- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

On waves in gases. Part II: Interaction of sound with magnetic and internal modes

L. M. B. C. Campos

L. M. B. C. Campos

  • Instituto Superior Técnico, 1096 Lisboa codex, Portugal and Instituto de Física-Matemática, 1099 Lisboa codex, Portugal

PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 363 – Published 1 April, 1987

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.59.363

Abstract

This work completes a two-part review on waves in gases, of which the first part [Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 117 (1986)] dealt with the modern aspects of acoustics of jets, turbulence, and ducts; this second part extends the range of topics from sound to magnetic, internal, and (to a lesser extent) inertial waves, thus considering all four restoring forces (pressure, gravity, and Lorentz and Coriolis forces). The motivations for the study of these waves were outlined in the introduction to Part I. Part II reviews the coupling of acoustic, magnetic, and internal waves, in four stages: in Sec. I dispersion relations are used to study the propagation and radiation of magneto-acoustic-gravity-inertial waves in media for which the wave speeds and scattering scales are constant; in Sec. II the case of linear waves in stratified media, with nonuniform propagation velocity, is then discussed by means of special functions, appearing as exact solutions of second-order problems; in Sec. III the study of linear waves with variable propagation speeds is extended to certain classes of higher-order problems including a discussion of cutoff frequencies, critical levels, partition of energy, mode coupling and conversion, etc; in Sec. IV the preceding studies are extended to damped and nonlinear waves, to include dissipation with variable damping scales and large disturbances in media under nonuniform external forces, such as magnetic flux tubes. The conclusion (Sec. V) sums up both parts of the review, in the sense that it deals with all types of waves in fluids; it mentions a few currently controversial topics, points out some directions for future research, and indicates methods available to address these issues.

View figure in article

References (839)

  1. Abramowitz, M., and I. A. Stegun, 1964 Handbook of Mathematical Functions (Dover, New York)
  2. Achenback, J. D., 1973, Waves in Solids (North-Holland, Amsterdam)
  3. Acheson, D. J., 1972, "The critical level for hydromagnetic waves in a rotating fluid," J. Fluid Mech. 53, 401
  4. Acheson, D. J., 1978, "On the instability of toroidal magnetic fields and differential rotation in stars," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 289, 459
  5. Acheson, D. J., and R. Hide, 1973, "Hydromagnetics of rotating fluids," Rep. Prog. Phys. 36, 159
  6. Achterberg, A., and R. D. Blandford, 1986, "Transmission and damping of hydromagnetic waves behind a strong shock front: implications for cosmic ray acceleration," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 218, 551
  7. Adam, J. A., 1975, "Viscous damping of non-linear magneto-acoustic waves," Astrophys. Space. Sci. 36, 479
  8. Adam, J. A., 1977a, "Solar magnetoatmospheric waves—a simplified mathematical treatment," Astron. Astrophys. 60, 171
  9. Adam, J. A., 1977b, "On the occurrence of critical levels in solar magneto-hydrodynamics," Solar Phys. 52, 293
  10. Adam, J. A., 1981, "Mechanical energy flux in magnetospheres: discrete and continuous spectra," Astrophys. Space Sci. 78, 293
  11. Adam, J. A., 1982a, "Asymptotic solutions and spectral theory of linear wave equations," Phys. Rep. 5, 217
  12. Adam, J. A., 1982b, "A note on σ-stability in hydromagnetics," Astrophys. Space Sci. 82, 115
  13. Adam, J. A., 1982c, "On a class of atmospheres occurring in stellar hydrodynamic theory," Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 33, 473
  14. Adam, J. A., 1984, "The critical layers and other singular regions in ideal hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics," Astrophys. Space Sci. 105, 401
  15. Adam, J. A., and J. H. Thomas, 1984, "Magneto-atmospheric waves from a localized source," Astrophys. Space Sci. 106, 125
  16. Adam, M. G., 1985, "An interpretation of sunspot magnetic field observations," Solar Phys. 96, 27
  17. Ajmanova, G. K., A. K. Ajmanov, R. A. Gulyaev, 1982, "Study of brightness distribution across spicules from observations of the spicule occultation by the moon at the partial solar eclipse," Solar Phys. 79, 323
  18. Akasofu, S. I., and S. Chapman, 1972, Solar-Terrestrial Physics (Clarendon, Oxford, England)
  19. Alfvén, H. 1942, "On the existence of electromagnetic-hydrodynamic waves," Ark. Mat. Astron. Fys. B 29, 1
  20. Alfvén, H., 1945, "Magnetohydrodynamic waves and sunspots," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 105. 1
  21. Alfvén, H., 1947, "Granulation, magneto-hydrodynamic waves and the heating of the solar corona," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 107, 211
  22. Alfvén, H., 1948, Cosmical Electrodynamics (Oxford University Press, Oxford, England)
  23. Alfvén, H., 1954, On the Origin of the Solar System (Clarendon, Oxford, England)
  24. Alfvén, H., and C. G. Falthammer, 1962, Cosmical Electrodynamics (Oxford University Press, Oxford, England)
  25. Aly, J. J., 1984, "On some properties of force-free magnetic fields in infinite regions of space," Astrophys. J. 283, 349
  26. Ambartsumy'an, V. A., 1958, Theoretical Astrophysics (Pergamon, London)
  27. An, Ch. H., 1984, "The effect of line-tying on the radiative MHD stability of coronal plasmas with radial pressure profile," Astrophys. J. 284, 422
  28. Antia, H. M., S. M. Chitre, and D. Narashima, 1982, "Overstability of acoustic modes and the solar five-minute oscillations," Solar Phys. 77, 303
  29. Antiochos, S. K., 1984, "A dynamical model for the solar transition region," Astrophys. J. 280, 416
  30. Antiochos, S. K., and G. Noci, 1986, "The structure of the static corona and transition region," Astrophys. J. 301, 440
  31. Anzer, U., and D. J. Galloway, 1983, "A model for the magnetic field above supergranules," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 203, 637
  32. Anzer, U., and E. Priest, 1985, "Remarks on the magnetic support of quiescent prominences," Solar Phys. 95, 263
  33. Arion, D. N., 1984, "On the energetics of slow magnetic tearing," Astrophys. J. 247, 841
  34. Armstrong, J. W., and R. Woo, 1981, "Solar wind motion within 30R⊙: spacecraft radio scintillation observations," Astron. Astrophys. 103, 415
  35. Arter, W., M. R. E. Proctor, and D. J. Galloway, 1982, "New results on the mechanisms of magnetic flux pumping by three-dimensional convection," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 201, 57p
  36. Aström, E., 1950, "Magneto-hydrodynamic waves in a plasma," Nature (London) 165, 1019
  37. Athay, R. G., 1965, "Theoretical line intensities. III. Solar UV-lines and continua of H, He i and He ii and the chromospheric model," Astrophys. J. 145, 755
  38. Athay, R. G., 1966a, "Boundary conditions on model solar chromospheres," Solar Phys. 9, 51
  39. Athay, R. G., 1966b, "Theoretical line intensities. V. Solar UV emission lines of heavy elements," Astrophys. J. 145, 784
  40. Athay, R. G., 1972, Radiation Transport in Spectral Lines (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  41. Athay, R. G.Athay, R. G., 1974, Ed., Chromospheric Fine Structure, I.A.U. Symposium No. 51 (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  42. Athay, R. G., 1976, The Quiet Sun (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  43. Athay, R. G., 1982, "Responses of transition region models to magnetic field geometry and downflow velocities," Astrophys. J. 263, 982
  44. Athay, R. G., 1984, "The origin of spicules and heating of the lower transition region," Astrophys. J. 287, 412
  45. Athay, R. G., 1985, "The chromosphere and transition region—current status and future directions of models," Solar Phys. 100, 257
  46. Athay, R. G., J. B. Gurman, and W. Henze, 1983, "Fluid motions in the solar chromosphere-corona transition region. III. Active region flows from wide slit Dopplergrams," Astrophys. J. 269, 706
  47. Athay, R. G., and T. E. Holzer, 1982, "The role of spicules in heating the solar atmosphere," Astrophys. J. 255, 743
  48. Athay, R. G., H. P. Jones, and H. Zirin, 1985, "Magnetic shear. I. Hale Region 16918," Astrophys. J. 288, 363
  49. Axford, W. I., 1985, "The solar wind," Solar Phys. 100, 575
  50. Ayres, T. R., and J. L. Linsky, 1976, "The Mg ii h and k lines. II. Comparison with synthesized profiles and Ca ii k," Astrophys. J. 205, 874
  51. Bahcall, J. N., 1987, "Neutrino-electron scattering and solar neutrino experiments," Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 505
  52. Bahcall, J. N., W. F. Huebner, S. H. Lubow, P. D. Parker, and R. K. Ulrich, 1982, "Standard solar models and the uncertainties of predicted capture rates of solar neutrinos," Rev. Mod. Phys. 54, 767
  53. Bailey, W. N., 1935, The Generalized Hypergeometric Series (Cambride University Press, Cambridge, England)
  54. Balthasar, H., G. Lustig, D. Stark, and H. Wöhl, 1986, "The solar rotation elements i and Ω derived from sunspot groups," Astron. Astrophys. 160, 277
  55. Balthasar, H., M. Knolker, G. Stellmacher, and E. Wiehr, 1986, "Evidence for quasi-periodic Doppler motions in solar prominences," Astron. Astrophys. 163, 343
  56. Banos, A., 1955, "Magneto-hydrodynamic waves in incompressible and compressible fluids," Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 233, 350
  57. Barnes, A., and J. V. Hollweg, 1974, "Large-amplitude hydromagnetic waves," J. Geophys. Res. 79, 2302
  58. Bashkirtsev, V. S., N. I. Kobanov, and G. P. Mashnich, 1983, "The observations of 80-min oscillations in the quiescent prominences," Solar Phys. 82, 443
  59. Bashkirtsev, V. I., and G. P. Mashnich, 1984, "Oscillatory processes in prominences," Solar Phys. 91, 93
  60. Basri, G. S., J. L. Linsky, J. D. F. Bartoe, G. Bruecker, and M. E. Van Hoosier, 1979, "Lyman-alpha rocket spectra and models of the quiet and active solar chromosphere based on partial redistribution diagnostics," Astrophys. J. 230, 924
  61. Bassgen, M., and F. L. Deubner, 1982, "On the magnitude and height dependence of the granular vertical flow velocity," Astron. Astophys. 111, L1
  62. Batchelor, G. K., 1950, "On the spontaneous magnetic field in a conducting fluid in turbulent motion," Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 201, 405
  63. Batistoni, P., G. Einaudi, and C. Chiuderi, 1985, "Resistive instabilities in coronal conditions," Solar Phys. 97, 309
  64. Bechert, D., and E. Pfizenmaier, 1975, "On the amplification of jet noise by pure tone excitation," J. Sound Vib. 43, 581
  65. Beckers, J. M., 1968, "Solar spicules," Solar Phys. 3, 367
  66. Beckers, J. M., 1972, "Solar spicules," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 10, 73
  67. Beckers, J. M., and R. C. Canfield, 1975, Horizontal velocities in the solar chromosphere (Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory), Report No. AFCRL-75-486
  68. Beckers, J. M., and E. H. Schröter, 1968, "The intensity, velocity and magnetic structure of a sunspot region. II. Some properties of umbral dots," Solar Phys. 4, 303
  69. Beer, T., 1974, Atmospheric Waves (Wiley, New York)
  70. Bel, N., and B. Leroy, 1981, "Propagation of waves in an atmosphere in the presence of a magnetic field. IV. Alfvén waves in sunspot umbrae," Astron. Astrophys. 104, 203
  71. Bel, N., and P. Mein, 1971, "Propagation of magneto-acoustic waves along the gravitational field in an isothermal atmosphere," Astron. Astrophys. 11, 234
  72. Belcher, J. W., and L. Davis, 1971, "Large-amplitude Alfvén waves in the interplanetary medium. 2," J. Geophys. Res. 76, 3534
  73. Belcher, J. W., L. Davis, and E. J. Smith, 1969, "Large amplitude Alfvén waves in the interplanetary medium," J. Geophys. Res. 74, 2302
  74. Benjamin, T. B., 1967, "Internal waves of permanent form in fluids of great depth," J. Fluid Mech. 29, 559
  75. Beranek, L. L., 1954, Acoustics (McGraw-Hill, New York)
  76. Berger, M. A., and G. B. Field, 1984, "The topological properties of magnetic helicity," J. Fluid Mech. 147, 133
  77. Berton, R., 1985, "Basic geometrical properties of the velocity and magnetic field in sunspots," Astron. Astrophys. 149, 291
  78. Berton, R., 1986, "Correlation of the velocity and magnetic field in a solar active region," Astron. Astrophys. 161, 381
  79. Berton, R., and J. Rayrole, 1985, "Overstable vertical velocity oscillations coupled with magnetic field torsional oscillations in active regions," Astron. Astrophys. 152, 219
  80. Bessey, R. J., and D. H. Liebenberg, 1984, "Coronal temperature measurements near a helmet structure base at the 1973 solar eclipse," Solar Phys. 94, 239
  81. Biermann, L., 1946, "Zur Deutung der chromosphärischen turbulenz und des UV-Exzesses der Sonnenstrahlung," Z. Astrophys. 25, 161
  82. Biermann, L., 1948, "Ueber die Ursache der chromospharichen turbulenz under des Exzesses der UV-Strahlung der Sonne," Naturwissenschaften 33, 118
  83. Blake, M. L., and P. A. Sturrock, 1985, "Spicules and surges," Astrophys. J. 290, 359
  84. Bogdan, T. J., 1984, "Propagation of axisymmetric disturbances in a twisted magnetic flux tube," Astrophys. J. 282, 769
  85. Bogdan, T. J., and I. Lerche, 1985, "Dynamical evolution of large-scale, two-dimensional, fibril magnetic fields," Astrophys. J. 296, 719
  86. Bohlin, J. D., S. N. Vogel, J. D. Purcell, N. R. Sheeley, R. Tousey, and M. E. Van Hoosier, 1977, "A newly observed solar feature: macrospicules in He ii 304 Å," Astrophys. J. 197, L133
  87. Bonnet, B. M., M. Bruner, L. W. Acton, W. A. Brown, M. Decaudin, and B. Foing, 1982, "Rocket photographs of fine structure and wave patterns in the solar temperature minimum," Astron. Astrophys. 111, 125
  88. Bonnet, B. M.M. BrunerL. W. ActonW. A. BrownM. DecaudinB. FoingBonnet, R. M., and K. Dupree, 1981, Eds., Solar Phenomena in Stars and Stellar Systems, NATO Advanced Study Institute, Bonas, France, 1980 (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  89. Booker, J. R., and F. P. Bretherton, 1967, "The critical level for internal gravity waves in a shear flow," J. Fluid Mech. 27, 513
  90. Boussinesp, J., 1878, Théorie de la Chaleur (Gauthier-Villars, Paris)
  91. Bray, R. J., and R. E. Loughhead, 1974, The Solar Chromosphere (Chapman and Hall, London)
  92. Bray, R. J., and R. E. Loughhead, 1986, "High-resolution photography of the solar chromosphere. XXIII. Direct measurement of the optical thickness of Hα solar loops," Astrophys. J. 301, 989
  93. Brekhovskikh, L. M., 1960, Waves in Layered Media (Academic, New York), 2nd ed., 1980
  94. Brekhovskikh, L. M., and Y. P. Lysanov, 1982, Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics (Springer, Berlin)
  95. Bretherton, F. P., 1966, "The propagation of groups of internal waves in a shear flow," Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 92, 466
  96. Brillouin, L., 1926, "La mécanique ondulatoire de Schrödinger: une méthode génerale de solution par approximations sucessives," C. R. Acad. Sci. 183, 24
  97. Bromwich, J. T. A., 1927, Infinite Series (MacMillan, London)
  98. Brookes, J. R., G. R. Isaak, and H. B. Van Der Raay, 1976, "Observations of free oscillations of the sun," Nature (London) 259, 92
  99. Browning, P. K., and E. R. Priest, 1986, "Heating of coronal arcades by magnetic tearing turbulence, using the Taylor-Heyvaerts hypothesis," Astron. Astrophys. 159, 129
  100. Bruecker, G., 1980, "A high-resolution view of the solar chromosphere and corona," Highlights Astron. 5, 557
  101. Brueckner, G. E., and J. D. F. Bartoe, 1983, "Observations of high-energy jets in the corona above the quiet sun, the heating of the corona and acceleration of the solar wind," Astrophys. J. 272, 329
  102. Bruner, E. C., 1981, "OS08 observational limits to the acoustic coronal heating mechanism," Astrophys. J. 247, 317
  103. Bruzek, A., and C. J. Durrant, 1977, Glossary for Solar Physics (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  104. Bullard, E., 1955, "A discussion on magneto-hydrodynamics," Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 233, 289
  105. Burgers, J. M., 1948, "A mathematical model illustrating the theory of turbulence," Adv. Appl. Math. 10, 171
  106. Burgers, J. M., 1974, The Non-Linear Diffusion Equation (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  107. Burlaga, L. F., and J. M. Turner, 1976, "Microscale `Alfvén' waves in the solar wind at 1AU," J. Geophys. Res. 81, 73
  108. Burton, W. M., C. Jordan, A. Ridgeley, and R. Wilson, 1971, "The structure of the chromosphere-corona transition region from limb and disk intensities," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 270, 81
  109. Cabannes, H., 1970, Theoretical Magnetofluid-Dynamics (Academic, New York)
  110. Cady, W. G., 1946, Piezoelectricity (McGraw-Hill, New York; reprinted, Dover, New York, 1964)
  111. Callen, H., 1970, Thermodynamics (Wiley, New York)
  112. Cally, P. S., 1983, "Umbral oscillations in the presence of a spreading magnetic field," Solar Phys. 88, 77
  113. Cally, P. S., 1984, "Magnetohydrodynamic critical levels and radiative damping," Astron. Astrophys. 136, 121
  114. Cally, P. S., 1986, "Leaky and non-leaky oscillations in magnetic flux tubes," Solar Phys. 103, 277
  115. Cally, P. S., and J. A. Adam, 1983, "On photospheric and chromospheric penumbral waves," Solar Phys. 85, 97
  116. Campbell, L., and J. W. Moffat, 1983, "Quadrupole moment of the sun and the planetary orbits," Astrophys. J. 275, L77
  117. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1977, "On the generation and radiation of magneto-acoustic waves," J. Fluid Mech. 81, 529
  118. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1978a, "On the emission of sound by an ionized inhomogeneity," Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 351, 65
  119. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1978b, "The spectral broadening of sound by turbulent shear layers. Part I: Transmission of sound through turbulent shear layers," J. Fluid Mech. 89, 723
  120. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1978c, "The spectral broadening of sound by turbulent shear layers. Part II: Spectral broadening of sound and aircraft noise," J. Fluid Mech. 89, 751
  121. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1982, "On the anisotropic, dispersive, and dissipative wave equations," Port. Math. 41, 13
  122. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1983a, "On waves in non-isothermal, compressible, viscous and ionized atmospheres," Solar Phys. 82, 355
  123. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1983b, "Modern trends in research on waves in fluids. Part I: Generation and scattering by turbulent and inhomogeneous flows," Port. Phys. 14, 121
  124. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1983c, "On two-dimensional acoustic-gravity waves in model non-isothermal atmospheres," Wave Motion 5, 1
  125. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1983d, "On magnetoacoustic-gravity waves propagating or standing vertically in an atmosphere," J. Phys. A 16, 417
  126. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1983e, "On viscous and resistive dissipation of hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic waves in atmospheres," J. Méc, Théor. Appl. 2, 861
  127. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1983f, "Modern trends on research on waves in fluids. Part II: Propagation and dissipation in compressible and ionized atmospheres," Port. Phys. 14, 145
  128. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1984a, "On a theory of solar spicules and the atmospheric mass balance," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 205, 547
  129. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1984b, "On the heating of the solar chromosphere by hydromagnetic waves with a five-minute period," Mem. Soc. Astron. Ital. 55, 267
  130. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1984c, in 2th Liège Astrophysics, Symposium, edited by A. Noels and H. Gabriel (Liège University, Belgium), p. 393
  131. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1984d, "Sur la propagation du son dans les écoulements non-uniformes et non-stationaires," Rev. d'Acoust. 67, 217
  132. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1984e, "Some general properties of the exact acoustic fields in horns and baffles," J. Sound Vib. 95, 117
  133. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1984f, "On the propagation of sound in nozzles of varying cross-section containing a low Mach number mean flow," Z. Flugwiss. Weltraumf. 8, 97
  134. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1984g, "On a concept of derivative of complex order with application to special functions," I.A.M. J. Appl. Math. 33, 109
  135. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1984h, "On the influence of atmospheric disturbances on aircraft aerodynamics," Aeronaut. J., paper 1085, 257
  136. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1985a, "On vertical hydromagnetic waves in a compressible atmosphere under an oblique magnetic field," Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 32, 217
  137. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1985b, "On the fundamental acoustic mode in variable-area, low Mach number nozzles," Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 22, 1
  138. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1985c, "On rules of derivation with complex order for analytic and branched functions," Port. Math. 43, 347
  139. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1986a, "On waves in gases: acoustics of jets, turbulence, and ducts," Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 117
  140. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1986b, in Seismology of the Sun and the Distant Stars, edited by D. O. Gough (Reidel, Dordrecht), p. 293
  141. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1986c, "On linear and non-linear wave equations for the acoustics of high-speed potential flows," J. Sound Vib. 110, 41
  142. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1986d, "On aircraft flight performance in a perturbed atmosphere," Aeronaut J., paper 1305, 301
  143. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1986e, "On aircraft flight performance in a perturbed atmosphere," Aeronaut. J., paper 1305, 302
  144. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1986f, "On extensions of the Laurent's theorem in the fractional calculus with applications to the generation of higher transcendental functions," Mathem. Vesmik 38, 375
  145. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1986g, "On a systematic approach to some properties of special functions," I. A. M. J. Appl. Math. 36, 191
  146. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1987a, "On longitudinal acoustic propagation in convergent and divergent nozzle flows," J. Sound Vib., in press
  147. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1987b, "On the properties of hydromagnetic waves in the vicinity of critical levels and transition layers," Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. (to be published)
  148. Campos, L. M. B. C., 1987c, unpublished
  149. Campos, L. M. B. C., and J. F. P. G. C. Leitão, 1986, in Seismology of the Sun and the Distant Stars, edited by D. O. Gough (Reidel, Dordrecht), p. 281
  150. Campos, L. M. B. C., and J. F. P. G. C. Leitão, 1987, "On the computation of special functions with application to inhomogeneous and non-linear waves," J. Comp. Mech. (to be published)
  151. Candel, S. M., A. Guédel, and A. Julienne, 1976, in Refraction and Scattering of Sound in an Open Wind Tunnel Flow, Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities, Ottawa; tiré à part 1975-79, Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales (ONERA, Paris), p. 288
  152. Candel, S. M., A. Julienne, and M. Julliand, 1975, Etude de l'effet de masque produit par un écran fluide, Société National d'Etude et Construction de Moteurs d'Aviation (SNECMA), Villaroche, Paris, Fiche Tech. No. YKA-869
  153. Caratheodory, C., 1953, Theory of Functions (Birkhäuser, Basel; translation, Chelsea, New York, 1972)
  154. Cargill, P. J., and G. W. Pneuman, 1984, "Diamagnetic propulsion and energy balance of magnetic elements in the solar chromosphere and transition region," Astrophys. J. 276, 369
  155. Chandrasekhar, S., 1942, Principles of Stellar Dynamics (University of Chicago, Chicago; reprinted Dover, New York, 1960)
  156. Chandrasekhar, S., 1957, Stellar Structure (Dover, New York)
  157. Chandrasekhar, S., 1961, Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability (Oxford University Press, Oxford, England)
  158. Chapman, S., and J. Bartels, 1962, Geomagnetism (Clarendon, Oxford, England), Vols. I and II
  159. Chapman, S., and T. G. Cowling, 1949, Non-uniform Gases (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England; 3rd ed., 1970)
  160. Chen, C. J., and P. S. Lykoudis, 1972, "Velocity oscillations in solar plage regions," Solar Phys. 25, 380
  161. Chiu, Y. T., 1971, "Arbitrary amplitude magnetoacoustic waves under gravity: an exact solution," Phys. Fluids 14, 1717
  162. Chiuderi, C., G. Einaudi, and G. Torricelli-Ciamponi, 1981, "What can we learn from static models of coronal loops?" Astron. Astrophys. 97, 27
  163. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., and D. O. Gough, 1981, "Comparison of observed solar whole-disk oscillation frequencies with predictions of a sequence of solar models," Astron. Astrophys. 104, 173
  164. Claverie, A., G. R. Isaak, C. P. McLeod, H. B. Van Der Raay, and T. Rocas Cortes, 1981, "Rapid rotation of the solar interior," Nature (London) 293, 1
  165. Clayton, D. D., 1968, Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis (University of Chicago, Chicago; 2nd ed., 1983)
  166. Connor, J. W., W. H. Tang, and J. B. Taylor, 1983, "Influence of gyroradius and dissipation on the Alfvén wave continuum," Phys. Fluids 26, 158
  167. Courant, R., and D. Hilbert, 1953, Methods of Mathematical Physics (Wiley-Interscience, New York), Vols. 1 and 2
  168. Cowling, T. G., 1941, "The non-radial oscillations of polytropic stars," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 101, 367
  169. Cowling, T. G., 1960, Magnetohydrodynamics (Wiley-Interscience, New York; 2nd ed., 1980)
  170. Cowling, T. G., 1981, "The present status of dynamo theory," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 19, 115
  171. Cox, J. P., 1980, Theory of Stellar Pulsation (Princeton University Press, Princeton)
  172. Cram, L. E., and L. Damé, 1983, "High spatial and temporal resolution observations of the solar Ca ii h line," Astrophys. J. 272, 355
  173. Cramer, N. F., and I. J. Donnelly, 1985, "Perturbations of a twisted solar coronal loop: the relation between surface waves and instabilities," Solar Phys. 99, 119
  174. Crighton, D. G., 1979, "Model equations of non-linear acoustics," Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 11, 11
  175. Crighton, D. G., and F. G. Leppington, 1973, "Singular perturbation methods in acoustics: diffraction by a plate of finite thickness," Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 335, 313
  176. Cuperman, S., I. Tzur, and M. Dryer, 1984, "Numerical investigation of fluid models with full electron and proton thermal conduction equations for the quiet solar wind," Astrophys. J. 286, 763
  177. Damé, L., P. Gouttebroze, and J. M. Malherbe, 1984, "Observations and analysis of intensity oscillations in the solar K-line," Astron. Astrophys. 130, 125
  178. Danby, J. M. A., 1962, Fundamentals of Celestial Mechanics (MacMillan, New York)
  179. Davila, J. M., 1985, "A leaky magnetohydrodynamic waveguide model for the acceleration of high-speed solar wind streams in coronal holes," Astrophys. J. 291, 328
  180. Defouw, R. J., 1970, "Convective instability of a model chromosphere," Solar Phys. 14, 42
  181. Deinzer, W., 1965, "On the magneto-hydrostatic theory of sunspots," Astrophys. J. 141, 548
  182. De Jager, C., 1971, "Stellar chromospheres and coronae," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 270, 185
  183. De Jager, C., and Z. Svestka, 1985, "21 May 1980 flare review," Solar Phys. 100, 435
  184. De Jager, C.Z. SvestkaDelloue, J., and P. Halley, 1972, Eds., Effects of Atmospheric Acoustic-Gravity Waves on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, Paris (Conference Proceedings No. CP-115)
  185. Deming, D., D. A. Glenar, H. U. Kaufl, A. A. Hill, and F. Espenak, 1986, "Infrared helioseismology: detection of the chromospheric mode," Nature (London) 319, 232
  186. Dennis, B. B., K. J. Frost, and L. E. Orwig, 1981, "The solar flare of 1980 March 29 at 0918UT as observed with the hard x-ray burst spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission," Astrophys. J. 244, L167
  187. Denskat, K. U., and L. F. Burlaga, 1977, "Multispacecraft observations of microscale fluctuations in the solar wind," J. Geophys. Res. 82, 2693
  188. Dere, K. P., J. D. F. Bartoe, and G. E. Bruecker, 1982, "Solar transition region pressures from EUV observations of OIV and NIV," Astrophys. J. 259, 366
  189. Dere, K. P., and J. W. Cook, 1983, "Mass and energy balance in the 1973 August 9 flare," Astron. Astrophys. 124, 181
  190. Deubner, F. L., 1981, "Detection of low-order p-modes in brightness fluctuations of the sun," Nature (London) 290, 682
  191. Deubner, F. L., and D. O. Gough, 1984, "Helioseismology: oscillations as a diagnostic of the solar interior," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22, 593
  192. Dowling, A. P., and J. E. Ffowcs-Williams, 1983, Sound and Sources of Sound (Harwood, London)
  193. Dowling, A. P., J. E. Ffowcs-Williams, and M. E. Goldstein, 1978, "Sound production in a moving stream," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 288, 321
  194. Drazin, P. G., and W. H. Reid, 1981, Hydrodynamic Stability (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  195. Drummond, J. E., 1961, Plasma Physics (McGraw-Hill, New York)
  196. Dufton, P. L., A. E. Kingston, and F. P. Keewan, 1984, "Observational evidence for non-Maxwellian electron energy distributions in the solar transition region," Astrophys. J. 280, L35
  197. Dulk, G. A., T. S. Bastian, and S. R. Kane, 1986, "Two-frequency imaging of microwave impulsive flares near the solar limb," Astrophys. J. 300, 438
  198. Dumont, S., Z. Mouradian, and J. C. Pecker, 1982, "Structure and physics of solar faculae. I: Principles and observational procedures from ground-based instruments and OSO-8 satellite," Solar Phys. 78, 71
  199. Dumont, S., Z. Mouradian, J. C. Pecker, E. Chipman, G. E. Artzner, and J. C. Vial, 1980a, "Vitesses non thermiques dans la zone de transition entre lá chromosphère et la couronne du soleil (régions actives)," C. R. Acad. Sci. 290, 317
  200. Dumont, S., Z. Mouradian, J. C. Pecker, G. Simon, G. Artzner, and J. C. Vial, 1980b, "Observations entre le centre et le bord du soleil de la composante k2 de la raie k Ca ii au moyen du satellite OSO-8," C. R. Acad. Sci. 290, 365
  201. Dumont, S., Z. Mouradian, J. C. Pecker, J. C. Vial, and E. Chipman, 1983, "Structure and physics of solar faculae. III. Densities in the chromosphere-corona transition zone," Solar Phys. 83, 27
  202. Dungey, J. W., 1958, Cosmic Electrodynamics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  203. Durney, B. R., 1983, "A first-order smoothing expression for the α-effect in dynamo-theory," Astrophys. J. 267, 822
  204. Duvall, T. L., W. A. Dziembowski, P. R. Goode, D. O. Gough, J. W. Harvey, and J. W. Leibacher, 1984, "Internal rotation of the sun," Nature (London) 310, 22
  205. Duvall, T. L., and J. W. Harvey, 1984, "Rotational frequency splitting of solar oscillations," Nature (London) 310, 19
  206. Eckart, C., 1960, Hydrodynamics of Oceans and Atmospheres (Pergamon, New York)
  207. Ecker, G., 1972, Theory of Fully Ionized Plasmas (Academic, New York)
  208. Eddington, A. S., 1926, The Internal Constitution of Stars (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  209. Eddy, J. A., 1983, "The Maunder minimum: a reappraisal," Solar Phys. 89, 195
  210. Edwin, P. M., and B. Roberts, 1982, "Wave propagation in a magnetically structured atmosphere. III. The slab in a magnetic environment," Solar Phys. 76, 239
  211. Edwin, P. M., and B. Roberts, 1983, "Wave propagation in a magnetic cylinder," Solar Phys. 88, 179
  212. Edwin, P. M., and B. Roberts, 1986, unpublished
  213. El Mekki, O., 1983, "The instability of hydromagnetic planetary-gravity waves in a zonal flow and transverse magnetic field," Solar Phys. 85, 83
  214. El Mekki, O. M., 1986, "Over-reflection of hydromagnetic planetary-gravity waves at the solar helmet streamers and magnetic sectors," Solar Phys. 96, 397
  215. El Mekki, O., I. A. Eltayeb, and J. F. McKenzie, 1978, "Hydromagnetic-gravity wave critical levels in the solar atmosphere," Solar Phys. 57, 261
  216. Eltayeb, I. A., 1977, "Linear wave motions in magnetic velocity shears," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 287, 607
  217. Emslie, A. G., J. C. Brown, and M. F. Machado, 1980, "Discrepancies between theoretical and empirical models of the flaring solar chromosphere and their possible resolution," Astrophys. J. 246, 337
  218. Engvold, O. E., Tandberg-Hansen, and E. Reichmann, 1985, "Evidence for systematic flows in the transition region around prominences," Solar Phys. 96, 35
  219. Engvold, O. E.Tandberg-HansenE. ReichmannErdelyi, A., 1953, Ed., Higher Transcendental Functions (McGraw-Hill, New York), 3 vols
  220. Eyni, M., and R. Steinitz, 1982, "Global properties of the solar wind. III. Density and temperature fluctuations," Astrophys. J. 256, 259
  221. Eyni, M.R. SteinitzFall, S. M., and D. Lynden-Bell, 1981, Eds., The Structure and Evolution of Normal Galaxies (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  222. Fang, C., Z. Mouradian, G. Banos, S. Dumont, and J. C. Pecker, 1984, "Structure and physics of solar faculae," Solar Phys. 91, 61
  223. Faulkner, J., D. O. Gough, and M. N. Vahia, 1986, "Weakly interacting massive particles and solar oscillations," Nature (London) 321, 225
  224. Fearn, D. R., and M. R. E. Proctor, 1983, "Hydromagnetic waves in a differentially rotating sphere," J. Fluid Mech. 128, 1
  225. Feldman, U., G. A. Doschek, and D. L. McKenzie, 1984, "On the rate of energy input in thermal solar flares," Astrophys. J. 276, L53
  226. Ferraro, V. C. A., 1954, "On the reflection and refraction of Alfvén waves," Astrophys. J. 119, 393
  227. Ferraro, V. C. A., and C. Plumpton, 1958, "Hydromagnetic waves in a horizontally stratified atmosphere," Astrophys. J. 129, 459
  228. Ferraro, V. C. A., and C. Plumpton, 1963, An Introduction to Magnetic-Fluid Dynamics (Oxford University Press, London; 2nd ed., 1966)
  229. Fisher, G. H., R. C. Canfield, and N. McClymont, 1984, "Chromospheric evaporation velocities in solar flares," Astrophys. J. 281, L79
  230. Fisher, G. H., R. C. Canfield, and A. N. McClymont, 19851, "Flare loop radiative hydrodynamics. V. Response to thicktarget heating," Astrophys. J. 289, 414
  231. Fisher, G. H., R. C. Canfield, and A. N. McClymont, 1985b, "Flare loop radiative hydrodynamics. VI. Chromospheric evaporation due to heating by nonthermal electrons," Astrophys. J. 289, 425
  232. Fisher, G. H., R. C. Canfield, and A. N. McClymont, 1985c, "Flare loop radiative hydrodynamics. VII. Dynamics of the thick-target heated chromosphere," Astrophys. J. 289, 434
  233. Fisher, R., and C. Garcia, 1984, "Detection of a slowly moving coronal transient event," Astrophys. J. 282, L32
  234. Fisher, R., and R. H. Munro, 1984, "Coronal transient geometry. I. The flare-associated event at 1981 March 25," Astrophys. J. 280, 428
  235. Fisher, R., and D. G. Sime, 1984, "Rotational characteristics of the white-light solar corona: 1965-1983," Astrophys. J. 287, 959
  236. Fla, T., S. R. Habdal, T. E. Holzer, and E. Leer, 1984, "Fastmode magnetohydrodynamic waves in coronal holes and the solar wind," Astrophys. J. 280, 382
  237. Foing, B., R.-M. Bonnet, and M. Bruner, 1986, "New high-resolution rocket-ultraviolet filtergrams of the solar disc," Astron. Astrophys. 162, 292
  238. Forbes, T. G., 1986, "Fast-shock formation in line-tied magnetic reconnection models of solar flares," Astrophys. J. 305, 553
  239. Forbes, T. G., and E. R. Priest, 1984, "Numerical simulation of reconnection in an emerging magnetic flux region," Solar Phys. 94, 315
  240. Forsyth, A. R., 1885, Treatise on Differential Equations (MacMillan, London; 6th ed., 1929)
  241. Fossat, E., G. Grec, and M. A. Pomerantz, 1981, "Solar pulsations observed from the geographic south pole: initial results," Solar Phys. 74, 59
  242. Foukal, P., and M. Smart, 1981, "Propagation of magnetically-guided acoustic shocks in the solar chromosphere," Sol. Phys. 69, 15
  243. Gabriel, A. H., 1976, "A magnetic model of the solar transition region," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 281, 339
  244. Gabriel, A. H.Gabriel, A. H., and H. Elliot, 1980, Eds., "The sun and the heliosphere," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 297, 519
  245. Grabriel, A. H., and H. E. Mason, 1982, "Solar Physics," in Applied Atomic Collision Physics, Vol. I: Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry, edited by H. S. W. Massey and D. R. Bates (Academic, New York), p. 345
  246. Gabriel, M., A. Noels, R. Scuflaire, and G. Mathys, 1985, "The rapidly oscillating Ap stars," Astron. Astrophys. 143, 206
  247. Gaffet, B., 1984, "Stability of self-similar flow: correct form of the basic equations and of the shock boundary conditions," Astrophys. J. 279, 419
  248. Gaizauskas, V., 1984, "Suspended spicules associated with the enhanced bright network in an active region," Solar Phys. 93, 257
  249. Galeev, A. A., R. Rosner, S. Serio, and G. S. Vaiana, 1981, "Dynamics of coronal structures: magnetic field-related heating and loop energy balance," Astrophys. J. 243, 301
  250. Galindo-Trejo, J., and K. Schindler, 1984, "MHD stability of sheet equilibria relevant for quiescent prominences," Astrophys. J. 277, 422
  251. Gambier, D. J. D., and J. P. M. Schmitt, 1983, "A solution to the linear wave conversion problem in weakly inhomogeneous plasmas," Phys. Fluids 26, 2200
  252. Gebbie, K. B. et al., 1981, "Steady flows in the solar transition region observed with S. M. M.," Astrophys. J. 251, L115
  253. Gierasch, P. J., 1985, "On the energetics of the solar granulation," Astrophys. J. 288, 795
  254. Gill, A. E., 1982, Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics (Academic, New York)
  255. Gilman, P. A., and R. Howard, 1985, "Rotation rates of leader and follower sunspots," Astrophys. J. 295, 233
  256. Gilman, P. A., and R. Howard, 1986b, "Rotation and expansion within sunspot groups," Astrophys. J. 303, 480
  257. Gingerich, O., and C. De Jager, 1968, "The Bilderberg model of the photosphere and low chromosphere," Solar Phys. 3, 5
  258. Gingerich, O., R. W. Noyes, W. Walkofen, and Y. Cuny, 1971, "The Harvard-Smithsonian Reference Atmosphere," Solar Phys. 18, 347
  259. Giovanelli, R. G., and J. M. Beckers, 1982, in Solar and Stellar Magnetic-Fields, I.A.U. Symposium No. 102, edited by J. O. Stenflo (Reidel, Dordrecht), p. 407
  260. Giovanelli, R. G., and H. P. Jones, 1982, "The three-dimensional structure of atmospheric magnetic fields in two active regions," Sol. Phys. 79, 267
  261. Glatzmaier, G. A., and P. A. Gilman, 1982, "Compressible convection in a rotating spherical shell. V. Induced differential rotation and meridional circulation," Astrophys. J. 256, 316
  262. Gliner, E. B., 1984, "Combined effect of potential and nonpotential magnetic fields on equilibrium in stellar atmospheres," Astrophys. J. 283, 363
  263. Goldstein, M. E., 1976, Aeroacoustics (McGraw-Hill, New York)
  264. Golub, L., R. Rosner, G. S. Vaiana, and N. O. Weiss, 1981, "Solar magnetic fields: the generation of emerging flux," Astrophys. J. 243, 309
  265. Gordon, B. E., and J. V. Hollweg, 1983, "Collisional damping of surface waves in the solar corona," Astrophys. J. 266, 373
  266. Gossard, E. E., and W. Hooke, 1975, Waves in the Atmosphere (Elsevier, Amsterdam)
  267. Gough, D. O., 1984, "On the rotation of the sun," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 313, 27
  268. Gough, D. O.Gough, D. O., 1986, Ed., Seismology of the Sun and the Distant Stars, NATO Advanced Study Institute, Cambridge, England (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  269. Gradshteyn, I. M., and M. Rhyzik, 1980, Tables of Integrals, Functions and Products (McGraw-Hill, New York)
  270. Green, G., 1837, "On the motion of waves in a variable canal of small depth and width," Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 6, 457
  271. Greenspan, H. P., 1968, The Theory of Rotating Fluids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  272. Groen, P., 1948, "Contribution to the theory of internal waves," K. Ned. Akad. Met. Inst. 125B, No. 11
  273. Guenther, D. B., and P. A. Gilman, 1985, "Inertial oscillations in the solar convection zone. I. Spherical shell model," Astrophys. J. 295, 195
  274. Gurman, J. B., and R. R. Athay, 1983, "Fluid motions in the solar chromosphere-corona transition region. IV. Mass motions over sunspot umbrae," Astrophys. J. 273, 374
  275. Gurman, J. B., and J. W. Leibacher, 1984, "Linear models of acoustic waves in sunspot umbrae," Astrophys. J. 283, 859
  276. Gurman, J. B., J. W. Leibacher, R. A. Shine, B. E. Woodgate, and W. Henze, 1982, `'Transition region oscillations in sunspots," Astrophys. J. 253, 939
  277. Habbal, S. R., and E. Leer, 1982, "Electron heating by fast mode magneto-hydrodynamic waves in the solar wind emanating from coronal holes," Astrophys. J. 253, 318
  278. Habbal, S. R., E. Leer, and T. E. Holzer, 1979, "Heating of coronal loops by fast mode MHD waves," Solar Phys. 64, 287
  279. Hagihara, Y., 1972, Celestial Mechanics-Perturbation Theory (MIT, Cambridge, MA)
  280. Hasan, S. S., 1984, "Convective instability in a solar flux tube. I: Non-linear calculations for an adiabatic inviscid fluid," Astrophys. J. 285, 851
  281. Hasan, S. S., 1985, "Convective instability in a solar flux tube. II. Non-linear calculations with horizontal radiative heat transport and finite viscosity," Astron. Astrophys. 143, 39
  282. Hasan, S. S., 1986, "Oscillatory motions in intense flux tubes," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 219, 357
  283. Hasan, S. S., and S. L. Keil, 1984, "Time-resolved spectral observations of spicule velocities at several heights," Astrophys. J. 283, L75
  284. Hasan, S. S., and P. Venkatakrishnan, 1981, "A time dependent model for spicule flow," Solar Phys. 73, 45
  285. Hawking, S. W., and G. F. R. Ellis, 1973, The Large Scale Structure of Space-time (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  286. Heasley, J. N., and R. W. Milkey, 1983, "Structure and spectrum of quiescent prominences. IV. The ultraviolet ionization continua of hydrogen and helium," Astrophys. J. 268, 398
  287. Helvey, T. C. (chairman), 1960, Space Trajectories, a Symposium, sponsored by the American Astronomical Society, the Advanced Research Projects Agency, and Radiation Incorporated, edited by the technical staff, research division, Radiation Incorporated (Academic, New York)
  288. Henze, W., Jr., E. Tandberg-Hanssen, M. J. Hagyard, B. E. Woodgate, R. A. Shine, J. M. Beckers, M. Bruner, J. B. Gurman, C. L. Hyder, and E. A. West, 1982, "Observations of longitudinal magnetic field in the transition region and photosphere of a sunspot," Solar Phys. 81, 231
  289. Herbold, G., P. Ulmschneider, H. C. Spruit, and R. Rosner, 1985, "Propagation of non-linear, radiatively damped longitudinal waves along magnetic flux tubes in the solar atmosphere," Astron. Astrophys. 145, 157
  290. Herlofson, N., 1950, "Magneto-hydrodynamic waves in a compressible fluid conductor," Nature (London) 165, 1020
  291. Herrick, S., 1971, Astrodynamics, 2 vols. (Van Nostrand, New York)
  292. Hertz, H., 1888, Electric Waves (Oxford University Press, Oxford, England)
  293. Heyvaerts, J., and E. R. Priest, 1983, "Coronal heating by phase-mixed shear Alfvén waves," Astron. Astrophys. 117, 220
  294. Heyvaerts, J., and E. R. Priest, 1984, "Coronal heating by reconnection in DC current systems. A theory based on Taylor's hypothesis," Astron. Astrophys. 137, 63
  295. Hide, R., 1955, "Waves in a heavy, viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluid of variable density, in the presence of a magnetic field," Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 233, 376
  296. Hill, H. A., P. R. Goode, and R. T. Stebbins, 1982, "Observation of nonacoustic, 5-minute period, vertical travelling waves in the photosphere of the sun," Astrophys. J. 256, L17
  297. Hill, H. A., and J. D. Logan, 1984, "Effects of non-local character of the mean intensity deviations from radiative equilibrium, and a non-grey atmosphere on oscillations in stellar envelopes," Astrophys. J. 285, 386
  298. Hinata, S., 1983, "Heating of chromospheric magnetic features by direct current dissipation," Solar Phys. 87, 95
  299. Hines, C. O., 1974, The Upper Atmosphere in Motion (American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.)
  300. Hirayama, T., 1985, "Modern observations of solar prominences," Solar Phys. 100, 415
  301. Ho, C. M., and L. S. G. Kovazsnay, 1976, "Propagation of a coherent acoustic wave through a turbulent shear flow," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 40
  302. Hoeksema, J. T., 1984, Ph.D. thesis (Stanford University)
  303. Hollweg, J. V., 1970, "Collisionless solar wind. I. Constant electron temperature," J. Geophys. Res. 75, 2403
  304. Hollweg, J. V., 1972, "Supergranulation-driven Alfvén waves in the solar chromosphere and related phenomena," Cosmic Electrodyn. 2, 423
  305. Hollweg, J. V., 1978, "Alfvén waves in the solar atmosphere," Solar Phys. 56, 307
  306. Hollweg, J. V., 1979, "A new resonance in the solar atmosphere," Solar Phys. 62, 227
  307. Hollweg, J. V., 1981a, "Alfvén waves in the solar atmosphere. II. Open and closed magnetic flux tubes," Solar Phys. 70, 25
  308. Hollweg, J. V., 1981b, "The physical interpretation of Alfvén wave flux in the solar corona," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 194, 381
  309. Hollweg, J. V., 1982a, "On the origin of solar spicules," Astrophys. J. 257, 345
  310. Hollweg, J. V., 1982b, "Heating of the corona and solar wind by switch-on shocks," Astrophys. J. 254, 806
  311. Hollweg, J. V., 1984a, "Alfvénic resonances of solar spicules," Astrophys. J. 285, 843
  312. Hollweg, J. V., 1984b, "Resonances of coronal loops," Astrophys. J. 277, 392
  313. Hollweg, J. V., 1984c, "Alfvénic resonant cavities in the solar atmosphere: simple aspects," Solar Phys. 91, 268
  314. Hollweg, J. V., 1984d, in Alfvénic Heating of the Chromosphere and Corona, Proceedings of Sacramento Peak Chromosphere Workshop report, edited by R. W. Noyes (Space Science Center, Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham)
  315. Hollweg, J. V., S. Jackson, and D. Galloway, 1982, "Alfvén waves in the solar atmosphere. III. Nonlinear waves in open flux tubes," Solar Phys. 75, 55
  316. Hollweg, J. V., and B. Roberts, 1981, "Bounded oscillations on thin magnetic flux tubes: convective instability and umbral oscillations," Astrophys. J. 250, 398
  317. Hollweg, J. V., and B. Roberts, 1984, "Surface solitary waves and solitons," J. Geophys. Res. 89, 9703
  318. Hollweg, J. V., and A. C. Sterling, 1984, "Resonant heating: an interpretation of coronal loop data," Astrophys. J. 282, L31
  319. Howard, R., 1984, "Solar rotation," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22, 131
  320. Howard, R., and B. J. Labonte, 1981, "Surface magnetic fields during the solar activity cycle," Solar Phys. 74, 131
  321. Howe, M. S., 1969, "On gravity-coupled magnetohydrodynamic waves in the solar atmosphere," Astrophys. J. 156, 173
  322. Howe, M. S., 1973, "Kinetic theory of wave propagation in random media," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 274, 523
  323. Howe, M. S., 1975, "Contributions to the theory of aerodynamic sound, with applications to excess jet noise and the theory of the flute," J. Fluid Mech. 71, 625
  324. Hu, W., 1982, "High-speed streams from coronal holes and the accelerating mechanisms of the solar wind," Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 19, 311
  325. Hudson, J. D., 1978, The Generation and Propagation of Waves in Elastic Solids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  326. Ince, E. L., 1926, Ordinary Differential Equations (MacMillan, London; reprinted Dover, New York, 1954)
  327. Ionson, J. A., 1982, "Resonant electrodynamic heating of stellar coronal loops: an LRC circuit analogy," Astrophys. J. 254, 318
  328. Ionson, J. A., 1984, "A unified theory of electrodynamic coupling in coronal magnetic loops: the coronal heating problem," Astrophys. J. 276, 357
  329. Ionson, J. A., 1985, "The heating of coronae," Solar Phys. 100, 289
  330. Jackson, B. V., 1985, "Imaging of coronal mass ejections by the Helios spacecraft," Solar Phys. 100, 563
  331. Jacobs, J. A., 1975, The Earth's Core (Academic, London)
  332. Jeffreys, H., 1924a, The Earth: Its Origin, History, and Physical Constitution (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England; 5th ed., 1970)
  333. Jeffreys, H., 1924b, "On certain approximate solutions of linear differential equations of the second order," Proc. London Math. Soc. 23, 428
  334. Jensen, E., 1983, "Alfvén waves and turbulence in quiescent prominences," Solar Phys. 89, 275
  335. Jordan, C., 1976, "The structure and the energy balance of solar active regions," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 281, 391
  336. Jordan, C., 1980, "The energy balance of the solar transition region," Astron. Astrophys. 86, 355
  337. Joseph, C. L., 1984, "Solar neutrinos and other problems and their relation to energy production in the sun," Nature (London) 312, 254
  338. Kalkofen, W., P. Ulmschneider, and F. Schmitz, 1984, "Apparent solar temperature enhancement due to large amplitude waves," Astrophys. J. 287, 952
  339. Kamke, E., 1944, Differentialgleichungen (Teubner, Leipzig; reprinted Chelsea, New York, 1971)
  340. Karpen, J. T., E. S. Oran, and J. P. Boris, 1984, "Detailed studies on the dynamics and energetics of coronal bullets," Astrophys. J. 287, 396
  341. Kaufmann, W. J., III, 1978, Exploration of the Solar System (MacMillan, New York)
  342. Kelvin, Lord, 1880, "Vibrations of a columnar vortex," Philos. Mag. 10, 155
  343. Kieras, C. E., and J. A. Tataronis, 1982, "The shear Alfvén continuum in the low beat limit," Phys. Fluids 25, 1228
  344. Klein, F., 1933, Vorlesungen ueber die hypergeometrische funktion (Teubner, Leipzig)
  345. Kneer, F., 1980, "On time-dependent ionization in stellar chromospheres," Astron. Astrophys. 87, 229
  346. Kneer, F., 1983, "A possible explanation of the Wilson-Bappu relation and the chromospheric temperature rise in late-type stars," Astron. Astrophys. 128, 311
  347. Kneer, F., and J. N. Heasley, 1979, "Multidimensional Radiative Transfer in a Stratified Atmosphere: Grey radiative equilibrium," Astron. Astrophys. 79, 14
  348. Kneer, F., and M. Von Uexküll, 1983, "Brightness oscillations of the sun's chromosphere in K and Hα," Astron. Astrophys. 119, 124
  349. Kneer, F., and M. Von Uexküll, 1985, "Oscillations in the sun's chromosphere: Hα line center and wing filtergram time sequences," Astron. Astrophys. 144, 443
  350. Knochbloch, E., and M. R. E. Proctor, 1981, "Nonlinear periodic convection in doubly-diffusive systems," J. Fluid Mech. 108, 291
  351. Knopp, K., 1947, Theory and Application of Infinite Series (Haffner, New York)
  352. Kopp, R. A., and M. Kuperus, 1968, "Magnetic fields and the temperature structure of the chromosphere-corona interface," Solar Phys. 4, 212
  353. Kopal, Z., 1962. Physics and Astronomy of the Moon (Academic, New York)
  354. Kopal, Z., 1978, Dynamics of Close Binary Systems (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  355. Korteweg, D. J., and G. de Vries, 1985, "On the change of form of long waves advancing in a rectangular canal, and a new type of long stationary waves," Philos. Mag. 39, 422
  356. Kourganoff, V., 1980, Introduction to Advanced Astrophysics (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  357. Kramers, H. A., 1926, "Wellenmechanik und halbzahlige Quantisierung," Z. Phys. 39, 828
  358. Kraus, E. B., 1977, The Upper Layers of the Ocean (Oxford University Press, New York)
  359. Krinov, E. L., 1960, Principles of Meteoritics (Pergamon, Oxford)
  360. Kuhn, J. R., K. G. Libbrecht, and R. H. Dicke, 1986, "Solar ellipticity fluctuations yield no evidence of g-modes," Nature (London) 319, 128
  361. Kuhn, J. R.K. G. LibbrechtR. H. DickeKuiper, G. P., 1953, Ed., The Solar System (University of Chicago, Chicago), 4 vols
  362. Kulidzanishvili, V. I., 1980, "Dynamics of Hα spicules according to spectral observations at various heights of the solar chromosphere," Solar Phys. 66, 251
  363. Kulidzanishvili, V. I., and Y. D. Zhugzhda, 1983, "On the problem of spicular oscillations," Solar Phys. 88, 35
  364. Kulsrud, R. M., 1955, "Effect of magnetic fields on generation of noise by turbulence," Astrophys. J. 121, 461
  365. Kuin, N. P. M., and P. C. H. Martens, 1982, "On the thermal stability of hot coronal loops: the coupling between chromosphere and corona," Astron. Astrophys. 108, L1
  366. Kumar, S., 1984, "Plane and cylindrical hydromagnetic shock waves," Astrophys. Space Sci. 106, 53
  367. Kumar, M., and V. Narain, 1985, "On heating of solar active regions by magnetic energy dissipation," Solar Phys. 95, 69
  368. Kuperus, M., and R. G. Athay, 1967, "On the origin of spicules in the chromosphere-corona transition region," Solar Phys. 1, 361
  369. Kuperus, M., J. A. Ionson, and D. S. Spicer, 1981, "On the theory of coronal heating mechanisms," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 19, 7
  370. Labonte, B. J., 1979, "Activity in the quiet sun: 1. Observations of macrospicules in Hα and D3," Solar Phys. 61, 279
  371. Labonte, B. J., 1984, "Measuring solar torsional oscillations using sunspot motions," Astron. Astrophys. 135, 176
  372. Labonte, B. J., and R. Howard, 1982, "Torsional waves on the sun and the activity cycle," Solar Phys. 75, 161
  373. Lacombe, C., and A. Mangeney, 1980, "Non-linear interaction of Alfvén waves with compressive fast magnetosonic waves," Astron. Astrophys. 88, 277
  374. Lago, M. T. V. T., 1982, "A new investigation of the T Tauri star RU Lupi-II. The physical conditions of the line emitting region," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 198, 445
  375. Lago, M. T. V. T., 1984, "A new investigation of the T Tauri star RU Lupi-III. The wind model," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 210, 323
  376. Lago, M. T. V. T., M. V. Penston, and R. M. Johnstone, 1985, "Upper limits to coronal line emission from x-ray-detected T-Tauri stars," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 212, 151
  377. Lamb, H., 1879, Hydrodynamics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England; 6th ed., 1932)
  378. Lamb, H., 1910, "On the theory of waves propagated vertically in the atmosphere," Proc. London Math. Soc. 7, 122
  379. Lambert, D. L., 1971, "Photosphere and low chromosphere. A review of models: the temperature-height profile," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 270, 3
  380. Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifshitz, 1949, Mechanics (Pergamon, London)
  381. Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifshitz, 1953, Fluid Mechanics (Pergamon, London)
  382. Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifsthiz, 1956, Electrodynamics of Continuous Media (Pergamon, London)
  383. Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifsthiz, 1966, Field Theory (Pergamon, Oxford)
  384. Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifshtiz, 1967a, Statistical Physics (Pergamon, New York)
  385. Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifshitz, 1967b, Theory of Elasticity (Pergamon, New York)
  386. Landini, M., and B. C. Monsignori-Fossi, 1981, "Coronal loops in the sun and in the stars," Astron. Astrophys. 102, 391
  387. Landman, D. A., 1984a, "Physical conditions in the cool parts of the prominences. II. The Mg triplet lines," Astrophys. J. 279, 438
  388. Landman, D. A., 1984b, "Physical conditions in the cool parts of spicules," Astrophys. J. 284, 833
  389. Landman, D. A., 1985, "A new property of the small-scale nonthermal motions in quiescent prominences," Astrophys. J. 295, 220
  390. Landman, D. A., 1986, "Physical conditions in the cool parts of prominences and spicules: the effects of model atom level truncation on the derived plasma parameters," Astrophys. J. 305, 546
  391. Landman, D. A., S. J. Edberg, and C. D. Laney, 1977, "Measurements of Hβ, HeD3, and Ca+λ8542 line emission in quiescent prominences," Astrophys. J. 218, 888
  392. Lapwood, E. R., and T. Usami, 1981, Free Oscillations of the Earth (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  393. Lebovitz, N. R., 1981, "The fluid dynamics of evolving stars," Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 375, 249
  394. Ledoux, J. P., and T. H. Walraven, 1957, Handbuch der Physik (Springer, Berlin), Vol. 51, p. 353
  395. Lee, M. A., 1980, "Comments on the dissipation of hydromagnetic surface waves," Astrophys. J. 240, 693
  396. Lee, M. A., and B. Roberts, 1986, "On the behavior of hydromagnetic surface waves," Astrophys. J. 301, 430
  397. Lehnert, B., 1951, "On the behavior of an electrically conductive liquid in a magnetic field," Ark. Mat. Astron. Fys. 5, 69
  398. Lehnert, B., 1954, "Magnetohydrodynamic waves under the action of the Coriolis force," Astrophys. J. 119, 647
  399. Lehnert, B., 1955, "Magnetohydrodynamic waves under the action of the Coriolis force II," Astrophys. J. 120, 481
  400. Leibacher, J. W., 1985, "A selected bibliography on helioseismology," Global Oscillation Network Group, National Solar Observatory Report No. 2
  401. Leibacher, J. W., P. Gouttebroze, and R. F. Stein, 1982, "Solar atmospheric dynamics. II. Non-linear models of the photospheric and chromospheric oscillators," Astrophys. J. 258, 393
  402. Leibacher, J. W., and R. F. Stein, 1971, "A new description of the solar five-minute oscillation," Astrophys. Lett. 7, 191
  403. Leibovich, S., 1970, "Weakly non-linear waves in rotating fluids," J. Fluid Mech. 42, 803
  404. Leighton, R. B., R. W. Noyes, and G. W. Simon, 1962, "Velocity fields in the solar atmosphere. I. Preliminary report," Astrophys. J. 135, 474
  405. Lerche, I., and B. C. Low, 1980, "The heating of a thermally conducting stratified medium. I. Self-gravitating gas threaded by magnetic fields," Astrophys. J. 239, 360
  406. Leroy, B., 1980, "Propagation of waves in an atmosphere in the presence of a magnetic field. II. The reflection of Alfvén waves," Astron. Astrophys. 91, 136
  407. Leroy, B., 1981, "Propagation of waves in an atmosphere in the presence of a magnetic field. III. Alfvén waves in the solar atmosphere," Astron. Astrophys. 97, 245
  408. Leroy, B., 1983, "Propagation of Alfvén waves in an isothermal atmosphere, when the displacement current is not neglected," Astron. Astrophys. 125, 371
  409. Leroy, B., 1985, "On the derivation of the energy flux of linear magnetohydrodynamic waves," Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 32, 123
  410. Leroy, B., and N. Bel, 1979, "Propagation of waves in an atmosphere, in the presence of a magnetic field," Astron. Astrophys. 78, 129
  411. Leroy, B., and S. J. Schwartz, 1982, "Propagation of waves in an atmosphere in the presence of a magnetic field. V. The theory of magneto-acoustic-gravity oscillations," Astron. Astrophys. 112, 84
  412. Leroy, J. L., V. Bommier, and S. Sahal-Bréchot, 1984, "New data on magnetic structure of quiescent prominences," Astron. Astrophys. 131, 33
  413. Levine, E. H., 1978, Unidirectional Wave Motions (North-Holland, Amsterdam)
  414. Levine, R. H., M. D. Altshuler, J. W. Harvey, and B. V. Jackson, 1977, "Open magnetic structures on the sun," Astrophys. J. 215, 636
  415. Levine, R. H., and Y. Nakagawa, 1974, "Dynamics of the solar magnetic field. III. Location of solar-flare excitation and the velocity field determined from magnetograms," Astrophys. J. 190, 703
  416. Levine, R. H., and Y. Nakagawa, 1975, "Dynamics of the solar magnetic field. V. Velocities associated with changing magnetic fields," Astrophys. J. 196, 859
  417. Libbrecht, K. G., 1986, "Is there an unusual solar core?" Nature (London) 319, 753
  418. Lighthill, M. J., 1951, "Viscosity effects in sound waves of finite amplitude," in Surveys of Mechanics, edited by G. K. Batchelor and R. M. Davies (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England), p. 250
  419. Lighthill, M. J., 1952, "On sound generated aerodynamically. I: General theory," Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 211, 564
  420. Lighthill, M. J., 1953, "On the energy scattered from the interaction of turbulence with sound and shock waves," Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 44, 531
  421. Lighthill, M. J., 1954, "On sound generated aerodynamically. II: Turbulence as a source of sound," Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 222, 1
  422. Lighthill, M. J., 1960, "Studies in magnetohydrodynamic waves and other anisotropic wave motions," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 252, 397
  423. Lighthill, M. J., 1964, "Group velocity," J. Inst. Math. Appl. 1, 1
  424. Lighthill, M. J., 1967, "Predictions of the velocity field coming from acoustic noise and generalized turbulence in a layer overlaying a convectively unstable atmospheric region," in Aerodynamics Phenomena in Stellar Atmospheres, IAU Symposium No. 28, edited by Richard N. Thomas (Academic, New York), p. 429
  425. Lighthill, M. J., 1978, Waves in Fluids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  426. Lilley, G. M., 1973, "On the noise from jets," in AGARD Conference Proceedings CP-131 (Advisory Group for Aerospace and Development, Paris), Paper No. 13.1
  427. Lindsay, C. A., 1981, "Heating of the solar chromosphere by ionization pumping," Astrophys. J. 244, 659
  428. Lindzen, R. S., 1970, "Internal gravity waves in atmospheres with realistic dissipation and temperature. 1. Mathematical development and propagation in the thermosphere," Geophys. Fluid Dyn. 1, 303
  429. Linsky, J. L., 1980, "Stellar chromospheres," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 18, 439
  430. Linsky, J. L., 1985, "Nonradiative activity across the H−R diagram: which types of stars are solar-like?" Solar Phys. 100, 333
  431. Lites, B. W., 1984, "Photoelectric observations of chromospheric sunspot oscillations. II. Propagation characteristics," Astrophys. J. 277, 874
  432. Lites, B. W., 1986a, "Photoelectric observations of chromosphere sunspot oscillations. III. Spatial distribution of power and frqeuency in umbrae," Astrophys. J. 301, 992
  433. Lites, B. W., 1986b, "Photoelectric observations of chromospheric sunspot oscillations. IV. The Ca ii H line and He i λ10830," Astrophys. J. 305, 1005
  434. Lites, B. W., E. G. Chipman, and O. R. White, 1982, "The vertical propagation of waves in the solar atmosphere. II. Phase delays in the quiet chromosphere, and cell-network distinctions," Astrophys. J. 253, 367
  435. Lites, B. W., O. R. White, and D. Packman, 1982, "Photoelectric observations of propagating sunspot oscillations," Astrophys. J. 253, 386
  436. Liu, C. H., and C. S. Yeh, 1974, "Acoustic-gravity waves in the upper atmosphere," Rev. Geophys. Space Sci. 12, 193
  437. Loughhead, R. E., and R. J. Bray, 1984, "High-resolution photography of the solar chromosphere. XIX. Flow velocities along an active region loop," Astrophys. J. 283, 392
  438. Love, A. E. H., 1911, Some Problems of Geodynamics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England; reprinted Dover, New York, 1967)
  439. Love, A. E. H., 1927, Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England; reprinted Dover, New York, 1944)
  440. Lovell, A. C. B., 1954, Meteor Astronomy (Clarendon, Oxford)
  441. Low, B. C., 1980, "Evolving force-free magnetic fields. III. States of non-equilibrium and pre-flare stage," Astrophys. J. 239, 377
  442. Low, B. C., 1982, "Self-similar magnetohydrodynamics. I. The γ=43 polytrope and the coronal transient," Astrophys. J. 254, 796
  443. Low, B. C., 1984a, "Three-dimensional magnetostatic atmospheres: magnetic field with vertically oriented tension force," Astrophys. J. 277, 415
  444. Low, B. C., 1984b, "Self-similar magnetohydrodynamics. IV. The physics of coronal transients," Astrophys. J. 281, 392
  445. Low, B. C., 1984c, "Self-similar magnetohydrodynamics. III. The subset of spherically symmetric gasdynamic flows," Astrophys. J. 281, 381
  446. Low, B. C., 1984d, "On the large-scale magnetostatic coronal structures and their stability," Astrophys. J. 286, 772
  447. Luke, Y. L., 1975, Mathematical Functions and Approximations (McGraw-Hill, New York)
  448. Lundquist, S., 1949, "Experimental investigations of magnetohydrodynamic waves," Phys. Rev. 76, 1805
  449. Lust, R., and M. Scholer, 1966, "Kompressionwellen in einer isothermen Atmosphere mit vertikalem Magnetfeld," Z. Naturforsch. A 21, 1098
  450. Lyons, P., and M. Yanowitch, 1974, "Vertical oscillations in a viscous and thermally conducting isothermal atmosphere," J. Fluid Mech. 66, 273
  451. Lyttleton, R. A., 1968, Mysteries of the Solar System (Clarendon, Oxford)
  452. MacNiece, P., 1986, "A numerical hydrodynamic model of a heated coronal loop," Solar Phys. 103, 47
  453. MacNiece, P., R. W. P. McWhirter, D. S. Spicer, and A. Burgess, 1984, "A numerical model of a solar flare based on electron beam heating of the chromosphere," Solar Phys. 90, 357
  454. Maeland, E., 1982, "On the steady mass transport induced by wave motions in a viscous rotating fluid," Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 19, 229
  455. Mahajan, S. M., and D. W. Ross, 1983, "Spectrum of compressional Alfvén waves," Phys. Fluids 26, 93
  456. Mahajan, S. M., D. W. Ross, and G. Chen, 1983, "Discrete Alfvén eigenmode spectrum in magnetohydrodynamics," Phys. Fluids 26, 2195
  457. Malherbe, J. M., B. Schmieder, and P. Mein, 1981, "Dynamics in the filaments," Astron, Astrophys. 102, 124
  458. Mani, R., 1976a, "The influence of jet flow on jet noise. Part 1. The noise of unheated jets," J. Fluid Mech. 73, 321
  459. Mani, R., 1976b, "The influence of jet flow on jet noise. Part 2. The noise of heated jets," J. Fluid Mech. 73, 779
  460. Marcus, P. S., W. H. Press, and S. A. Teukolsky, 1983, "Multiscale model equations for turbulent convection and convective ovenshoot," Astrophys. J. 267, 795
  461. Mariska, J. T., 1984, "Effects of mass motions on solar emission measures inferred from transition-region emission lines," Astrophys. J. 281, 435
  462. Mariska, J. T., J. P. Boris, E. S. Oran, T. B. Young, and G. A. Doschek, 1982, "Solar transition region response to variations in the heating rate," Astrophys. J. 255, 783
  463. Mariska, J. T., and Hollweg, J. V., 1985, "Alfvénic pulses in the solar atomosphere," Astrophys. J. 296, 746
  464. Martens, P. C. H., and N. P. M. Kuin, 1983, "The thermal evolution of resonantly heated coronal loops," Astron. Astrophys. 123, 216
  465. Martens, P. C. H.N. P. M. KuinMason, W. P., 1964-1973, Ed., Physical Acoustics: Principles and Methods (Academic, New York), 12 vols
  466. Mattig, W., J. P. Mehltretter, and A. Nesis, 1981, "Granular size horizontal velocities in the solar atmosphere," Astron. Astrophys. 96, 96
  467. Maxwell, A., M. Dryer, and P. McIntosh, 1985, "A pistondriven shock in the solar corana," Solar Phys. 97, 401
  468. Maxwell, J. C., 1864, "The dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 140, also published in Maxwell's Scientific Papers (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1890), Vol. 1, p. 526 Philos. Trans. R. Soc. LondonVol. 2
  469. Maxwell, J. C., 1873, Treatise of Electricity and Magnetism, 2 vols. (Clarendon, Oxford; 3rd ed., 1891; reprinted Dover, New York, 1954)
  470. McClymont, A. N., and I. J. D. Craig, 1985a, "Thermal stability of coronal loops. I. The equilibrium structure and stability equation," Astrophys. J. 296, 746
  471. McClymont, A. N., and I. J. D. Craig, 1985b, "Thermal stability of coronal loops. II. Symmetric modes and constraints on heating mechanisms," Astrophys. J. 289, 834
  472. McConnel, D., and M. R. Kundu, 1983, "VLA observations of a solar active region and coronal loops," Astrophys. J. 269, 698
  473. McKenzie, J. F., 1973, "On the existence of critical levels, with applications to hydromagnetic waves," J. Fluid Mech. 58, 709
  474. McLachlan, N. W., 1934, Bessel Functions for Engineers (Oxford University Press, Oxford; 2nd ed., 1955)
  475. McLellan, A., and F. Winterberg, 1968, "Magneto-gravity waves and the heating of solar corona," Solar Phys. 4, 401
  476. Mein, N., 1978, "Relation between the mode of oscillation and the velocity amplitude of chromospheric waves," Solar Phys. 59, 3
  477. Mein, N., and P. Mein, 1980, "Mechanical flux in the solar chromosphere. I. Velocity and temperature weighting functions for Ca ii lines," Astron. Astrophys. 84, 96
  478. Mein, N., and B. Schmieder, 1981, "Mechanical flux in the solar chromosphere. III. Variation of the mechanical flux," Astron. Astrophys. 97, 310
  479. Mein, P., G. Simon, J. C. Vial, and R. A. Shine, 1982, "Mass motions in the solar chromosphere and transition zone." Astron. Astrophys. 111, 136
  480. Melchior, P., 1978, The Tides of the Planet Earth (Pergamon, Oxford)
  481. Melville, J. P., A. W. Hood, and E. R. Priest, 1984, "Magnetohydrostatic structures in the solar atmosphere," Solar Phys. 92, 15
  482. Merzlakov, E. G., and M. S. Ruderman, 1986, "Long nonlinear waves in a compressible magnetically structured atmosphere. II. Slow body waves in a magnetic slab," Solar Phys. 103, 259
  483. Mestel, L., and D. L. Moss, 1983, "On the Riemann `battery' process in uniformly rotating, chemically inhomogeneous stars," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 204, 557
  484. Meyer, F., 1968, "Flare-produced coronal waves," in Structure and Development of Solar Active Regions, I.A.U. Symposium No. 35, edited by K. O. Kiepenheuer (Reidel, Dordrecht), p. 485
  485. Michalitsanos, A. G., 1973, "The five-minute period oscillation in magnetically active regions," Solar Phys. 30, 47
  486. Michard, B., 1974, "Spicules and their surroundings," in Chromospheric Fine Structure, I.A.U. Symposium No. 51, edited by R. G. Athay (Reidel, Dordrecht), p. 3
  487. Mihalas, B. W., 1984, "Self-consistent radiation-hydrodynamic equations for stellar oscillations. I. Non-linear form," Astrophys. J. 284, 299
  488. Mihalas, D., 1939, Stellar Atmospheres (Freeman, San Francisco, 2nd ed., 1978)
  489. Mihalas, D., and J. J. Binney, 1968, Galactic Astronomy: Structure and Kinematics (Freeman, San Francisco, 2nd ed., 1981)
  490. Mihalas, D., and B. W. Mihalas, 1983, "On the propagation of acoustic waves in a radiating fluid," Astrophys. J. 273, 355
  491. Miles, J. W., 1981, "The Korteweg-de Vries equation: a historical essay," J. Fluid Mech. 106, 131
  492. Milne, E. A., E. R. Priest, and B. Roberts, 1979, "A model for quiescent solar prominences," Astrophys. J. 232, 304
  493. Moffatt, H. K., 1976, "Generation of magnetic fields by fluid motion," Adv. Appl. Mech. 16, 119
  494. Moffatt, H. K., 1978, Magnetic Field Generation in Electrically Conducting Fluids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  495. Möhring, W., E. A. Müller, and F. Obermeier, 1983, "Problems in flow acoustics," Rev. Mod. Phys. 55, 707
  496. Moore, D. W., and E. A. Spiegel, 1964, "The generation and propagation of waves in a compressible atmosphere," Astrophys. J. 139, 48
  497. Moore, R. L., and P. C. W. Fung, 1972, "Structure of the chromosphere-corona transition region," Solar Phys. 23, 78
  498. Moore, R. L., G. J. Hurford, H. P. Jones, and S. R. Kane, 1984, "Magnetic changes observed in a solar flare," Astrophys. J. 276, 379
  499. Moore, R. L., and D. Rabin, 1985, "Sunspots," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 23, 239
  500. Moore, R. L., F. Tang, J. D. Bohlin, and L. Golub, 1977, "Hα macrospicules: identification with EUV macrospicules and with flares in x-ray bright points," Astrophys. J. 218, 286
  501. Morrison, N. D., and J. L. Linsky, 1978, "Photospheric models of solar active regions and the network based on the Mg ii h and k line wings," Astrophys. J. 222, 723
  502. Morse, P. M., and H. Feshbach, 1953, Methods of Theoretical Physics, 2 vols. (McGraw-Hill, New York)
  503. Morse, P. M., and K. U. Ingard, 1968, Theoretical Acoustics (McGraw-Hill, New York)
  504. Mosher, J. M., and T. P. Pope, 1977, "A statistical study of spicule inclinations" Solar Phys. 53, 375
  505. Mouradian, Z., 1967, "La diffusion des spicules dans la couronne solaire," Solar Phys. 2, 258
  506. Mouradian, Z., S. Dumont, J. C. Pecker, E. Chipman, G. E. Artzner, and J. C. Vial, 1982, "Structure and physics of solar faculae. II. The non-thermal velocity field above faculae," Solar Phys. 78, 83
  507. Mouradian, Z., and G. Simon, 1975, "Les bulles chromospheriques," Solar Phys. 42, 311
  508. Mouradian, Z., and I. Soru-Escaut, 1976, "Quelques résultats d'observations des spicules chromosphériques en K et D3," Solar Phys. 50, 69
  509. Mullan, D. J., and A. J. Owens, 1984, "Alfvén waves in the solar wind in association with solar energetic particles: sunspot umbral origin? " Astrophys. J. 280, 346
  510. Muller, R., 1985, "The fine structure of the quiet sun," Solar Phys. 100, 237
  511. Munro, R. H., and B. V. Jackson, 1977, "Physical properties of a polar coronal hole from 2 to 5 R⊙," Astrophys. J. 213, 874
  512. Munt, R. M., 1977, "The interaction of sound with a subsonic jet issuing from a semi-infinite pipe," J. Fluid Mech. 83, 609
  513. Myers, M. K., 1980, "On the acoustic boundary condition in the presence of flow," J. Sound Vib. 71, 429
  514. Nagai, F., 1984, "Transient behaviour of a flare-associated solar wind. I. Gas dynamics in a radial open field region," Astrophys. J. 277, 379
  515. Nagai, F., and A. G. Emslie, 1984, "Gas dynamics in the impulsive phase of flares. I. Thick-target heating by non-thermal electrons," Astrophys. J. 276, 896
  516. Nakagawa, Y., 1974, "Dynamics of the solar magnetic field. I. Method of examination of force-free magnetic fields," Astrophys. J. 190, 437
  517. Nakagawa, Y., and R. H. Levine, 1974 "Dynamics of the solar magnetic field. II. The energy spectrum of large-scale solar magnetic fields," Astrophys. J. 190, 441
  518. Nakagawa, Y., and K. Tanaka, 1974, "Dynamics of the solar magnetic field. IV. Examples of force-free magnetic-field evolution in response to photospheric motions," Astrophys. J. 190, 711
  519. Narayan, A. S., and K. Somasundaram, 1985, "Alfvén surface waves along coronal streamers," Astrophys. Space Sci. 109, 357
  520. Nayfeh, A. H., 1973, Perturbation Methods (Wiley, New York; 2nd ed., 1982)
  521. Nayfeh, A. H., J. E. Kaiser, and D. P. Telionis, 1975, "Acoustics of aircraft engine-duct systems," Am. Inst. Aeron. Astron. J. 13, 130
  522. Newcomb, N. A., 1961, "Convective instability induced by gravity in a plasma with a frozen-in magnetic field," Phys. Fluids 4, 391
  523. Newkirk, G., 1967, "Structure of the solar corona," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 5, 213
  524. Nicholson, D. R., 1983, Introduction to Plasma Theory (Wiley, New York)
  525. Nicolas, K. R., O. Kjeldseth-Moe, J. D. F. Bartoe, and G. E. Bruecker, 1982, "High resolution EUV structure of the chromosphere-corona transition region above a sunspot," Solar Phys. 81, 253
  526. Nikolsky, G. M., I. S. Kim, S. Koutchmy, and G. Stellmacher, 1984, "Comparative magnetographic observations in different prominence lines," Astron. Astrophys. 140, 112
  527. Nocera, L., B. Leroy, and E. R. Priest, 1984, "Phase mixing of propagating Alfvén waves," Astron. Astrophys. 133, 387
  528. Nordlund, A., 1982, "Numerical simulations of the solar granulation," Astron. Astrophys. 107, 1
  529. Nordlund, A., 1985, "Solar convection," Solar Phys. 100, 209
  530. Noyes, R. W., 1985, "Stellar analogs of solar magnetic activity," Solar Phys. 100, 385
  531. Nye, A. H., and J. V. Hollweg, 1980, "Alfvén waves in sunspots," Solar Phys. 68, 279
  532. Nye, A. H., and J. H. Thomas, 1974, "The nature of running penumbral waves," Solar Phys. 38, 399
  533. Nye, A. H., and J. H. Thomas, 1976a, "Solar magnetoatmospheric waves. I. An exact solution for a horizontal magnetic field," Astrophys. J. 204, 573
  534. Nye, A. H., and J. H. Thomas, 1976b, "Solar magnetoatmospheric waves. II. A model for running penumbral waves," Astrophys. J. 204, 582
  535. Nye, A. H., J. H. Thomas, and L. E. Cram, 1984, "Dynamical phenomena in sunspots. II. A moving feature," Astrophys. J. 285, 381
  536. Ono, H., 1975, "Algebraic solitary waves in stratified fluids," J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 39, 1082
  537. Oran, E. S., J. T. Mariska, and J. P. Boris, 1982, "The condensational instability in the solar transition region and corona," Astrophys. J. 254, 349
  538. Orwig, L. E., K. J. Frost, and B. R. Dennis, 1981, "Observations of solar flares on 1980 April 30 and June 7 with hard x-ray burst spectrometer," Astrophys. J. 244, L163
  539. Osherovich, V. A., 1982, "The magnetohydrostatic atmosphere around a gravitating body," Astrophys. J. 261, 370
  540. Osherovich, V. A., 1984, "Magnetic flux tube in a stratified atmosphere under the influence of the vertical magnetic field," Solar. Phys. 94, 207
  541. Osherovich, V. A., 1985, "Solar prominence model based on eigenvalue solutions. I. Isolated filaments and their properties under the influence of external horizontal magnetic field," Astrophys. J. 297, 314
  542. Osherovich, V. A., E. B. Gliner, and I. Tzur, 1985, "Theoretical model of the solar corona during sunspot minimum. II. Dynamic approximation," Astrophys. J. 288, 396
  543. Osherovich, V. A., E. B. Gliner, I. Tzur, and M. L. Kuhn, 1985, "The magnetic and thermodynamical structure of a coronal hole," Solar Phys. 97, 251
  544. Osherovich, V. A., I. Tzur, and E. B. Gliner, 1984, "Theoretical model of the solar corona during sunspot minimum. I. Quasi-static approximation," Astrophys. J. 284, 412
  545. Osterbrock, D. E., 1961, "The heating of the solar chromosphere, plages, and corona by magnetohydrodynamic waves," Astrophys. J. 134, 347
  546. Owocki, S. P., and R. C. Canfield, 1986, "The role of nonclassical electron transport in the lower solar transition region," Astrophys. J. 300, 420
  547. Pacholczyk, A. G., 1970, Radio Astronomy (Freeman, San Francisco)
  548. Pallavicini, R., G. Peres, S. Serio, G. S. Vaiana, L. Golub, and R. Rosner, 1981, "Closed coronal structures. III. Comparison of static models with x-ray, EUV and radio observations," Astrophys. J. 247, 692
  549. Parker, E. N., 1960, "The hydrodynamic theory of solar corpuscular radiation and stellar winds," Astrophys. J. 132, 821
  550. Parker, E. N. 1964, "A mechanism for magnetic enhancement of sound-wave generation and the dynamical origin of spicules," Astrophys. J. 140, 1170
  551. Parker, E. N., 1965, "Dynamical theory of the solar wind," Space Sci. Rev. 4, 666
  552. Parker, E. N., 1977, "The origin of solar activity," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 15, 45
  553. Parker, E. N., 1979, Cosmical Magnetic Fields: Their Origin and Their Activity (Oxford University Press, London/New York)
  554. Parker, E. N., 1981a, "The dissipation of inhomogeneous magnetic fields and the problem of coronae. I. Dislocation and flattening of flux tubes," Astrophys. J. 244, 631
  555. Parker, E. N., 1981b, "The dissipation of inhomogeneous magnetic fields and the problem of coronae. II. The dynamics of the dislocated flux," Astrophys. J. 244, 644
  556. Parker, E. N., 1982a, "The dynamics of fibril magnetic fields. I. Effect of flux tubes on convection," Astrophys. J. 256, 292
  557. Parker, E. N., 1982b, "The dynamics of fibril magnetic fields. II. The mean field equations," Astrophys. J. 256, 302
  558. Parker, E. N., 1982c, "The dynamics of fibril magnetic fields. III. Fibril configurations in steady flows," Astrophys. J. 256, 736
  559. Parker, E. N., 1982d, "The dynamics of fibril magnetic fields. IV. Trapping in closed convective rolls," Astrophys. J. 256, 746
  560. Parker, E. N., 1983, "The propagation of torsion along flux tubes subject to dynamical non-equilibrium," Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 24, 245
  561. Parker, E. N., 1984a, "Alfvén waves in a thermally stratified fluid," Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 29, 1
  562. Parker, E. N., 1984b, "Depth of origin of solar active regions," Astrophys. J. 280, 423
  563. Parker, E. N., 1985, "The future of solar physics," Solar Phys. 100, 599
  564. Pasachoff, J. A., and D. A. Landman, 1984, "High-frequency coronal oscillations and coronal heating," Solar Phys. 90, 325
  565. Pasachoff, J. M., R. W. Noyes, and J. M. Beckers, 1968, "Spectral observations of spicules at two heights in the solar chromosphere," Solar Phys. 5, 130
  566. Pedlosky, J., 1960, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (Springer, Berlin; 2nd ed., 1979)
  567. Pekeris, C. L., 1938, "Nonradial oscillations of stars," Astrophys. J. 88, 189
  568. Penston, M. V. and M. T. V. T. Lago, 1983, "Optical and ultraviolet line profiles and ultraviolet line intensities in the T Tauri star LHα 332-21," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 202, 77
  569. Petrukhin, N. S., and S. M. Fainshtein, 1984a, "Parametric generation of Alfvén and sound waves in the solar atmosphere. Homogeneous medium," Sov. Astron. 28, 202
  570. Petrukhin, N. S., and S. M. Fainshtein, 1984b, "Parametric generation of Alfvén and sound waves in the solar atmosphere. II. Isothermal atmosphere," Sov. Astron. 28, 313
  571. Petschek, H. E., 1964, in Magnetic Field Annihilation, AA5-NASA Symposium on the Physics of Solar Flares, edited by W. N. Hess (NASA, Washington, D. C.), p. 425
  572. Philips, O. M., 1966, The Dynamics of the Upper Ocean (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England; 2nd ed., 1976)
  573. Pierce, A. D., 1981, Acoustics (McGraw-Hill, New York)
  574. Pikelner, S. B., 1971, "Theory of spicules and chromospheric structure," Comments Astrophys. Space Phys. 3, 33
  575. Pineau des Fôrets, G., 1979, "Theoretical model of a coronal hole," Astron. 78, 159
  576. Pizzo, V. J., 1986, "Numerical solution of the magnetostatic equations for thick flux tubes, with application to sunspots, pores and related structures," Astrophys. J. 302, 785
  577. Pneuman, G. W., 1980, "The physical structure of coronal holes: influence of magnetic fields and coronal heating," Astron. Astrophys. 81, 161
  578. Pneuman, G. W., and R. A. Kopp, 1977, "Downflow of spicular material and transition region models," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 55, 305
  579. Pneuman, G. W., and R. A. Kopp, 1978, "Downflow in the supergranulation network and its implications for transition region models," Solar Phys. 57, 49
  580. Poirée, B., 1982, doctoral thesis 113-162 (Université de Paris VI)
  581. Poletto, G., 1980, "A common origin for UV and radio fluctuations? " Solar Phys. 66, 323
  582. Poole, E. G. C., 1937, Linear Differential Equations (Oxford University Press, Oxford; reprinted Dover, New York, 1960)
  583. Pottasch, S. R., 1960, "Use of the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium in determining the temperature distribution in the outer solar atmosphere," Astrophys. J. 131, 68
  584. Pottasch, S. R., 1964, "On the interpretation of the solar ultraviolet emission line spectrum," Space Sci. Rev. 3, 816
  585. Pottasch, S. R., 1984, Planetary Nebulae (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  586. Powell, A., 1964, "Theory of vortex sound," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36, 177
  587. Press, W. H., 1981, "Radiative and other effects from internal waves in solar and stellar interiors," Astrophys. J. 245, 286
  588. Priest, E. R., 1982a, Solar Magnetohydrodynamics (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  589. Priest, E. R., 1982b, Solar Flare Magnetohydrodynamics (Gordon and Breach, New York)
  590. Priest, E. R., 1985, in Small-scale magnetic reconnection, European Space Agency, Scientific Proceedings No. SP-220 (unpublished), p. 150
  591. Priest, E. R., 1986, "Magnetohydrodynamic theories of solar flares," Solar Phys. 104, 1
  592. Pritchard, W. G., 1970, "Solitary waves in rotating fluids," J. Fluid Mech. 42, 61
  593. Proctor, M. R. E., 1983, "Collective bifurcation of flux sheets in two-dimensional magnetoconvection," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 204, 935
  594. Proctor, R. R. E., and N.O. Weiss, 1982, "Magnetoconvection," Rep. Prog. Phys. 45, 1317
  595. Provost, J., and N. Mein, 1979, "Wave reflections in the solar atmosphere," Solar Phys. 64, 43
  596. Pudovkin, M. I., and E. E. Benevolenska, 1985, "The internal magnetic field of the sun and peculiarities of the solar activity cycles," Solar Phys. 95, 381
  597. Pudovkin, M. I., S. A. Zaitseva, and S. P. Puchenkina, 1985, "Dependence of the flare stream velocity on magnetic field orientation," Solar Phys. 95, 371
  598. Qing, L. X., Z. Zhang, and Z. Youyi, 1984, "A heating model for the transition region and inner corona," Solar Phys. 91, 289
  599. Rabin, D., R. L. Moore, 1980, "Coronal holes, the height of the chromosphere, and the origin of spicules," Astrophys. J. 241, 394
  600. Rabin, D., and R. L. Moore, 1984, "Heating the sun's lower transition region with fine-scale electric currents," Astrophys. J. 285, 359
  601. Rabin, D., R. Moore, and M. J. Hagyard, 1984, "A case for submergence of magnetic flux in a solar active region," Astrophys. J. 287, 404
  602. Rae, I. C., and B. Roberts, 1981, "Surface waves and the heating of the corona," Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 18, 197
  603. Rae, I. C., and B. Roberts, 1982a, "On MHD wave propagation in inhomogeneous plasmas and the mechanism of resonant absorption," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 201, 1171
  604. Rae, I. C., and B. Roberts, 1982b, "Pulse propagation in a magnetic flux tube," Astrophys. J. 256, 761
  605. Rae, I. C., and B. Roberts, 1983a, "Wave diagram for MHD modes in a magnetically structured atmosphere," Solar Phys. 84, 99
  606. Rae, I. C., and B. Roberts, 1983b, "MHD wave motion in magnetically structured atmospheres," Astron. Astrophys. 119, 28
  607. Raoult, A., M. Pick, D. R. Dennis, and S. R. Kane, 1985, "Solar flare development during the impulsive phase as deduced from correlated radio and hard x-ray observations," Astrophys. J. 299, 1027
  608. Raoult, A.M. PickD. R. DennisS. R. KaneRatcliffe, J. A., 1960, Ed., Physics of the Upper Atmosphere (Academic, New York)
  609. Ratcliffe, J. A., 1972, An Introduction to the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  610. Rayleigh, J. W. S., 1877, The Theory of Sound, 2 vols. (MacMillan, London; reprinted Dover, New York, 1945)
  611. Rayleigh, J. W. S., 1890, "On the vibrations of an atmosphere," Philos. Mag. 29, 173 published in Rayleigh Papers, 6 vols. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1899-1920; reprinted, Dover, New York, 1964), Vol. 3, p. 335
  612. Rayleigh, J. W. S., 1916, "On the propagation of sound in narrow tubes of variable section," Philos. Mag. 31, 89 (Papers, Vol. 6, p. 376
  613. Raymond, J. C., and J. G. Doyle, 1981, "The energy balance in coronal holes and average quiet-sun regions," Astrophys. J. 247, 686
  614. Reddish, V. C., 1978, Stellar Formation (Pergamon, London)
  615. Ricchiazzi, P. J., and R. C. Canfield, 1983, "A static model of chromospheric heating in solar flares," Astrophys. J. 272, 739
  616. Rice, J. B., and V. Gaizauskas, 1973, "The oscillatory velocity field observed in a unipolar sunspot region," Solar Phys. 32, 421
  617. Ritchie, H., 1985, "Rossby wave resonance in the presence of a non-linear critical layer," Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 31, 49
  618. Roberts, B., 1979, "Spicules: the resonant response to granular buffeting? " Solar Phys. 61, 23
  619. Roberts, B., 1980a, "Wave propagation in intense flux tubes," Solar Phys. 87, 77
  620. Roberts, B., 1980b, "Developments récent dans la théorie des ondes MHD parfaites dans les millieux présentant une structure magnétique," Ann. Phys. (Paris) 5, 453
  621. Roberts, B., 1981a, "Wave propagation in a magnetically-structured atmosphere. I. Surface waves at a magnetic interface," Solar Phys. 69, 27
  622. Roberts, B., 1981b, "Wave propagation in a magnetically-structured atmosphere. II. Waves in a magnetic slab," Solar Phys. 69, 39
  623. Roberts, B., 1983a, "Wave propagation in intense flux tubes," Solar Phys. 87, 77
  624. Roberts, B., 1983b, "Solitons in magnetic flux tubes," in Solar and Stellar Magnetic Fields, I.A.U. Symposium No. 102, edited by J. O. Stenflo (Reidel, Dordrecht), p. 61
  625. Roberts, B., 1984a, "The creation of fine structure by magnetic fields," Adv. Space Res. 4, 17
  626. Roberts, B., 1984b, in Solitons in Astrophysics, Proceedings of the 6th General Conference of the European Physical Society, Trends in Physics, edited by J. Kaczer (Department of Applied Mathematics, University of St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland)
  627. Roberts, B., 1986, "Solitary waves in a magnetic flux tube," Phys. Fluids, in press
  628. Roberts, B., P. M. Edwin, and A. O. Benz, 1983, "Fast pulsations in the solar corona," Nature (London) 305, 688
  629. Roberts, B., P. M. Edwin, and A. O. Benz, 1984, "On coronal oscillations," Astrophys. J. 279, 857
  630. Roberts, B., and A. Mangeney, 1982, "Solitons in solar magnetic flux tubes," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 198, 7P
  631. Roberts, B., and A. R. Webb, 1978, "Vertical motions in an intense magnetic flux tube," Solar Phys. 56, 5
  632. Roberts, B., and A. R. Webb, 1979, "Vertical motions in an intense magnetic flux tube. III. On the slender flux tube approximation," Solar Phys. 64, 77
  633. Rosseland, S., 1949, The Pulsation Theory of Variable Stars (Clarendon, Oxford)
  634. Ruderman, M. S., and E. G. Merzljakov, 1984, "Long non-linear waves in a compressible magnetically structured atmosphere. I. Slow sausage waves in a magnetic slab," Solar Phys. 95, 51
  635. Rudraiah, N., and M. Venkatachalappa, 1979, "Propagation of hydromagnetic waves in a perfectly conducting non-isothermal atmosphere in the presence of rotation and a variable magnetic field," J. Fluid Mech. 89, 785
  636. Rudraiah, N., M. Venkatachalappa, and R. Sekar, 1982, "Propagation of hydromagnetic waves in a rotating non-isothermal compressible atmosphere: WKB approximation," Phys. Fluids 25, 1558
  637. Rust, D. M., G. M. Simnett, and D. F. Smith, 1985, "Observational evidence for thermal wave fronts in solar flares," Astrophys. J. 288, 401
  638. Ruzmaikin, A. A., 1985, "The solar dynamo," Solar Phys. 100, 125
  639. Sá, C., M. V. Penston, and M. T. V. T. Lago, 1986, "Emissionline widths and stellar-wind flows in T-Tauri stars," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 222, 213
  640. Sakai, J., 1983, "Modulational instability of fast magnetosonic waves in a solar plasma," Solar Phys. 84, 109
  641. Sakai, J., T. Tajima, and F. Brunel, 1984, "Forced reconnection by non-linear magnetohydrodynamic wave," Solar Phys. 91, 103
  642. Sakurai, T., and A. Granik, 1984, "Generation of coronal electric currents due to convective motions on the photosphere. II. Resonance and phase mixing of Alfvén waves," Astrophys. J. 177, 404
  643. Sawyer, C., 1974, "The galloping chromosphere," Solar Phys. 35, 63
  644. Sawyer, C., 1985, "Visibility and the rate of coronal mass ejections," Solar Phys. 98, 369
  645. Schatten, K. H., and H. G. Mayr, 1984, "A conjecture concerning thermodynamic limits to solar atmospheric heating," Astrophys. J. 283, 853
  646. Schatten, K. H., and H. G. Mayr, 1985, "On the maintenance of sunspots: an ion hurricane mechanism," Astrophys. J. 299, 1051
  647. Schatzman, E., 1949, "The heating of the solar corona and chromosphere," Ann. Astrophys. 12, 203
  648. Schatzman, E., 1958, White Dwarfs (North-Holland, Amsterdam)
  649. Scheidegger, A. E., 1963, Principles of Geodynamics (Springer, Berlin)
  650. Scherrer, P. H., J. M. Wilcox, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, and D. O. Gough, 1982, "Observations of additional low-degree 5-min modes of solar oscillations," Nature (London) 297, 312
  651. Scheuer, M. A., and J. H. Thomas, 1981, "Umbral oscillations as resonant modes of magneto-atmospheric waves," Solar Phys. 71, 21
  652. Schmieder, B., and N. Mein, 1980, "Mechanical energy flux in the solar chromosphere. II. Determination of the mechanical flux," Astron. Astrophys. 84, 99
  653. Schmieder, B., and P. Mein, 1986, "The effect of solar oscillations on the brightness of the limb," Astron. Astrophys. 161, 7
  654. Schmieder, B., P. Mein, M. J. Martres, and E. Tandberg-Hanssen, 1984, "Dynamic evolution of recurrent mass ejections observed in Hα and C IV lines," Solar Phys. 94, 133
  655. Schmitt, J. H. M. M., R. Rosner, and H. U. Bohn, 1984, "The overshoot region at the bottom of the solar convection zone," Astrophys. J. 282, 316
  656. Schröter, E. H., 1985, "The solar differential rotation: present status of observations," Solar Phys. 100, 141
  657. Schröter, E. H., and D. Soltau, 1976, "On the time behavior of oscillations in sunspot umbrae," Astron. Astrophys. 49, 463
  658. Schwarzschild, M., 1948, "On noise arising from the solar granulation," Astrophys. J. 107, 1
  659. Schwarzschild, M., 1958, Structure and Evolution of Stars (Princeton University Press, Princeton; reprinted Dover, New York, 1965)
  660. Schwartz, S. J., and N. Bel, 1984, "Propagation of waves in an atmosphere in the presence of a magnetic field. VII. Magneto-acoustic-gravity modes in an oblique B," Astron. Astrophys. 137, 128
  661. Schwartz, S. J., N. Bel, and P. S. Cally, 1984, "On the absence of critical levels in the solar atmosphere," Solar Phys. 92, 133
  662. Schwartz, S. J., P. S. Cally, and N. Bel, 1984, "Chromospheric and coronal Alfvénic oscillations in non-vertical magnetic fields," Solar Phys. 92, 81
  663. Schwartz, S. J., and B. Leroy, 1982, "Propagation of waves in an atmosphere in the presence of a magnetic field. VI. Application of magneto-acoustic-gravity mode theory to the solar atmosphere," Astron. Astrophys. 112, 93
  664. Scuflaire, R., M. Gabriel, and A. Noels, 1981, "The solar structure and the five-minute oscillation," Astron. Astrophys. 99, 39
  665. Seely, J. F., and U. Feldman, 1984, "Direct measurement of the increase in altitude of the soft x-ray emission region during a solar flare," Astrophys. J. 280, 259
  666. Segal, I. Z., 1976, Mathematical Cosmology and Extragalactic Astronomy (Academic, New York)
  667. Serio, S., G. Peres, G. S. Vaiana, L. Golub, and R. Rosner, 1981, "Closed coronal structures. II. Generalized hydrostatic model," Astrophys. J. 243, 288
  668. Seykora, E. J., A. Bhatnagar, R. M. Jain, and J. L. Streete, 1985, "Evidence of atmospheric-gravity waves produced during the 11 June 1983 total solar eclipse," Nature (London) 313, 124
  669. Shercliff, J. A., 1965, A Textbook of Magnetohydrodynamics (Pergamon, Oxford/New York)
  670. Shibaiashi, H., and Y. Osaki, 1981, "Theoretical eigenfrequencies of solar oscillations of low harmonic degree l in the five-minute range," Solar Phys. 82, 231
  671. Shibata, K., 1982, "Two types of jets and the origin of microspicules," Solar Phys. 81, 9
  672. Shibata, K., and Y. Uchida, 1986, "Sweeping-magnetic-twist mechanism for the acceleration of jets in the solar atmosphere," Solar Phys. 103, 299
  673. Shklovskii, I. S., 1968, Supernovae (Wiley, New York)
  674. Shohet, J. L., 1971, The Plasma State (Academic, New York)
  675. Shukla, P. K., 1983, "Non-linear propagation of hydromagnetic waves in high-beta plasmas," Astrophys. J. 268, 396
  676. Shuter, W. L. H., and Klatt, C., 1986, "Phase modulation of the sun's z oscillations," Astrophys. J. 301, 471
  677. Simnett, G. M., and R. A. Harrison, 1985, "The onset of coronal mass ejections," Solar Phys. 99, 201
  678. Simon, G. W., N. O. Weiss, and A. H. Nye, 1983, "Simple models for magnetic flux tubes," Solar Phys. 87, 65
  679. Simon, G. W., and P. R. Wilson, 1985, "Flux changes in small magnetic regions," Astrophys. J. 295, 241
  680. Sitenko, A. G., 1982, Fluctuations and Non-linear Wave Interactions in Plasmas (Pergamon, Oxford/New York)
  681. Skilling, J., 1968, Pulsating Stars (Plenum, New York)
  682. Skumanich, A., J. L. Lean, O. R. White, and W. C. Livingston, 1984, "The sun as a star: three-component analysis of chromospheric variability in the calcium k line," Astrophys. J. 282, 776
  683. Snodgrass, H. B., 1983, "Magnetic rotation of the solar photosphere," Astrophys. J. 279, 288
  684. Soltau, D., E. H. Schröter, and H. Wöhl, 1976, "On velocity oscillations in sunspot umbrae," Astron. Astrophys. 50, 367
  685. Soltau, D., and E. Wiehr, 1984, "Time-dependence of umbral oscillations," Astron. Astrophys. 141, 159
  686. Somasundàram, K., and C. Uberoi, 1982, "Compressibility effects in hydromagnetic surface waves," Solar Phys. 81, 19
  687. Southwood, D. J., 1974, "Some features of field line resonances in the magnetosphere," Planet. Space Sci. 22, 483
  688. Sparks, L., and G. van Hoven, 1985, "The physics of thermal instability in two dimensions," Solar Phys. 97, 283
  689. Spicer, D. S., 1983, "Coronal heating and photospheric boundary condtions," Solar Phys. 88, 43
  690. Spitzer, L., 1956, Physics of Fully Ionized Gases (Wiley-Interscience, New York)
  691. Spitzer, L., 1968, Diffuse Matter in Space (Wiley-Interscience, New York)
  692. Spitzer, L., 1978, Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium (Wiley, New York)
  693. Spruit, H. C., 1981a, "Equations of thin flux tubes in ideal MHD," Astron. Astrophys. 102, 129
  694. Spruit, H. C., 1981b, "Motion of magnetic flux tubes in the solar convection zone and chromosphere," Astron. Astrophys. 98, 155
  695. Spruit, H. C., 1982, "Propagation speeds and acoustic damping of waves in magnetic flux tubes," Solar Phys. 75, 3
  696. Spruit, H. C., and B. Roberts, 1983, "Magnetic flux tubes on the sun," Nature (London) 304, 401
  697. Srivastava, R. C., D. Leutloff, J. P. Vishwakarma, and A. Kumar, 1986, "Propagation of spherical magnetogasdynamic shock waves," Astrophys. Space Sci. 122, 33
  698. Stacey, F. D., 1969, Physics of the Earth (Wiley, New York)
  699. Staude, J., 1981, "A unified working model for the atmospheric structure of large sunspot umbrae," Astron. Astrophys. 100, 284
  700. Staude, J., Y. D. Zhugzhda, and V. Locans, 1985, "Interpretation of oscillations in UV-lines observed above sunspot umbrae," Solar Phys. 95, 37
  701. Stein, R. F., 1967, "Generation of acoustic and gravity waves by turbulence in an isothermal stratified atmosphere," Solar Phys. 2, 385
  702. Stein, R. F., 1971, "Reflection, refraction and coupling of MHD waves at a density step," Astrophys. J. Suppl. 192, 419
  703. Stein, R. F., 1981, "Stellar chromospheric and coronal heating by magnetohydrodynamic waves," Astrophys. J. 246, 966
  704. Stein, R. F., 1982, "On the modal structure of solar oscillations," Astron. Astrophys. 105, 417
  705. Stein, R. F., and J. W. Leibacher, 1974, "Waves in the solar atmosphere," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 12, 407
  706. Steinholfson, R. S., 1985, "Resistive wave dissipation on magnetic inhomogeneities: normal modes and phase mixing," Astrophys. J. 295, 213
  707. Steinholfson, R. S.Stenflo, J. O., 1982, Ed., Solar and Stellar Magnetic Fields: Origins and Coronal Effects, I.A.U. Symposium No. 102 (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  708. Stenflo, J. O., 1985, "Measurements of magnetic fields and the analysis of Stokes profiles," Solar Phys. 100, 189
  709. Stenflo, J. O., and J. W. Harvey, 1985, "Dependence of the properties of magnetic flux tubes on area factor or amount of flux," Solar Phys. 95, 99
  710. Stenflo, J. O., and M. Vogel, 1986, "Global resonances in the evolution of solar magnetic fields," Nature (London) 319, 285
  711. Sterling, A. C., and J. V. Hollweg, 1984, Astrophys. J. 285, 843
  712. Stokes, G. G., 1847, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 8, 411
  713. Störmer, C., 1955, The Polar Aurorae (Clarendon, Oxford)
  714. Stratton, J. A., 1941, Electromagnetic Theory (McGraw-Hill, New York)
  715. Stratton, J. A.Sturrock, P. A., T. E. Holzer, D. M. Mihalas, and B. K. Ulrich, 1985, Eds., Physics of the Sun, 3 vols. (Reidel, Dordrecht)
  716. Sturrock, P. A., and Y. Uchida, 1981, "Coronal heating by stochastic magnetic pumping," Astrophys. J. 246, 331
  717. Suematsu, Y., 1985, "Mass motions due to shock propagations along low-lying loops in the solar atmosphere," Solar Phys. 98, 67
  718. Suematsu, Y., K. Shibata, T. Nishikawa, and R. Kitai, 1982, "Numerical hydrodynamics of the jet phenomena in the solar atmosphere. I. Spicules," Solar Phys. 75, 99
  719. Suess, S. T., 1975, "Hydromagnetic waves," Am. Inst. Aeron. Astron. J. 13, 443
  720. Suess, S. T., 1982, "Unsteady, thermally conductive coronal flow," Astrophys. J. 259, 880
  721. Summers, D., 1976, "Gravity-modified sound waves in a conducting stratified atmosphere," Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 29, 117
  722. Summers, D., 1983, "Flow tube dynamics and coronal holes," Solar Phys. 85, 93
  723. Svalgaard, L., and J. M. Wilcox, 1978, "A view of solar magnetic fields, the solar corona, and the solar wind in three dimensions," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 16, 429
  724. Svestka, Z., 1972, "Spectra of solar flares," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 10, 1
  725. Swihart, T. L., 1981, Radiation Transfer in Stellar Atmospheres (Pachart, Tucson, Az)
  726. Tanaka, K., and E. Hiei, 1972, "The chromospheric continuum observed at the total solar eclipse of 12 November 1966 and a model of the low chromosphere," Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 24, 323
  727. Tanaka, K., and H. Zirin, 1985, "The great flare of 1982 June," Astrophys. J. 299, 1036
  728. Tandberg-Hanssen, E., P. Kaufmann, E. J. Reichmann, D. L. Teuber, R. L. Moore, L. E. Orwig, 1984, "Observation of the impulsive phase of a simple flare," Solar Phys. 90, 41
  729. Tassoul, J. L., 1978, Theory of Rotating Stars (Princeton University Press, Princeton)
  730. Tassoul, M., 1980, "Asymptotic approximations for stellar nonradial pulsations," Astrophys. J. 43, 469
  731. Tatarski, V. I., 1971, Wave Propagation in a Turbulent Medium (Dover, New York)
  732. Tavakol, R. K., and A. S. Tworkowski, 1981, "Redistribution of energy by vertical oscillations in the solar atmosphere," Solar Phys. 71, 203
  733. Taylor, J. B., 1986, "Relaxation and magnetic reconnection in plasmas," Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 741
  734. Thomas, J. H., 1976, in Energy balance and hydrodynamics of the solar corona, Proceedings of IAU Colloquium 38, Nice, edited by R. M. Bonnet and P. Delache, p. 134-138
  735. Thomas, J. H., 1978, "The reflection of Alfvén waves and the cooling of sunspots," Astrophys. J. 225, 275
  736. Thomas, J. H., 1982, "The local dispersion relation for magneto-atmospheric waves," Astrophys. J. 262, 760
  737. Thomas, J. H. 1983, "Magneto-atmospheric waves," Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 15, 321
  738. Thomas, J. H., 1984, "Umbral oscillations in sunspots," Astron. Astrophys. 135, 188
  739. Thomas, J. H., L. E. Cram, and A. H. Nye, 1982, "Five-minute oscillations as a subsurface probe of sunspot structure," Nature (London) 297, 485
  740. Thomas, J. H., L. E. Cram, and A. H. Nye, 1984, "Dynamical phenomena in sunspots. I. Observing procedures and oscillatory phenomena," Astrophys. J. 285, 368
  741. Thomas, J. H. and A. H. Nye, 1975, "Convective instability in the presence of a non-uniform horizontal magnetic field," Phys. Fluids 18, 490
  742. Thomas, J. H., and M. A. Scheuer, 1982, "Umbral Oscillations in a detailed model umbra," Solar Phys 79, 19
  743. Thomas, R. N., 1948, "Superthermic phenomena in stellar atmospheres. I. Spicules and the solar atmosphere," Astrophys. J. 108, 130
  744. Thomas, R. N., and R. G. Athay, 1961, Physics of the Solar Chromosphere (Wiley-Interscience, New York)
  745. Thorpe, S. A., 1968, "On the shape of progressive internal waves," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Sec. A 263, 563
  746. Todhunter, I., 1873, The Figure of the Earth, 2 vols. (MacMillan, London; reprinted Dover, New York, 1962)
  747. Tolstoy, I., 1963, "The theory of waves in stratified fluids including the effects of gravity and rotation," Rev. Mod. Phys. 35, 207
  748. Tolstoy, I., 1973, Wave Propagation (McGraw-Hill, New York)
  749. Tong, U., S. Lu, X. Mao, and J. Han, 1985, "The dynamo theory of plasma turbulence and waves in rotating celestial bodies," Astrophys. Space. Sci. 113, 303
  750. Torricelli-Ciamponi, G., G. Eunaudi, and C. Chiuderi, 1982, "Diagnostics of coronal heating processes based on the emission measure of UV lines," Astron. Astrophys. 105, L1
  751. Tsubaki, T., 1975, "Line profile analysis of a coronal formation observed near a quiescent prominence: intensities, temperatures and velocity fields," Solar Phys. 43, 147
  752. Turner, J. S., 1973, Buoyancy Effects in Fluids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  753. Uchida, Y., 1961, "On the formation of solar chromospheric spicules and flare-surges," Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 13, 321
  754. Uchida, Y., 1969, "A mechanism for the acceleration of solar chromospheric spicules," Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 21, 128
  755. Uchida, Y., and U. Kaburaki, 1975, "Excess heating of the corona and chromosphere above magnetic regions by nonlinear Alfvén waves," Solar Phys. 35, 451
  756. Uchida, Y., and T. Sakurai, 1975, "Oscillations in sunspot umbras due to trapped Alfvén waves excited by overstability," Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 27, 259
  757. Uexküll, M., F. Kneer, and W. Mattig, 1983, "The chromosphere above sunspot umbrae. IV. Frequency analysis of umbral oscillations," Astron. Astrophys. 123, 263
  758. Uexküll, M., F. Kneer, W. Mattig, A. Nesis, and W. Schmidt, 1985, "Oscillations of the sun's chromosphere. III. Simultaneous Hα observations from two sites," Astron. Astrophys. 146, 192
  759. Ulmschneider, P., 1971a, "On the computation of shock heated models for the solar chromosphere and corona," Astron. Astrophys. 12, 297
  760. Ulmschneider, P., 1971b, "On the propagation spectrum of acoustic waves in the solar atmosphere," Astron. Astrophys. 14, 275
  761. Ulmschneider, P., 1979, "Stellar chromospheres," Space Sci. Rev. 24, 71
  762. Ulmschneider, P., 1982, in Solar Phenomena in Stars and Stellar Systems, NATO Advanced Study Institute, Bonas, France, 1980, edited by R. M. Bonnet and K. Dupree (Reidel, Dordrecht), p. 239
  763. Ulmschneider, P., and R. F. Stein, 1982, "Heating of stellar chromospheres when magnetic fields are present," Astron. Astrophys. 106, 9
  764. Underhill, A. B., "Possible evidence for the driving of the winds of hot stars by Alfvén waves," Astrophys. J. 268, L127
  765. Unno, W., Y. Osaki, H. Ando, and H. Shibaiashi, 1979, Non-radial Oscillations in Stars (Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan)
  766. Unsold, A., 1955, Physik der Sternatmosphärer (Springer, Berlin)
  767. Urey, H. C., 1952, The Planets: Their Origin and Development (Yale University, New Haven, CT)
  768. Vaiana, G. S., and R. Rosner, 1978, "Recent advances in coronal physics," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 16, 393
  769. Vainshtein, S. I., and E. N. Parker, 1986, "Magnetic nonequilibrium and current sheet formation," Astrophys. J. 304, 821
  770. Vainshtein, S. I.E. N. ParkerVan Allen, J. A., 1956, Ed., Upper Atmosphere Rocket Research, Panel Symposium, Ann Arbor, Michigan (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor)
  771. van Ballegooijen, A. A., 1982, 1982, "The structure of the solar magnetic field below the photosphere. I. Adiabatic flux tube models," Astron. Astrophys. 106, 43
  772. van Ballegooijen, A. A., 1984, "On the temperature structure of sunspot umbrae," Solar Phys. 91, 195
  773. van Ballegooijen, A. A., 1985, "Electric currents in the solar corona and the existence of magnetostatic equilibrium," Astrophys. J. 298, 421
  774. van Ballegooijen, A. A., 1986, "On the surface response of solar giant cells," Astrophys. J. 304, 828
  775. van Beek, H. F., et al., 1981, "The limb flare of 1980 April 30 as seen by the hard x-ray imaging spectrometer," Astrophys. J. 244, L157
  776. Van Hoven, G., S. S. Ma, and G. Einaudi, 1981, "The stability of solar coronal loops with realistic photospheric boundary conditions," Astron. Astrophys. 97, 232
  777. Veck, N. J., K. T. Strong, C. Jordan, G. M. Simnett, P. J. Cargill, and E. R. Priest, 1984, "The development and cooling of a solar limb-flare," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 210, 443
  778. Venkatakrishnan, P., and S. S. Hasan, 1982, "Comment on the paper: a new resonance in the solar atmosphere," Solar Phys. 75, 79
  779. Verma, B. G., R. C. Srivastava, and V. K. Singh, 1985, "Spherical shock waves in viscous magnetogasdynamics," Astrophys. Space Sci. 111, 253
  780. Vernazza, J. E., E. H. Avrett, and R. Loeser, 1973, "Structure of the solar chromosphere. I. Basic computations and summary of results," Astrophys. J. 184, 605
  781. Vernazza, J. E., E. H. Avrett, and R. Loeser, 1976, "Structure of the solar chromosphere. II. The underlying photosphere and temperature-minimum region," Astrophys. J. Suppl. 30, 1
  782. Vernazza, J. E., A. H. Avrett, and R. Loeser, 1981, "Structure of the solar chromosphere. III. Models of the EUV brightness components of the quiet sun," Astrophys. J. Suppl. 45, 635
  783. Vial, J. C., P. Lemaire, G. Artzner, and P. Gouttebroze, 1980, "O VI (λ=1032 Å) profiles in and above an active region prominence, compared to quiet sun center and limb profiles," Solar Phys. 68, 187
  784. Voigt, I. W., 1898, Die fundamentalen physikalischen Eigenschaften der Kristalle (Teubner, Leipzig)
  785. Von Mises, R., 1958, Mathematical Theory of Compressible Fluid Flow (Academic, New York)
  786. Wagner, W. J., 1984, "Coronal mass ejections," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22, 267
  787. Wallen, C., 1944, "On the theory of sunspots," Ark. Mat. Astron. Fys. A 30, No. 15 ibid.B 31, No. 3
  788. Wang, J., H. Zirin, and Z. Shi, 1985, "The smallest observable elements of magnetic flux," Solar. Phys. 98, 241
  789. Watson, G. N., 1944, Bessel Functions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England)
  790. Webb, A. R., and B. Roberts, 1980, "Vertical motions in an intense magnetic flux tube. IV. Radiative relaxation in a uniform medium," Solar Phys. 68, 71
  791. Weinberg, S., 1962, "Eikonal method in magnetohydrodynamics," Phys. Rev. 126, 1899
  792. Weiss, N. O., 1977, "Small-scale magnetic fields: theory," Highlights Astron. 4, 241
  793. Weiss, N. O., 1978, "Small-scale magnetic fields and convection in the solar photosphere," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 183, 63P
  794. Weiss, N. O., 1981a, "Convection in an imposed magnetic field. Part 1. Development of nonlinear convection," J. Fluid Mech. 108, 247
  795. Weiss, N. O., 1981b, "Convection in an imposed magnetic field. Part 2. The dynamical regime," J. Fluid Mech. 108, 273
  796. Wentzel, G., 1926, "Eine Verallgemeinerung der Quarterbedinguger für die Zwecke der Wellenmechanik," Z. Phys. 38, 518
  797. Wentzel, D. G., 1979a, "Hydromagnetic surface waves," Astrophys. J. 227, 319
  798. Wentzel, D. G., 1979b, "The dissipation of hydromagnetic surface waves," Astrophys. J. 233, 756
  799. Wentzel, D. G., 1986, "Solar activity and the coupling of g-mode oscillations," Astrophys. J. 300, 824
  800. Wentzel, D. G., and A. B. Solinger, 1967, "On the motion of shocks through the solar chromosphere," Astrophys. J. 148, 877
  801. Weymann, R., and R. Howard, 1958, "Note on hydromagnetic waves passing through an atmosphere with a density gradient," Astrophys. J. 128, 142
  802. White, O. R., 1977, The Solar Output and Its Variation (University of Colorado, Boulder, CO)
  803. Whitham, G. B., 1974, Linear and Nonlinear Waves (Wiley-Interscience New York)
  804. Whittaker, E. T., and G. N. Watson, 1902, Course of Modern Analysis (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England; 6th ed., 1927)
  805. Wiehr, E., F. Stellmacher, and H. Balthasar, 1984, "Oscillations of the Hα emission in solar prominences," Solar Phys. 94, 285
  806. Willson, R. C., S. Gulkis, M. Janssen, H. S. Hudson, and G. A. Chapman, 1981, "Observations of solar irradiance variability," Science 211, 700
  807. Willson, R. C. and H. S. Hudson, 1981, "Variations of solar irradiance," Astrophys. J. 244, L188
  808. Withbroe, G. L., 1983, "The role of spicules in the heating of the solar atmosphere: implications of EUV observations," Astrophys. J. 267, 825
  809. Withbroe, G. L., J. L. Kohl, H. Weiser, and R. H. Munro, 1985, "Coronal temperatures, heating and energy flow in a polar region of the sun at solar maximum," Astrophys. J. 297, 324
  810. Withbroe, G. L., and R. W. Noyes, 1977, "Mass and energy flow in the solar chromosphere and corona," Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 15, 363
  811. Wittmann, A., 1981, "Balloon-borne imagery of the solar granulation," Astron. Astrophys. 99, 90
  812. Wöhl, H., and Nordlund, A., 1985, "A comparison of artificial solar granules with real solar granules," Solar Phys. 97, 213
  813. Wolfson, R. L. T., 1982, "Equilibria and stability of coronal magnetic arches," Astrophys. J. 255, 744
  814. Wolfson, R., 1985, "A coronal magnetic field model with volume and current sheets," Astrophys. J. 288, 769
  815. Wood, K. P., and H. K. Moffatt, 1985, "Large and small scale motions in kinetic dynamos," Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 32, 135
  816. Woolfson, M. M., 1979, "Star formation in a galactic cluster," Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 291, 219
  817. Wu, S. T., R. S. Steinolfson, and E. Tandberg-Hanssen, 1981, "Magnetohydrodynamic models of coronal transients in the meridional plane. IV. Effect of solar wind," Astrophys. J. 243, 641
  818. Yanowitch, M., 1967a, "Effect of viscosity on vertical oscillations of an isothermal atmosphere," Can. J. Phys. 45, 2003
  819. Yanowitch, M. 1967b, "The effect of viscosity on gravity waves and the upper boundary condition," J. Fluid Mech. 29, 209
  820. Ye, S.-H., and J.-H. Jin, 1986, "Monochromatic images in Stokes parameters and the structure of magnetic fields in sunspots," Solar Phys. 104, 273
  821. Yeh, T., 1974, "Wavenumber surfaces of magnetoatmospheric waves," Phys. Fluids 17, 2282
  822. Yeh, T., 1986, "Magnetic structure of a flux rope," Astrophys. J. 305, 884
  823. Yih, C. S., 1965, Dynamics of Non-Homogeneous Fluids (Mac-Millan, London)
  824. Yoshimura, H., F. Wu, and Z. Wang, 1984, "Linear astrophysical dynamos in rotating spheres: solar and stellar cycle north-south hemispheric parity selection mechanism and turbulent magnetic diffusivity," Astrophys. J. 285, 325
  825. Yu, C. P., 1965, "Magneto-atmospheric waves in a horizontally-stratified conducting medium," Phys. Fluids 8, 650
  826. Yun, H. S., H. A. Beebe, and W. E. Baggett, 1984, "A model of the penumbral atmosphere," Solar Phys. 92, 145
  827. Zhugzhda, Y. D., 1971, "Low-frequency oscillatory convection in the strong magnetic field," Cosmic Electrodyn. 2, 267
  828. Zhugzhda, Y. D., 1984, "Resonance oscillations in sunspots and transformation of magneto-acoustic-gravity waves," Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 207, 731
  829. Zhugzhda, Y. D., and N. S. Dzhalilov, 1981, "Conversion of magnetogravitational waves in the solar atmosphere," Sov. Astron. 25, 477
  830. Zhugzhda, Y. D., and N. S. Dzhalilov, 1984a, "Magnetoacoustic-gravity waves on the sun. I. Exact solution for an oblique field," Astron. Astrophys. 132, 45
  831. Zhugzhda, Y. D., and N. S. Dzhalilov, 1984b, "Magnetoacoustic-gravity waves on the sun. II. Transformation and propagation," Astron. Astrophys. 132, 52
  832. Zhugzhda, Y. D., and N. S. Dzhalilov, 1984c, "Magnetoacoustic-gravity waves on the sun. III. The theory of running penumbral waves," Astron. Astrophys. 133, 333
  833. Zhugzhda, Y. D., and V. Locans, 1982, "Tunneling and interference of Alfvén waves," Solar Phys. 76, 77
  834. Zhugzhda, Y. D., V. Locans, and J. Staude, 1985, "Oscillations in the chromosphere and transition region above sunspot umbrae. A photospheric or chromospheric resonator?" Astron. Astrophys. 143, 201
  835. Zhugzhda, Y. D., and V. I. Makarov, 1982, "On the dynamics of the chromosphere above sunspots," Solar Phys. 81, 245
  836. Zhugzhda, Y. D., J. Staude, and V. Locans, 1984, "A model of oscillations in the chromosphere and transition region above sunspot umbrae," Solar Phys. 91, 219
  837. Zhukov, N. I., 1985, "On the linear transformation and resonant absorption of Alfvén p-modes in sunspots," Solar Phys. 98, 39
  838. Zwaan, C., 1985, "The emergence of magnetic flux," Solar Phys. 100, 397
  839. Zweibel, E. G., 1981, "MHD instabilities of atmospheres with magnetic fields," Astrophys. J. 249, 731

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 363– Published 1 April, 1987

    © 1987 American Physical Society

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation