V. Yakovenko, 1996, Nucl. Fusion 36, 159.
  179. Kolesnichenko, Ya. I., et al., 1992, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3881.
  180. Kotschenreuther, M., W. Dorland, M. Beer, and G. Hammett, 1995, Phys. Plasmas 2, 2381.
  181. Ku, L. P., D. W. Johnson, and S. L. Liew, 1994, Fusion Technol. 26, 933.
  182. Ku, L. P., and S. L. Liew, 1994, in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Radiation Shielding (ANS, LaGrange Park, IL), p. 1062.
  183. Kugel, H. W., G. Ascione, S. Elwood, and K. Rule, 1996, Fusion Technol. 30, 1065.
  184. Kugel, H. W., et al., 1994, Fusion Technol. 26, 963.
  185. Kugel, H. W., et al., 1995, Third International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology, Los Angeles, CA, Fusion Eng. Des. 28, 534.
  186. Kumar, A., H. W. Kugel, and G. Ascione, 1996, Fusion Technol. 30, 113.
  187. Kumar, A., H. W. Kugel, and G. Ascione, 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 3, p. 517.
  188. LaMarche, P. H., et al., 1994, Fusion Technol. 26, 427.
  189. Lao, L. L., et al., 1993, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3435.
  190. Lazarus, E. A., et al., 1991, Phys. Fluids B 3, 2220.
  191. Lazarus, E. A., et al., 1992, Phys. Fluids B 4, 3644.
  192. Lazarus, E. A., et al., 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2714.
  193. Lazarus, E. A., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 199.
  194. Levinton, F. M., L. Zakharov, S. H. Batha, J. Manickam, and M. C. Zarnstorff, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2895.
  195. Levinton, F. M., et al., 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4417.
  196. Levinton, F. M., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 211.
  197. Lin, Z., W. Tang, and W. W. Lee, 1997, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 456.
  198. Majeski, R., et al., 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 2204.
  199. Majeski, R., et al., 1995, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 443.
  200. Majeski, R., et al., 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 764.
  201. Manfredi, G., and R. O. Dendy, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4360.
  202. Manickam, J., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 453.
  203. Mansfield, D. K., et al., 1995, Phys. Plasmas 2, 4252.
  204. Mansfield, D. K., et al., 1996, Phys. Plasmas 3, 1892.
  205. Marcus, F. B., et al., 1993, Nucl. Fusion 33, 1325.
  206. Mazzucato, E., et al., 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3145.
  207. Mazzucato, E., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna) Vol. 1, p. 913.
  208. McClements, K. G., R. O. Dendy, C. N. Lashmore-Davies, G. Cottrell, S. Cauffman, and R. Majeski, 1996, Phys. Plasmas 3, 543.
  209. McGuire, K. M., et al., 1995, Phys. Plasmas 2, 2176.
  210. McGuire, K. M., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 19.
  211. McKee, G. R., R. J. Fonck, T. A. Thorson, and B. C. Stratton, 1995a, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 643.
  212. McKee, G. R., et al., 1995b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 649.
  213. McKee, G. R., et al., 1997, Nucl. Fusion 37, 501.
  214. Meade, D. M., 1995, Fusion Eng. Des. 27, 17.
  215. Meade, D. M., et al., 1991, in Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Washington, DC, 1990 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 9.
  216. Medley, S. S., H. Duong, R. Fisher, N. Gorelenkov, A. Khudoleev, D. Mansfield, J. McChesney, P. Parks, M. Petrov, and A. Roquemore, 1996b, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 3122.
  217. Medley, S. S., R. K. Fisher, A. V. Khudoleev, D. K. Mansfield, J. M. McChesney, P. B. Parks, M. P. Petrov, C. K. Phillips, A. L. Roquemore, and K. M. Young, 1995, in 22nd European Physical Society Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Heating, Bournemouth, UK (EPS, Geneva), Vol. 1, p. 409.
  218. Medley, S. S., et al., 1996a, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 38, 1779.
  219. Morgan, P. D., 1992, in Proceedings of the 17th Symposium on Fusion Technology, Rome Italy, edited by C. Ferro, M. Gasparotto, and H. Knoepfel (Elsevier, Amsterdam), p. 722.
