- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Molecular-beam studies of Penning ionization

P. E. Siska

P. E. Siska

  • Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260

PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 65, 337 – Published 1 April, 1993

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.65.337

Abstract

Molecular-beam experiments have exposed a new wealth of detail on the general reaction A*+B→A+B++e− first suggested by Penning in 1927. The new capabilities not available to traditional swarm techniques include mass and electron spectroscopy on the reaction products and angle-resolved measurements of the scattering of both reagents and products. These new results have stimulated the recent development of both the electronic structure and the dynamical theories necessary for a first-principles description of at least the simplest of these reactions, those involving small atomic and diatomic species B. Recent progress in both experiment and interpretation is critically reviewed, and the prospects for attaining a global understanding of Penning ionization in larger systems are assessed.

View figure in article

References (387)

  1. Abramowitz, M., and I. A. Stegun, 1964, Eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Appl. Math. Ser. Vol. 55 (U.S. GPO, Washington, D.C.)
  2. Aguilar, A., S. Bianco, B. Brunetti, M. Gonzalez, and F. Vecchiocattivi, 1990, Mol. Phys. 71, 897
  3. Aguilar, A., B. Brunetti, M. Gonzalez, and F. Vecchiocattivi, 1990, Chem. Phys. 145, 211
  4. Aguilar-Navarro, A., B. Brunetti, S. Falcinelli, M. Gonzalez, and F. Vecchiocattivi, 1992, J. Chem. Phys. 96, 433
  5. Aguilar-Navarro, A., B. Brunetti, S. Rosi, F. Vecchiocattivi, and G. G. Volpi, 1985, J. Chem. Phys. 82, 773
  6. Allison, W., J. W. Sheldon, and E. E. Muschlitz, Jr., 1981, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 23, 339
  7. Alvarino, J. M., C. Hepp, M. Kreiensen, B. Staudenmayer, F. Vecchiocattivi, and V. Kempter, 1984, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 765
  8. Anderson, J. B., 1974, in Molecular Beams and Low Density Gas Dynamics, edited by P. P. Wegener (Marcel Dekker, New York), p. 1
  9. Anderson, R. W., and D. R. Herschbach, 1975, J. Chem. Phys. 62, 2666
  10. Appolloni, L., B. Brunetti, J. Hermanussen, F. Vecchiocattivi, and G. G. Volpi, 1986, Chem. Phys. Lett. 129, 287
  11. Appolloni, L., B. Brunetti, J. Hermanussen, F. Vecchiocattivi, and G. G. Volpi, 1987, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 3804
  12. Appolloni, L., B. Brunetti, J. Hermanussen, F. Vecchiocattivi, and G. G. Volpi, 1988, J. Phys. Chem. 92, 918
  13. Aspect, A., N. Vansteenkiste, R. Kaiser, H. Haberland, and M. Karrais, 1990, Chem. Phys. 145, 307
  14. Bardsley, J. N., 1974, Case Stud. At. Phys. 4, 299
  15. Baudon, J., P. Feron, C. Miniatura, F. Perales, J. Reinhardt, J. Robert, H. Haberland, B. Brunetti, and F. Vecchiocattivi, 1991, J. Chem. Phys. 95, 1801
  16. Baus, J., A. Benz, and H. Morgner, 1985, J. Phys. B 18, 2271
  17. Beckmann, K., O. Leisin, and H. Morgner, 1986, Mol. Phys. 59, 829
  18. Beijerinck, H. C. W., 1987, Comments At. Mol. Phys. 19, 227
  19. Beijerinck, H. C. W., 1990, in The Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions (XVI International Conference), AIP Conference Proceedings No. 205, edited by A. Dalgarno (AIP, New York), p. 317
  20. Beijerinck, H. C. W., and N. F. Verster, 1981, Physica C 111, 327
  21. BelBruno, J., and J. Krenos, 1983, J. Chem. Phys. 78, 2800
  22. Bell, K. L., 1970, J. Phys. B 3, 1308
  23. Bellum, J. C., and D. A. Micha, 1977, Chem. Phys. 20, 121
  24. Bellum, J. C., and D. A. Micha, 1978, Phys. Rev. A 18, 1435
  25. Bentley, J., 1980, J. Chem. Phys. 73, 1805
  26. Benz, A., O. Leisin, H. Morgner, H. Seiberle, and J. Stegmaier, 1985, Z. Phys. A 320, 11
  27. Benz, A., and H. Morgner, 1986a, Mol. Phys. 57, 319
  28. Benz, A., and H. Morgner, 1986b, Mol. Phys. 58, 223
  29. Bergmann, K., 1988, in Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods, edited by G. Scoles (Oxford University Press, New York/Oxford), Vol. I, pp. 193, 293
  30. Bergmann, K.Bernstein, R. B., 1979, Ed., Atom-Molecule Collision Theory: A Guide for the Experimentalist (Plenum, New York)
  31. Bevsek, H. M., D. C. Dunlavy, and P. E. Siska, 1992, unpublished
  32. Bieniek, R. J., 1974, J. Phys. B 7, L266
  33. Bieniek, R. J., 1976, Chem. Phys. Lett. 40, 72
  34. Bieniek, R. J., 1978, Phys. Rev. A 18, 392
  35. Bieniek, R. J., M. W. Müller, and M. Movre, 1990, J. Phys. B 23, 4521 ibid.24, 2247(E)
  36. Birkhofer, H. P., H. Haberland, M. Winterer, and D. R. Worsnop, 1984, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 88, 207
  37. Borst, W. L., 1971, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 42, 1543
  38. Borst, W. L., 1974, Phys. Rev. A 9, 1195
  39. Botschwina, P., M. Meijer, I. V. Hertel, and W. Reiland, 1981, J. Chem. Phys. 75, 5438
  40. Bregel, T., W. Bussert, J. Ganz, H. Hotop, and M.-W. Ruf, 1986, in Electronic and Atomic Collisions, ICPEAC XIV, edited by D. C. Lorents, W. E. Meyerhof, and J. R. Peterson (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 577
  41. Bregel, T., A. J. Yencha, M-W. Ruf, H. Waibel, and H. Hotop, 1989, Z. Phys. D 13, 51
  42. Brion, C. E., W. B. Stewart, D. S. C. Yee, and P. Crowley, 1981, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 23, 399
  43. Brooks, P. R., 1988, Chem. Rev. 88, 407
  44. Brunetti, B., and F. Vecchiocattivi, 1989, Collision Theory for Atoms and Molecules, Vol. 196 of NATO Advanced Study Institute, Series B: Physics, edited by F. A. Gianturco (Plenum, New York), p. 413
  45. Brunetti, B., and F. Vecchiocattivi, 1993, in Current Topics in Ion Chemistry and Physics, edited by C.-Y. Ng (Wiley, New York), Vol. 1, to be published
  46. Brunetti, B., F. Vecchiocattivi, and G. G. Volpi, 1986, J. Chem. Phys. 84, 536
  47. Brutschy, B., and H. Haberland, 1977, J. Phys. E 10, 90
  48. Brutschy, B., H. Haberland, and F. Werner, 1982, J. Phys. B 15, 731
  49. Buck, U., and H. Pauly, 1968, Z. Phys. 208, 390
  50. Büermann, L., S. Burdenski, R. Feltgen, and G. Hoffmann, 1987, J. Phys. B 20, 2809
  51. Burdenski, S., R. Feltgen, F. Lichterfeld, and H. Pauly, 1981, Chem. Phys. Lett. 78, 296
  52. Burkhardt, C. E., M. Ciocca, J. J. Leventhal, and J. D. Kelley, 1990, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2151
  53. Bush, Y. A., M. McFarland, D. L. Albritton, and A. L. Schmeltekopf, 1973, J. Chem. Phys. 58, 4020
  54. Bussert, W., 1986, Z. Phys. D 1, 321
  55. Bussert, W., T. Bregel, R. J. Allan, M.-W. Ruf, and H. Hotop, 1985, Z. Phys. A 320, 105
  56. Bussert, W., T. Bregel, J. Ganz, K. Harth, A. Seigel, M.-W. Ruf, H. Hotop, and H. Morgner, 1985, J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. C1 46, 199
  57. Bussert, W., J. Ganz, H. Hotop, M.-W. Ruf, A. Siegel, H. Waibel, P. Botschwina, and J. Lorenzen, 1983, Chem. Phys. Lett. 95, 277
  58. Castleman, A. W., Jr., and R. G. Keesee, 1986, Chem. Rev. 86, 589
  59. Čermák, V., 1966, J. Chem. Phys. 44, 3774, 3781
  60. Čermák, V., 1976a, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 8, 325
  61. Čermák, V., 1976b, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 9, 419
  62. Chang, R. S. F., and D. W. Setser, 1978, J. Chem. Phys. 69, 3885
  63. Chen, C. H., H. Haberland, Y. T. Lee, 1974, J. Chem. Phys. 61, 3098
  64. Cohen, E. R., and B. N. Taylor, 1987, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1121
  65. Cohen, J. S., and N. F. Lane, 1977, J. Chem. Phys. 66, 586
  66. Cohen, J. S., R. L. Martin, and N. F. Lane, 1985, Phys. Rev. A 31, 152
  67. Cohen, J. S., and B. Schneider, 1974, J. Chem. Phys. 61, 3420
  68. Cohen, J. S., and B. Schneider, 1975, Phys. Rev. A 11, 884
  69. Daly, N. R., 1960, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 31, 264
  70. Dehnbostel, C., R. Feltgen, and G. Hoffmann, 1990, Phys. Rev. A 42, 5389
  71. de Vries, M. S., G. W. Tyndall, and R. M. Martin, 1984, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 1366
  72. de Vries, M. S., G. W. Tyndall, C. L. Cobb, and R. M. Martin, 1987, J. Chem. Phys. 86, 2653
  73. Docken, K. K., and J. Hinze, 1972, J. Chem. Phys. 57, 4936
  74. Drake, G. W. F., 1971, Phys. Rev. A 3, 908
  75. Drake, G. W. F., G. A. Victor, and A. Dalgarno, 1969, Phys. Rev. 180, 25
  76. Driessen, J. P. J., M. P. I. Manders, F. J. M. van de Weijer, G. J. Sandker, W. Boom, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and B. J. Verhaar, 1991, Chem. Phys. 155, 447
  77. Driessen, J. P. J., H. J. L. Megens, M. J. Zonneveld, H. A. J. Senhorst, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and B. J. Verhaar, 1990, Chem. Phys. 147, 447
  78. Driessen, J. P. J., S. S. Op de Beek, L. M. T. Somers, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and B. J. Verhaar, 1991, Phys. Rev. A 44, 167
  79. Driessen, J. P. J., F. J. M. van de Weijer, M. J. Zonneveld, L. M. T. Somers, M. F. M. Janssens, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and B. J. Verhaar, 1989, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2369 ibid.64, 2106(E)
  80. Driessen, J. P. J., F. J. M. van de Weijer, M. J. Zonneveld, L. M. T. Somers, M. F. M. Janssens, H. C. W. Beijerinck, and B. J. Verhaar, 1990, Phys. Rev. A 42, 4058
  81. Druyvesteyn, M. J., and F. M. Penning, 1940, Rev. Mod. Phys. 12, 87 ibid.13, 72(E)
  82. Dunlavy, D. C., H. M. Bevsek, and P. E. Siska, 1992, unpublished
  83. Dunlavy, D. C., D. W. Martin, and P. E. Siska, 1990, J. Chem. Phys. 93, 5347
  84. Dunning, F. B., 1990, in The Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions, AIP Conference Proceedings No. 205, edited by A. Dalgarno (AIP, New York), p. 519
  85. Dunning, F. B., T. B. Cook, W. P. West, and R. F. Stebbings, 1975, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 46, 1072
  86. Dunning, F. B., R. D. Rundel, and R. F. Stebbings, 1975, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 46, 697
  87. Dunning, F. B., and A. C. H. Smith, 1971, J. Phys. B 4, 1696
  88. Dunning, F. B., A. C. H. Smith, and R. F. Stebbings, 1971, J. Phys. B 4, 1683
  89. Düren, R., G. P. Raabe, and Ch. Schlier, 1968, Z. Phys. 214, 410
  90. Ebding, T., and A. Niehaus, 1974, Z. Phys. 270, 43
  91. Fahey, D. W., W. F. Parks, and L. D. Schearer, 1980a, J. Phys. E 13, 381
  92. Fahey, D. W., W. F. Parks, and L. D. Schearer, 1980b, J. Chem. Phys. 72, 2310
  93. Falcetta, M. F., and P. E. Siska, 1992, unpublished
  94. Fano, U., 1935, Nuovo Cimento 12, 156
  95. Fano, U., 1961, Phys. Rev. 124, 1866
  96. Ferkel, H., R. Feltgen, and D. Pikorz, 1991, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62, 2626
  97. Feshbach, H., 1958, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 5, 357
  98. Feshbach, H., 1962, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 19, 287
  99. Foreman, P. B., T. P. Parr, and R. M. Martin, 1977, J. Chem. Phys. 67, 5591
  100. Fort, J., J. J. Laucagne, A. Pesnelle, and G. Watel, 1976, Phys. Rev. A 14, 658
  101. Fort, J., J. J. Laucagne, A. Pesnelle, and G. Watel, 1978, Phys. Rev. A 18, 2063
  102. Fry, E. S., and W. L. Williams, 1969, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 40, 1141
  103. Fuchs, V., and A. Niehaus, 1968, Phys. Rev. Lett. 21, 1136
  104. Fujii, H., H. Nakamura, and M. Mori, 1970, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 29, 1030
  105. Fukuyama, T., and P. E. Siska, 1989, J. Chem. Phys. 90, 7118
  106. Gardner, J. L., and J. A. R. Samson, 1976, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 8, 469
  107. Garrison, B. J., W. H. Miller, and H. F. Schaefer, 1973, J. Chem. Phys. 59, 3193
  108. Giberson, K. W., L. K. Johnson, M. W. Hart, M. S. Hammond, T. H. Jeys, and F. B. Dunning, 1984, Opt. Commun. 52, 103
  109. Gillen, K. T., P. R. Jones, and T. Tsuboi, 1986, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 2610
  110. Golde, M. F., 1977, in Gas Kinetics and Energy Transfer, edited by P. G. Ashmore and R. J. Donovan (The Chemical Society, London), Vol. 2, p. 123
  111. Goy, W., V. Kohls, and H. Morgner, 1981, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 23, 383
  112. Goy, W., H. Morgner, and A. J. Yencha, 1981, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 24, 77
  113. Greeene, E. F., A. L. Moursund, and J. Ross, 1966, Adv. Chem. Phys. 10, 135
  114. Gregor, R. W., and P. E. Siska, 1981, J. Chem. Phys. 74, 1078
  115. Guberman, S. L., and W. A. Goddard, 1975, Phys. Rev. A 12, 1203
  116. Haberland, H., Y. T. Lee, and P. E. Siska, 1981, Adv. Chem. Phys. 45, 487
  117. Harada, Y., 1990, Pure Appl. Chem. 62, 457
  118. Harada, Y., K. Ohno, and H. Mutoh, 1983, J. Chem. Phys. 79, 3251
  119. Hardy, K. A., and J. W. Sheldon, 1984, Phys. Rev. A 30, 2761
  120. Harris, R. M., and J. F. Wilson, 1971, J. Chem. Phys. 54, 2088
  121. Haug, B., H. Morgner, and V. Staemmler, 1985, J. Phys. B 18, 259
  122. Hausamann, D., and H. Morgner, 1985, Mol. Phys. 54, 1085
  123. Hazi, A. U., 1978, J. Phys. B 11, L259
  124. Hazi, A. U., and H. S. Taylor, 1970, Phys. Rev. A 1, 1109
  125. Herschbach, D. R., 1966, Adv. Chem. Phys. 10, 319
  126. Hertel, I. V., and W. Stoll, 1978, Adv. At. Mol. Phys. 13, 113
  127. Herzberg, G., 1950, Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure I. Spectra of Diatomic Molecules, 2nd ed. (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York), Chap. V
  128. Hickman, A. P., A. D. Isaacson, and W. H. Miller, 1977a, J. Chem. Phys. 66, 1483
  129. Hickman, A. P., A. D. Isaacson, and W. H. Miller, 1977b, J. Chem. Phys. 66, 1492
  130. Hickman, A. P., and H. Morgner, 1976, J. Phys. B 9, 1765
  131. Hickman, A. P., and H. Morgner, 1977, J. Chem. Phys. 67, 5484
  132. Hijazi, N. H., and J. C. Polanyi, 1975, Chem. Phys. 11, 1
  133. Hinchcliffe, A., 1988, Computational Quantum Chemistry (Wiley, New York)
  134. Hoffmann, V., and H. Morgner, 1979, J. Phys. B 12, 2857
  135. Hotop, H., 1974, Radiat. Res. 59, 379
  136. Hotop, H., 1980, in Electronic and Atomic Collisions, ICPEAC XI, edited by N. Oda and K. Takayanagi (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 271
  137. Hotop, H., G. Hübler, and L. Kaufhold, 1975, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. 17, 163
  138. Hotop, H., E. Illenberger, H. Morgner, and A. Niehaus, 1971, Chem. Phys. Lett. 10, 493
  139. Hotop, H., E. Kolb, and J. Lorenzen, 1979, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 16, 213
  140. Hotop, H., J. Lorenzen, and A. Zastrow, 1981, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 23, 347
  141. Hotop, H., and A. Niehaus, 1968, Z. Phys. 215, 395
  142. Hotop, H., and A. Niehaus, 1969a, Chem. Phys. Lett. 3, 687
  143. Hotop, H., and A. Niehaus, 1969b, Z. Phys. 228, 68
  144. Hotop, H., and A. Niehaus, 1970a, Z. Phys. 238, 452
  145. Hotop, H., and A. Niehaus, 1970b, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. 5, 415
  146. Hotop, H., and A. Niehaus, 1971, Chem. Phys. Lett. 8, 497
  147. Hotop, H., A. Niehaus, and A. L. Schmeltekopf, 1969, Z. Phys. 229, 1
  148. Howard, J. S., J. P. Riola, R. D. Rundel, and R. F. Stebbings, 1973, J. Phys. B 6, L109
  149. Hulburt, H. M., and J. O. Hirschfelder, 1941, J. Chem. Phys. 9, 61
  150. Illenberger, E., and A. Niehaus, 1975, Z. Phys. B 20, 33
  151. Inaba, S., T. Goto, and S. Hattori, 1982a, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 51, 627
  152. Inaba, S., T. Goto, and S. Hattori, 1982b, J. Phys. D 15, 35
  153. Isaacson, A. D., 1979, J. Chem. Phys. 71, 180
  154. Isaacson, A. D., A. P. Hickman, and W. H. Miller, 1977, J. Chem. Phys. 67, 370
  155. Isaacson, A. D., C. W. McCurdy, and W. H. Miller, 1978, Chem. Phys. 34, 311
  156. Isaacson, A. D., and W. H. Miller, 1979, Chem. Phys. Lett. 62, 374
  157. Ishida, T., and K. Ohno, 1989, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 35, 257
  158. Jerram, P. A., and A. C. H. Smith, 1985, J. Phys. B 18, 1747
  159. Jesse, W. P., and J. Sadauskis, 1952, Phys. Rev. 88, 417
  160. Jordan, R. M., H. R. Siddiqui, and P. E. Siska, 1986, J. Chem. Phys. 84, 6719
  161. Kamke, B., W. Kamke, R. Herrmann, and I. V. Hertel, 1989, Z. Phys. D 11, 153
  162. Kaufman, V., and L. Minnhagen, 1972, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63, 1185
  163. Keller, W., H. Morgner, and W. A. Müller, 1986a, in Electronic and Atomic Collisions, ICPEAC XIV, edited by D. C. Lorents, W. E. Meyerhof, and J. R. Peterson (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 605
  164. Keller, W., H. Morgner, and W. A. Müller, 1986b, Mol. Phys. 57, 623
  165. Keller, W., H. Morgner, and W. A. Müller, 1986c, Mol. Phys. 58, 1039
  166. Kerstel, E. R. T., M. F. M. Janssens, K. A. H. Van Leeuwen, H. C. W. Beijerinck, 1988, Chem. Phys. 119, 325
  167. Khan, A., H. R. Siddiqui, D. W. Martin, and P. E. Siska, 1981, Chem. Phys. Lett. 84, 280
  168. Khan, A., H. R. Siddiqui, and P. E. Siska, 1991a, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 2588
  169. Khan, A., H. R. Siddiqui, and P. E. Siska, 1991b, J. Chem. Phys. 95, 3371
  170. Kimura, M., and N. F. Lane, 1990, Phys. Rev. A 41, 5938
  171. Kischlat, W., and H. Morgner, 1983, Z. Phys. A 312, 305
  172. Kischlat, W., and H. Morgner, 1985, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 35, 273
  173. Kołos, W., and H. M. Peek, 1976, Chem. Phys. 12, 381
  174. Kraft, T., T. Bregel, J. Ganz, K. Harth, M-W. Ruf, and H. Hotop, 1988, Z. Phys. D 10, 473
  175. Kroon, J. P. C., H. C. W. Beijerinck, B. J. Verhaar, and N. F. Verster, 1984, Chem. Phys. 90, 195
  176. Kroon, J. P. C., H. C. W. Beijerinck, and N. F. Verster, 1981, J. Chem. Phys. 74, 6528
  177. Kroon, J. P. C., A. C. Haverkorn, and H. C. W. Beijerinck, 1986, Chem. Phys. 103, 119
  178. Kroon, J. P. C., H. A. J. Senhorst, H. C. W. Beijerinck, B. J. Verhaar, and N. F. Verster, 1985, Phys. Rev. A 31, 3724
  179. Kucal, H., D. Hennecart, and F. Masnou-Seeuws, 1990, Chem. Phys. 45, 163
  180. Lam, K. S., and T. F. George, 1983, J. Phys. Chem. 87, 2799
  181. Lam, K. S., and T. F. George, 1984, Phys. Rev. A 29, 492
  182. Lam, K. S., T. F. George, and D. K. Bhattacharyya, 1983, Phys. Rev. A 27, 1353
  183. Langhoff, P. W., and C. T. Corcoran, 1974, J. Chem. Phys. 61, 146
  184. Lee, Y. T., 1988, in Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods, edited by G. Scoles (Oxford University Press, New York/Oxford), Vol. I, p. 553
  185. Leisin, O., and H. Morgner, 1984, Phys. Rev. A 30, 2791
  186. Leisin, O., H. Morgner, and W. Müller, 1982, Z. Phys. A 304, 23
  187. Leisin, O., H. Morgner, W. A. Müller, H. Seiberle, and J. Stegmaier, 1985a, Mol. Phys. 54, 1101
  188. Leisin, O., H. Morgner, W. A. Müller, H. Seiberle, and J. Stegmaier, 1985b, Mol. Phys. 55, 225
  189. Le Nadan, A., G. Le Coz, F. Tuffin, and J. Peresse, 1982, J. Phys. (Paris) 43, 1607
  190. Le Nadan, A., G. Le Coz, and F. Tuffin, 1989a, J. Phys. (Paris) 50, 387
  191. Le Nadan, A., G. Le Coz, and F. Tuffin, 1989b, J. Phys. (Paris) 50, 1777
  192. Le Nadan, A., G. Sinou, and F. Tuffin, 1989, Chem. Phys. Lett. 156, 24
  193. Leone, S. R., and V. M. Bierbaum, 1987, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 84, 253
  194. Leu, M. T., and P. E. Siska, 1974a, J. Chem. Phys. 60, 2179
  195. Leu, M. T., and P. E. Siska, 1974b, J. Chem. Phys. 60, 4082
  196. Levine, R. D., and R. B. Bernstein, 1987, Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Chemical Reactivity (Oxford University Press, London)
  197. Light, J. C., 1967, Discuss. Faraday Soc. 44, 14
  198. Longley, E. J., M. F. Falcetta, and P. E. Siska, 1992, unpublished
  199. Lorenzen, J., H. Hotop, and M.-W. Ruf, 1986, Z. Phys. D 1, 261
  200. Lorenzen, J., H. Hotop, M-W. Ruf, and H. Morgner, 1980, Z. Phys. A 297, 19
  201. Lorenzen, J., H. Morgner, W. Bussert, M.-W. Ruf, and H. Hotop, 1983, Z. Phys. A 310, 141
  202. Magnuson, G. D., and R. H. Neynaber, 1974, J. Chem. Phys. 60, 3385
  203. Manus, C., A. Pesnelle, and G. Watel, 1978, in Electronic and Atomic Collisions, ICPEAC X, edited by G. Watel (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 525
  204. Martin, W. C., 1973, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 2, 257
  205. Martin, D. W., D. Bernfeld, and P. E. Siska, 1984, Chem. Phys. Lett. 110, 298
  206. Martin, D. W., T. Fukuyama, R. W. Gregor, R. M. Jordan, and P. E. Siska, 1976, J. Chem. Phys. 65, 3720
  207. Martin, D. W., T. Fukuyama, and P. E. Siska, 1990, J. Chem. Phys. 92, 5963
  208. Martin, D. W., R. W. Gregor, R. M. Jordan, and P. E. Siska, 1978, J. Chem. Phys. 69, 2833
  209. Martin, D. W., and P. E. Siska, 1985, J. Chem. Phys. 82, 2630
  210. Martin, D. W., and P. E. Siska, 1988, J. Chem. Phys. 89, 240
  211. Martin, D. W., C. Weiser, R. F. Sperlein, D. L. Bernfeld, and P. E. Siska, 1989, J. Chem. Phys. 90, 1564
  212. McLaughlin, D. R., and D. L. Thompson, 1979, J. Chem. Phys. 70, 2748
  213. Merz, A., M. W. Müller, M.-W. Ruf, H. Hotop, W. Meyer, and M. Movre, 1989, Chem. Phys. Lett. 160, 377
  214. Merz, A., M. W. Müller, M-W. Ruf, H. Hotop, W. Meyer, and M. Movre, 1990, Chem. Phys. 145, 219
  215. Micha, D. A., 1976, in Dynamics of Molecular Collisions, edited by W. H. Miller (Plenum, New York), Part A, p. 81
  216. Micha, D. A., and H. Nakamura, 1975, Phys. Rev. A 11, 1988
  217. Micha, D. A., and R. D. Piacentini, 1982, Phys. Rev. A 25, 204
  218. Miller, S., J. Tennyson, B. Follmeg, P. Rosmus, and H. J. Werner, 1988, J. Chem. Phys. 89, 2178
  219. Miller, W. H., 1966, Phys. Rev. 152, 70
  220. Miller, W. H., 1970a, Chem. Phys. Lett. 4, 627
  221. Miller, W. H., 1970b, J. Chem. Phys. 52, 3563
  222. Miller, W. H., and H. Morgner, 1977, J. Chem. Phys. 67, 4923
  223. Miller, W. H., and H. F. Schaefer III, 1970, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 1421
  224. Miller, W. H., C. A. Slocomb, and H. F. Schaefer III, 1972, J. Chem. Phys. 56, 1347
  225. Minnhagen, L., 1973, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63, 1185
  226. Mitsuke, K., K. Kusafuka, and K. Ohno, 1989, J. Phys. Chem. 93, 3062
  227. Mitsuke, K., T. Takami, and K. Ohno, 1989, J. Chem. Phys. 91, 1618
  228. Molof, R. A., H. L. Schwartz, T. M. Miller, and B. Bederson, 1974, Phys. Rev. A 10, 1131
  229. Moore, C. E., 1970, Ionization Potentials and Ionization Limits, Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. No. 34 (U.S. GPO, Washington, D.C.)
  230. Moore, C. E., 1971, Atomic Energy Levels, Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. No. 35 (U.S. GPO, Washington, D.C.), Vol. I-III
  231. Moore, J. H., C. C. Davis, and M. A. Coplan, 1989, Building Scientific Apparatus, 2nd ed. (Addison-Wesley, New York)
  232. Morgner, H., 1978, J. Phys. B 11, 269
  233. Morgner, H., 1979, J. Phys. B 12, 2171
  234. Morgner, H., 1982, Comments At. Mol. Phys. 11, 271
  235. Morgner, H., 1984, in Electronic and Atomic Collisions, ICPEAC XIII, edited by J. Eichler, I. V. Hertel, and N. Stolterfoht (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 451
  236. Morgner, H., 1985, J. Phys. B 18, 251
  237. Morgner, H., 1988, Comments At. Mol. Phys. 21, 195
  238. Morgner, H., 1990, Chem. Phys. 145, 239
  239. Morgner, H., and A. Niehaus, 1979, J. Phys. B 12, 1805
  240. Morgner, H., J. Oberbrodhage, K. Richter, and K. Roth, 1991a, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 3, 5639
  241. Morgner, H., J. Oberbrodhage, K. Richter, and K. Roth, 1991b, Mol. Phys. 73, 1011
  242. Morgner, H., J. Oberbrodhage, K. Richter, and K. Roth, 1991c, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 57, 61
  243. Mori, M., 1966, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 21, 979
  244. Mori, M., 1969, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 26, 773
  245. Mori, M., and H. Fujita, 1965, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 20, 432
  246. Mori, M., T. Wanatabe, and K. Katsuura, 1964, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 19, 380
  247. Müller, M. W., W. Bussert, M.-W. Ruf, H. Hotop, and W. Meyer, 1987, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2279
  248. Müller, M. W., A. Merz, M.-W. Ruf, H. Hotop, W. Meyer, and M. Movre, 1991, Z. Phys. D 21, 89
  249. Münzer, A., and A. Niehaus, 1981, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 23, 367
  250. Muschlitz, E. E., Jr., 1966, Adv. Chem. Phys. 10, 171
  251. Muschlitz, E. E., Jr., 1968, Science 159, 599
  252. Muschlitz, E. E., Jr., 1973, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 77, 628
  253. Nakamura, H., 1968a, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 24, 1353
  254. Nakamura, H., 1968b, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 25, 519
  255. Nakamura, H., 1969a, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 26, 614
  256. Nakamura, H., 1969b, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 26, 1473
  257. Nakamura, H., 1971, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 31, 574
  258. Neynaber, R. H., 1980, in Electronic and Atomic Collisions, ICPEAC XI, edited by N. Oda and K. Takayanagi (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 287
  259. Neynaber, R. H., and G. D. Magnuson, 1975a, J. Chem. Phys. 62, 4953
  260. Neynaber, R. H., and G. D. Magnuson, 1975b, Phys. Rev. A 11, 865
  261. Neynaber, R. H., and G. D. Magnuson, 1976, J. Chem. Phys. 65, 5239
  262. Neynaber, R. H., G. D. Magnuson, and J. K. Layton, 1972, J. Chem. Phys. 57, 5128
  263. Neynaber, R. H., and S. Y. Tang, 1978, J. Chem. Phys. 69, 4851
  264. Neynaber, R. H., and S. Y. Tang, 1980a, J. Chem. Phys. 72, 5783
  265. Neynaber, R. H., and S. Y. Tang, 1980b, J. Chem. Phys. 72, 6176
  266. Niehaus, A., 1980, Comments At. Mol. Phys. 9, 153
  267. Niehaus, A., 1981, Adv. Chem. Phys. 45, 399
  268. Niehaus, A., 1982, in Electronic and Atomic Collisions, ICPEAC XII, edited by S. Datz (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 237
  269. Niehaus, A., 1990, Phys. Rep. 186, 149
  270. Ohno, K., 1988, Theor. Chim. Acta 74, 239
  271. Ohno, K., and Y. Harada, 1991, in Theoretical Models of Chemical Bonding, edited by Z. B. Maksic (Springer, Berlin), Vol. 3, p. 199
  272. Ohno, K., K. Imai, and Y. Harada, 1985, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 8078
  273. Ohno, K., K. Imai, S. Matsumoto, and Y. Harada, 1983, J. Phys. Chem. 87, 4346
  274. Ohno, K., and T. Ishida, 1986, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 29, 677
  275. Ohno, K., T. Ishida, Y. Naitoh, and Y. Izumi, 1985, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 8082
  276. Ohno, K., S. Matsumoto, and Y. Harada, 1984a, J. Chem. Phys. 81, 2183
  277. Ohno, K., S. Matsumoto, and Y. Harada, 1984b, J. Chem. Phys. 81, 4447
  278. Ohno, K., S. Matsumoto, K. Imai, and Y. Harada, 1984, J. Phys. Chem. 88, 206
  279. Ohno, K., H. Mutoh, and Y. Harada, 1983, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 4555
  280. Ohno, K., T. Takami, and K. Mitsuke, 1991, J. Chem. Phys. 94, 2675
  281. Ohno, K., S. Takano, and K. Mase, 1986, J. Phys. Chem. 90, 2015
  282. Olson, R. E., F. T. Smith, and E. Bauer, 1971, Appl. Opt. 10, 1848
  283. O'Neil, S. V., and W. P. Reinhardt, 1978, J. Chem. Phys. 69, 2126
  284. Pack, R. T, 1974, J. Chem. Phys. 60, 633
  285. Padial, N. T., J. S. Cohen, R. L. Martin, and N. F. Lane, 1989, Phys. Rev. A 40, 117
  286. Padial, N. T., R. L. Martin, J. S. Cohen, and N. F. Lane, 1989, Phys. Rev. A 39, 2715
  287. Parker, G. A., and R. T Pack, 1978, J. Chem. Phys. 68, 1585
  288. Parr, T. P., D. Hanson-Parr, and R. M. Martin, 1979, in Eleventh International Conference on the Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions, ICPEAC XI, Abstracts of Contributed Papers, edited by K. Takaynagi and N. Oda (The Society for Atomic Collision Research, Japan), p. 878
  289. Parr, T. P., D. M. Parr, and R. M. Martin, 1982, J. Chem. Phys. 76, 316
  290. Pauly, H., 1988, in Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods, edited by G. Scoles (Oxford University Press, New York/Oxford), Vol. I, pp. 83, 124
  291. Pazun, J. L., K. M. Beer, C. Weiser, and P. E. Siska, 1992, unpublished
  292. Penning, F. M., 1927, Naturwissenschaften 15, 818
  293. Pesnelle, A., and S. Runge, 1984a, J. Phys. B 17, 4689
  294. Pesnelle, A., and S. Runge, 1984b, in Electronic and Atomic Collisions, ICPEAC XIII, edited by J. Eichler, I. V. Hertel, and N. Stolterfoht (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 559
  295. Pesnelle, A., S. Runge, M. Perdrix, D. Sevin, and G. Watel, 1983, J. Phys. B 16, L193
  296. Pesnelle, A., S. Runge, D. Sevin, N. Wolffer, and G. Watel, 1981, J. Phys. B 14, 1827
  297. Pesnelle, A., G. Watel, and C. Manus, 1975, J. Chem. Phys. 62, 3590
  298. Pollard, J. E., D. J. Trevor, Y. T. Lee, and D. A. Shirley, 1981, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 52, 1837
  299. Preston, R. K., and J. S. Cohen, 1976, J. Chem. Phys. 65, 1589
  300. Ramsey, N. F., 1956, Molecular Beams (Oxford University Press, London)
  301. Rapp, D., and W. E. Francis, 1962, J. Chem. Phys. 37, 2631
  302. Rice, O. K., 1933, J. Chem. Phys. 1, 375
  303. Riddle, T. W., M. Onellian, F. B. Dunning, and G. K. Walters, 1981, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 52, 797
  304. Riley, S. J., P. E. Siska, and D. R. Herschbach, 1979, Faraday Disc. Chem. Soc. 67, 27
  305. Riola, J. P., J. S. Howard, R. D. Rundel, and R. F. Stebbings, 1974, J. Phys. B 7, 376
  306. Robert, J., V. Bocvarski, B. Stern, J. Reinhardt, and J. Baudon, 1987, Z. Phys. D 6, 279
  307. Rosmus, P., and E. A. Reinsch, 1980, Z. Naturforsch. Teil A 35, 1066
  308. Rothe, E. W., R. H. Neynaber, and S. Trujillo, 1965, J. Chem. Phys. 42, 3310
  309. Ruf, M.-W., A. J. Yencha, and H. Hotop, 1987, Z. Phys. D 5, 9
  310. Rundel, R. D., F. B. Dunning, and R. F. Stebbings, 1974, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 45, 116
  311. Sachs, E. S., J. Hinze, and N. H. Sabelli, 1975, J. Chem. Phys. 62, 3367
  312. Sanders, R. A., A. N. Schweid, M. Weiss, and E. E. Muschlitz, Jr., 1976, J. Chem. Phys. 65, 2700
  313. Schaefer, H. F., III, 1984, Quantum Chemistry: The Development of Ab Initio Methods in Molecular Electronic Structure Theory (Clarendon, Oxford)
  314. Schall, H., T. Beckert, J. M. Alvarino, F. Vecchiocattivi, and V. Kempter, 1981, Nuovo Cimento B 63, 378
  315. Scheibner, K. F., J. S. Cohen, R. L. Martin, and N. F. Lane, 1987, Phys. Rev. A 36, 2633
  316. Schmeltekopf, A. L., and F. C. Fehsenfeld, 1970, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 3173
  317. Schohl, S., D. Klar, T. Kraft, H. A. J. Meijer, M.-W. Ruf, U. Schmitz, S. J. Smith, and H. Hotop, 1991, Z. Phys. D 21, 25
  318. Schohl, S., M. W. Müller, H. A. J. Meijer, M.-W. Ruf, H. Hotop, and H. Morgner, 1990, Z. Phys. D 16, 237
  319. Schohl, S.M. W. MüllerH. A. J. MeijerM.-W. RufH. HotopH. MorgnerScoles, G., 1988, Ed., Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods (Oxford University Press, New York/Oxford), Vol. I
  320. Sheldon, J. W., and K. A. Hardy, 1983, Phys. Lett. A 98, 332
  321. Shimizu, F., K. Shimizu, and H. Takama, 1990, Chem. Phys. 145, 327
  322. Sholette, W. P., and E. E. Muschlitz, Jr., 1962, J. Chem. Phys. 36, 3368
  323. Siddiqui, H. R., D. Bernfeld, and P. E. Siska, 1984, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 567
  324. Siegert, A. J. F., 1939, Phys. Rev. 56, 750
  325. Simon, W., A. J. Yencha, M.-W. Ruf, and H. Hotop, 1988, Z. Phys. D 8, 71
  326. Siska, P. E., 1973, J. Chem. Phys. 59, 6052
  327. Siska, P. E., 1979a, Chem. Phys. Lett. 63, 25
  328. Siska, P. E., 1979b, J. Chem. Phys. 71, 3942
  329. Siska, P. E., 1984, Comments At. Mol. Phys. 15, 155
  330. Siska, P. E., 1986, J. Chem. Phys. 85, 7497
  331. Smalley, R. E., D. J. Auerbach, P. S. H. Fitch, D. H. Levy, and L. Wharton, 1977, J. Chem. Phys. 66, 3778
  332. Small-Warren, N. E., and L.-C. Y. Chiu, 1975, Phys. Rev. A 11, 1777
  333. Smith, G. M., and E. E. Muschlitz, Jr., 1960, J. Chem. Phys. 33, 1819
  334. Snyder, H. L., B. T. Smith, and R. M. Martin, 1983, Chem. Phys. Lett. 94, 90
  335. Someda, K., N. Kosugi, T. Kondow, and K. Kuchitsu, 1989, J. Phys. Chem. 93, 35
  336. Sonnenfroh, D. M., and S. R. Leone, 1987a, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 5041
  337. Sonnenfroh, D. M., and S. R. Leone, 1987b, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 80, 63
  338. Sperlein, R. F., 1986, Ph.D. thesis (University of Pittsburgh)
  339. Spiegelmann, F., F. X. Gadea, and M. C. Castex, 1990, Chem. Phys. 45, 173
  340. Spiegelmann, F.F. X. GadeaM. C. CastexStebbings, R. F., and F. B. Dunning, 1983, Eds., Rydberg States of Atoms and Molecules (Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK)
  341. Szabo, A., and N. S. Ostlund, 1982, Modern Quantum Chemistry: Introduction to Advanced Electronic Structure Theory (Macmillan, New York)
  342. Tang, K. T., and J. P. Toennies, 1984, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 3726
  343. Tang, S. Y., A. B. Marcus, and E. E. Muschlitz, Jr., 1972, J. Chem. Phys. 56, 566
  344. Taylor, E. H., and S. Datz, 1955, J. Chem. Phys. 23, 1711
  345. Tellinghuisen, J., A. Ragone, M. S. Kim, D. J. Auerbach, R. E. Smalley, L. Wharton, and D. H. Levy, 1979, J. Chem. Phys. 71, 1283
  346. Theuws, P. G. A., H. C. W. Beijerinck, and N. F. Verster, 1982, J. Phys. E 15, 328
  347. Theuws, P. G. A., H. C. W. Beijerinck, N. F. Verster, and D. C. Schram, 1982, J. Phys. E 15, 573
  348. Tsuji, M., 1990, in The Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions (XVI International Conference), AIP Conference Proceedings No. 205, edited by A. Dalgarno (AIP, New York), p. 342
  349. Tuffin, F., G. Le Coz, and A. Le Nadan, 1987, J. Phys. (Paris) 46, 1291
  350. Tuffin, F., G. Le Coz, and J. Peresse, 1980a, J. Phys. Lett. 41, 109
  351. Tuffin, F., G. Le Coz, and J. Peresse, 1980b, C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. B 291, 141
  352. Tuffin, F., G. Le Coz, and J. Peresse, 1981, J. Phys. Lett. 42, 25
  353. Tuffin, F., A. Le Nadan, and J. Peresse, 1984, Phys. Lett. A 106, 23
  354. Tuffin, F., A. Le Nadan, and J. Peresse, 1985, J. Phys. (Paris) 46, 181
  355. Tyndall, G. W., M. S. de Vries, and R. M. Martin, 1984, Chem. Phys. Lett. 110, 400
  356. van den Berg, F. T. M., J. H. M. Schonenberg, and H. C. W. Beijerinck, 1987, Chem. Phys. 115, 359
  357. Van Dyck, R. S., Jr., C. E. Johnson, and H. A. Shugart, 1970, Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 1403
  358. Van Dyck, R. S., Jr., C. E. Johnson, and H. A. Shugart, 1971, Phys. Rev. A 4, 1327
  359. Van Dyck, R. S., Jr., C. E. Johnson, and H. A. Shugart, 1972, Phys. Rev. A 5, 991
  360. Vassilev, G., F. Perales, C. Miniatura, J. Robert, J. Reinhardt, F. Vecchiocattivi, and J. Baudon, 1990, Z. Phys. D 17, 101
  361. Verheijen, M. J., and H. C. W. Beijerinck, 1984, in Rarefied Gas Dynamics, Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium, edited by H. Oguchi (University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo), Vol. 2, p. 1001
  362. Verheijen, M. J., and H. C. W. Beijerinck, 1986, Chem. Phys. 102, 255
  363. Verheijen, M. J., H. C. W. Beijerinck, W. A. Renes, and N. F. Verster, 1984, J. Phys. E 17, 1207
  364. Verheijen, M. J., H. C. W. Beijerinck, L. H. A. M. Van Moll, J. Driessen, and N. F. Verster, 1984, J. Phys. E 17, 904
  365. Verheijen, M. J., H. C. W. Beijerinck, and N. F. Verster, 1985, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 56, 62
  366. Victor, G. A., A. Dalgarno, and A. J. Taylor, 1968, J. Phys. B 1, 13
  367. Vojtik, J., and I. Paidarova, 1986, Chem. Phys. 108, 115
  368. Vredenbregt, E. J. D., W. Boom, R. J. F. van Gerwen, H. C. W. Beijerinck, 1990, Chem. Phys. 145, 267
  369. Waibel, H., M.-W. Ruf, and H. Hotop, 1988, Z. Phys. D 9, 191
  370. Wang, D. P., S. Y. Tang, and R. H. Neynaber, 1987, J. Phys. B 20, 1527
  371. Warnock, T. T., and R. B. Bernstein, 1968, J. Chem. Phys. 49, 1818
  372. Weiner, J., F. Masnou-Seeuws, and A. Giusti-Suzor, 1989, Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 26, 209
  373. Weiser, C., and P. E. Siska, 1986, J. Chem. Phys. 85, 4746
  374. Weiser, C., and P. E. Siska, 1987, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58, 2124
  375. Weiser, C., and P. E. Siska, 1988, Z. Phys. D 10, 165
  376. Weissman, G., J. Ganz, A. Siegel, H. Waibel, and H. Hotop, 1984, Opt. Commun. 49, 335
  377. West, W. P., T. B. Cook, F. B. Dunning, R. D. Rundel, and R. F. Stebbings, 1975, J. Chem. Phys. 63, 1237
  378. Woodard, M. R., R. C. Sharp, M. Seely, and E. E. Muschlitz, Jr., 1978, J. Chem. Phys. 69, 2978
  379. Woodworth, J. R., and H. W. Moos, 1975, Phys. Rev. A 12, 2455
  380. Yencha, A. J., 1984, in Electron Spectroscopy: Theory, Techniques and Applications, edited by C. R. Brundle and A. D. Baker (Academic, London), Vol. 5, p. 197
  381. Yencha, A. J., 1985, in Gas-Phase Chemiluminescence and Chemi-Ionization, edited by A. Fontijn (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 67
  382. Yencha, A. J., J. Ganz, M.-W. Ruf, and H. Hotop, 1989, Z. Phys. D 14, 57
  383. Yencha, A. J., M.-W. Ruf, and H. Hotop, 1991, Z. Phys. D 21, 113
  384. Yoshino, K., and D. E. Freeman, 1985, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 2, 1268
  385. Yoshino, K., and Y. Tanaka, 1979, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 159
  386. Zare, R. N., 1988, Angular Momentum: Understanding Spatial Aspects in Chemistry and Physics (Wiley, New York)
  387. Zemke, W. T., R. E. Olson, K. K. Verma, W. C. Stwalley, and B. Liu, 1984, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 356

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 65, 337– Published 1 April, 1993

    © 1993 American Physical Society

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation