The physical interaction potential of gas atoms with single-crystal surfaces, determined from gas-surface diffraction experiments

H. Hoinkes

doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.52.933

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The physical interaction potential of gas atoms with single-crystal surfaces, determined from gas-surface diffraction experiments

H. Hoinkes

Physikalisches Institut der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, D 8520 Erlangen, Germany

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 933 – Published 1 October, 1980

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.52.933

Abstract

A comprehensive survey and data collection of experimental results achieved from diffracting beams of light gases like H, D, ${}^{3}{He}$ , ${}^{4}{He}$ , and $H_{2}$ from single-crystal surfaces (alkali halides, oxides, and graphite) is given, and it is shown that gas-surface diffraction is a valuable tool to get detailed information on the physical gas-surface potential: (a) From comparison of diffracted beam intensities with calculations in a corrugated hardwall approximation the periodic structure of the interaction potential is obtained together with information on the atomic structure at the surface. (b) From bound-state resonance investigations one gets information on the different terms of the gas-surface potential in Fourier expansion $v (r) = Σ_{G} v_{G} (z) \exp (i G \cdot R)$ : the achieved spectrum of binding energies { $E_{j}$ } can be used to construct the main term $v_{00} (z)$ , whereas observed splitting of degenerate bound states allows evaluation of the strength of the periodic terms $v_{G} (z)$ . (c) from $E_{j}$ levels near the dissociation limit the constant $C_{3}$ of gas-surface long-range dispersion attraction can be determined. Finally, regarding the experimental results on $C_{3}$ and the potential well depth $D$ , two semiempirical rules are established: $C_{3} = K_{C} \cdot α \frac{(ε - 1)}{(ε + 1)}$ and $D = K_{D} \cdot α \frac{(ε - 1)}{(ε + 1)}$ . These rules allow the calculation of $C_{3}$ and $D$ from the static electric polarizability $α$ of the atom, the optical dielectric constant $ε$ of the solid, and the system-independent constants $K_{C}$ , $K_{D}$ given in the text. Calculated values of $D$ for several gas-surface systems are given in a table.

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Reviews of Modern Physics

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The physical interaction potential of gas atoms with single-crystal surfaces, determined from gas-surface diffraction experiments

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