  220. Mueller, D., et al., 1996a, Fusion Technol. 30, 840.
  221. Mueller, D., et al., 1996b, Fusion Technol. 30, 251.
  222. Mynick, H. E., and R. E. Duvall, 1989, Phys. Fluids B 1, 750.
  223. Mynick, H. E., and N. Pomphrey, 1994, Nucl. Fusion 34, 1277.
  224. Myra, J. R., et al., 1993, Phys. Fluids B 5, 1160.
  225. Nagayama, Y., et al., 1993, Phys. Fluids B 5, 2571.
  226. Nagy, A., et al., 1995, in Proceedings of the 16th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Champaign, IL, edited by G. Miley, and C. Elliott (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ), Vol. 2, p. 573.
  227. Navratil, G., et al., 1991, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference, Washington, DC, 1990 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 209.
  228. Nazikian, R., et al., 1996, Phys. Plasmas 3, 593.
  229. Nazikian, R., et al., 1997a, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 281.
  230. Nazikian, R., et al., 1997b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2976.
  231. Ono, M., et al., 1993, Phys. Fluids B 5, 241.
  232. Ozeki, T., et al., 1993, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Research: Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference, Würzburg, Germany (IAEA Vienna), Vol. 2, p. 187.
  233. Park, H. K., 1997, Phys. Plasmas 4, 1699.
  234. Park, W., Z. Chang, E. Fredrickson, G. Y. Fu, and N. Pomphrey, 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 2, p. 411.
  235. Park, W., E. D. Fredrickson, A. Janos, J. Manickam, and W. T. Tang, 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1763.
  236. Paul, S. F., J. L. Goldstein, R. D. Durst, and R. J. Fonck, 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 1252.
  237. Perkins, F. W., et al., 1992, Phys. Fluids B 5, 477.
  238. Petrov, M. P., et al., 1995, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1437.
  239. Petrov, M. P., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 261.
  240. Phillips, C. K., et al., 1995, Phys. Plasmas 2, 2427.
  241. Pick, M., et al., 1996, Fusion Technol. 30, 634.
  242. Raftopoulos, S., R. Scillia, P. Sichta, L. Dudek, G. Labik, J. Satkofsky, J. Langford, and D. Voorhees, 1995, in Proceedings of the 16th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Champaign, IL, edited by G. Miley and C. Elliott (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ), Vol. 1, p. 581.
  243. Ramsey, A. T., 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 871.
  244. Redi, M. H., M. C. Zarnstorff, R. B. White, R. V. Budny, A. C. Janos, D. K. Owens, J. F. Schivell, S. D. Scott, and S. J. Zweben, 1995a, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1191.
  245. Redi, M. H., et al., 1995b, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1509.
  246. Rogers, B., and L. Zakharov, 1995, Phys. Plasmas 2, 3420.
  247. Rogers, J. H., et al., 1994, in 21st EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Montpellier, VT, edited by E. Joffrin, P. Platz, and P. E. Stott (European Physical Society, Petit Lancy), Pt. 2, p. 988.
  248. Rogers, J. H., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 3, p. 317.
  249. Rose, D. J., and M. Clark, Jr., 1961, Plasmas and Controlled Fusion (MIT, Cambridge, MA, and Wiley, New York).
  250. Ruskov, E., W. W. Heidbrink, and R. V. Budny, 1995, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1099.
  251. Sabbagh, S. A., et al., 1991, Phys. Fluids B 3, 2277.
  252. Sabbagh, S. A., et al., 1995a, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 663.
  253. Sabbagh, S. A., et al., 1995b, in Tokamak Concept Improvement: Proceedings of the Workshop held at the 1994 International School of Plasma Physics, Varenna, Italy, edited by S. Bernabei, N. Sauthoff, and E. Sindoni (Editrice Compositori, Bologna, Italy), p. 219.
  254. Sabbagh, S. A., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 921.
  255. Saibene, G., R. Sartori, P. Andrew, J. How, Q. King, and A. T. Peacock, 1992, Fusion Eng. Des. 19, 133.
  256. Saigusa, M., et al., 1995, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 37, 295.
  257. Saville, C., G. Ascione, S. Elwood, A. Nagy, S. Raftopoulos, R. Rossmassler, J. Stencel, D. Voorhees, and C. Tilson, 1995, Fusion Technol. 28, 1078.
  258. Scott, S., et al., 1990a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 531.
  259. Scott, S., et al., 1990b, Phys. Fluids B 2, 1300.
  260. Scott, S. D., et al., 1995a, Phys. Plasmas 2, 2299.
  261. Scott, S. D., et al., 1996b, Phys. Scr. 51, 394.
  262. Scott, S. D., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 573.
  263. Shaing, K. C., E. C. Crume Jr., and W. A. Houlberg, 1990, Phys. Fluids B 2, 1492.
  264. Sigmar, D. J., 1987, Phys. Scr. T16, 6.
  265. Skinner, C., H. Adler, R. V. Budny, J. Kamperschroer, L. C. Johnson, A. T. Ramsey, and D. P. Stotler, 1995a, Nucl. Fusion 35, 143.
  266. Skinner, C. H., J. Kamperschroer, D. Mueller, A. Nagy, and J. Stotler, 1997a, J. Nucl. Mater. 241-243, 887–891.
  267. Skinner, C. H., D. P. Stotler, H. Adler, and A. T. Ramsey, 1995b, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 646.
  268. Skinner, C. H., et al., 1996, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14, 3267.
  269. Skinner, C. H., et al., 1997b, J. Nucl. Mater. 241-243, 214–226.
  270. Spong, D. A., C. L. Hedrick, and B. A. Carreras, 1995, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1687.
  271. Stencel, J. R., J. D. Gilbert, J. D. Levine, and G. Ascione, 1994, J. Appl. Health Phys. 11, 27.
  272. Stevenson, T., et al., 1995, 16th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Champaign, IL, edited by G. Miley and C. Elliott (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ), Vol. 1, p. 537.
  273. Stix, T. H., 1992, Waves in Plasmas (AIP, New York).
  274. Stotler, D. P., C. H. Skinner, R. V. Budny, and A. T. Ramsey, 1996, Phys. Plasmas 3, 4084.
  275. Strachan, J. D., 1994, Nucl. Fusion 34, 1017.
  276. Strachan, J. D., C. W. Barnes, M. Diesso, D. Jassby, L. Johnson, M. Loughlin, S. McCauley, T. Munsat, and A. L. Roquemore, 1995, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 1247.
  277. Strachan, J. D., R. E. Chrien, and W. W. Heidbrink, 1983, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1, 811.
  278. Strachan, J. D., et al., 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1004.
  279. Strachan, J. D., et al., 1989, in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Nice (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 257.
  280. Strachan, J. D., et al., 1990, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 3501.
  281. Strachan, J. D., et al., 1992, J. Nucl. Mater. 96, 28.
  282. Strachan, J. D., et al., 1994a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3526.
  283. Strachan, J. D., et al., 1994b, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 36, B3.
  284. Strachan, J. D., et al., 1994c, J. Nucl. Mater. 217, 145.
  285. Strait, E. J., et al., 1993, Nucl. Fusion 33, 1849.
  286. Strait, E. J., et al., 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4421.
  287. Stratton, B., R. Fonck, G. McKee, R. Budny, Z. Chang, F. Wising, and A. Ödblom, 1996, Nucl. Fusion 36, 1586.
  288. Synakowski, E. J., et al., 1993, Phys. Fluids B 5, 2215.
  289. Synakowski, E. J., et al., 1995a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3689.
  290. Synakowski, E. J., et al., 1995, in Proceedings of the 22nd European Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Bournemouth, U.K., 1995, Vol. 19C of Europhysics Conference Abstracts, pp. 13–16 (EPS, Petit-Lancy, Switzerland), Part III.
  291. Synakowski, E. J., et al., 1997a, Phys. Plasmas 4, 1736.
  292. Synakowski, E. J., et al., 1997b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2972.
  293. Tang, W. M., J. W. Connor, and R. J. Hastie, 1980, Nucl. Fusion 20, 1439.
  294. Taylor, G., et al., 1995, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 431.
  295. Taylor, G., et al., 1996a, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 38, 723.
  296. Taylor, G., et al., 1996b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2722.
  297. Terry, J. L., et al., 1991, in Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Washington, DC, 1990 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 393.
  298. Thomas, P. R., 1996, “Divertor Diagnostics for JET” in Diagnostics for Experimental Thermonuclear Fusion Reactors (Plenum, New York), p. 531.
  299. Tibone, F., 1993, Nucl. Fusion 33, 1319.
  300. Tobita, K., et al., 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 497.
  301. Troyon, F., R. Gruber, H. Saurenmann, S. Semenzato, and S. Succi, 1984, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 26, 209.
  302. Turnbull, A. D., et al., 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 718.
  303. Ulrickson, M., et al., 1990, J. Nucl. Mater. 176/177, 44.
  304. Ushigusa, K., and the JT-60 Team, 1997, in Fusion Energy: Proceedings of the Sixteenth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Montreal, 1996 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 37.
  305. Valeo, E. J., and N. J. Fisch, 1994, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3536.
  306. Wagner, F., et al., 1982, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1408.
  307. Wang, S., and S. J. Zweben, 1996, “Model of Alpha Particle Diffusion in the Outer Limiter Shadow of TFTR,” PPPL-3186.
  308. Ward, D. J., 1996, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 38, 1201.
  309. Wesson, John, 1987, Tokamaks (Oxford University Press, Oxford).
  310. Wesson, J. A., and B. Balet, 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 5214.
  311. White, R. B., E. Fredrickson, D. Darrow, M. Zarnstorff, R. Wilson, S. Zweben, K. Hill, Y. Chen, and G. Fu, 1995a, Phys. Plasmas 2, 2871.
  312. White, R. B., R. J. Goldston, M. H. Redi, and R. V. Budny, 1996, Phys. Plasmas 3, 3043.
  313. White, R. B., Y. Wu, Y. Chen, E. D. Fredrickson, D. S. Darrow, M. C. Zarnstorff, J. R. Wilson, S. J. Zweben, K. W. Hill, and G. Y. Fu, 1995b, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1707.
  314. Williams, M. D., and the TFTR Group, 1997, Symposium on Fusion Technology, September 16–20, 1996, Lisbon, Portugal, Fusion Eng. Des. 36, 135.
  315. Wilson, J. R., et al., 1993, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Fourteenth Conference Proceedings, Würzburg, Germany 1992 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 661.
  316. Wilson, J. R., et al., 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 842.
  317. Wong, K. L., et al., 1991, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1874.
  318. Wong, K. L., et al., 1992, Phys. Fluids B 4, 2122.
  319. Wong, K. L., et al., 1996, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2286.
  320. Wong, K. L., et al., 1997, Phys. Plasmas 4, 393.
  321. Young, K. M., 1997, J. Fusion Eng. Design 34-35, 3.
  322. Young, K. M., and D. W. Johnson, 1992, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 34, 2001.
  323. Yushmanov, P. N., T. Takizuka, K. S. Riedel, O. J. W. F. Kardaun, J. G. Cordey, S. M. Kaye and D. E. Post, 1990, Nucl. Fusion 30, 1999.
  324. Zakharov, L. and B. Rogers, 1992, Phys. Fluids B 4, 3285.
  325. Zakharov, L., B. Rogers, and S. Migliuolo, 1993, Phys. Fluids B 5, 2498.
  326. Zarnstorff, M. C., et al., 1988a, in 15th European Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Heating, Dubrovnik, Contributed Papers edited by S. Pesic and J. Jacquinot (EPS, Geneva), Vol. 12B, Part 1, p. 95.
  327. Zarnstorff, M. C., et al., 1988b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1306.
  328. Zarnstorff, M. C., et al., 1989a, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference, Nice, 1988 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 183.
  329. Zarnstorff, M. C., et al., 1989b, Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Proceedings of the Sixteenth European Conference, Venice, 1989 (European Physical Society, Petit Lancy), Vol. 13B, Part 1, p. 35.
  330. Zarnstorff, M. C., et al., 1990, in Controlled Fusion and Plasma Heating, Proceedings of the Seventeenth European Conference, Amsterdam, 1990 (European Physical Society, Petit Lancy), Vol. 14B, Part 1, p. 42.
  331. Zarnstorff, M. C., et al., 1991, in Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Washington, DC, 1990 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 109.
  332. Zarnstorff, M. C., et al., 1995, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference, Seville, Spain, 1994 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 183.
  333. Zhao, Y. and R. White, 1997, Phys. Plasmas 4, 1103.
  334. Zweben, S. J., D. S. Darrow, H. W. Herrmann, M. H. Redi, J. F. Schivell, and R. B. White, 1995, Nucl. Fusion 35, 1445.
  335. Zweben, S. J., et al., 1990, Nucl. Fusion 30, 1551.
  336. Zweben, S. J., et al., 1991, Nucl. Fusion 31, 2219.
  337. Zweben, S. J., et al., 1993a, Nucl. Fusion 33, 705.
  338. Zweben, S. J., et al., 1993b, in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, Würzburg, Germany, 1992 (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. 1, p. 363.
  339. Zweben, S. J., et al., 1994, Phys. Plasmas 1, 1469.
  340. Zweben, S. J., et al., 1995b, Nucl. Fusion 35, 893.
  341. Zweben, S. J., et al., 1996, Nucl. Fusion 36, 987.
  342. Zweben, S. J., et al., 1997, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 39, A275.

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation