- Access by Xinjiang University
Propagation in glass optical waveguides
Rev. Mod. Phys. 51, 341 – Published 1 April, 1979
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.51.341
Abstract
The propagation theory of multimode and single-mode optical waveguide fibers is reviewed. The subjects reviewed include basic propagation theory, the influence of the glass medium on attenuation and pulse dispersion, and the effects of perturbations of the waveguide's geometry and index profile.
References (225)
- Adams, M. J., D. N. Payne, and F. M. E. Sladen, 1975, Electron. Lett. 11, 238
- Adams, M. J., D. N. Payne, and F. M. E. Sladen, 1976, Electron. Lett. 12, 281
- Arnaud, J. A., 1974a, Electron. Lett. 11, 8
- Arnaud, J. A., 1974b, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 53, 1379
- Arnaud, J. A., 1974c, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 53, 1599
- Arnaud, J. A., 1975, Electron. Lett. 11, 447
- Arnaud, J. A., 1976a, Electron. Lett. 12, 654
- Arnaud, J. A., 1976b, Beam and Fiber Optics (Academic, New York)
- Arnaud, J. A., and R. M. Derosier, 1976, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 55, 1489
- Arnaud, J. A., and J. W. Fleming, 1976, Electron. Lett. 12, 167
- Arnaud, J. A., and W. Mammel, 1976, Electron. Lett. 12, 6
- Bagley, B. G., E. M. Vogel, W. G. French, G. A. Pasteur, J. N. Gan, and J. Tauc, 1976, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 22, 423
- Bates, C. W., Jr., 1976, Appl. Opt. 15, 2976
- Bates, T., 1962, in Modern Aspects of the Vitreous State, edited by J. D. Mackenzie, Vol. 2 (Butterworth, Washington, D.C.)
- Born, M., and E. Wolf, 1970, Principles of Optics, 4th ed. (Pergamon, Oxford), p. 10
- Checcacci, P. F., R. Falciai, and A. M. Sheggi, 1977, Electron. Lett. 13, 379
- Cherin, A. H., and E. J. Murphy, 1975, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 54, 1975
- Cohen, L. G., 1975, Appl. Opt. 14, 1351
- Cohen, L. G., 1976, Appl. Opt. 15, 1808
- Cohen, L. G., and C. Lin, 1977, Appl. Opt. 16, 3137
- Conradi, J., F. P. Kapron, and J. C. Dyment, 1978, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices ED-25, 180
- Cook, J. S., 1977, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 56, 719
- Costa, B., and B. Sordo, 1976, in Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Optical Fibre Communication, Paris (Comité du Colloque International sur le Transmission par Fibres Optiques, Paris), p. 81
- DiDomenico, M., Jr., 1972, Appl. Opt. 11, 652
- Dil, J. G., and H. Blok, 1973, Opto-Electron. 5, 415
- DiVita, P., and R. Vannuci, 1976, Appl. Opt. 15, 2765
- Dyott, R. B., and J. R. Stern, 1971, Electron. Lett. 7, 82
- Fabelinskii, I. L., 1968, Molecular Scattering of Light (Plenum, New York)
- Fleming, J. W., 1976, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 54, 503
- Fox, M., 1977, Microwaves, Optics and Acoustics 1, 133
- French, W. G., J. P. MacChesney, P. B. O'Connor, and G. W. Tasker, 1974, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 53, 951
- French, W. G., A. D. Pearson, G. W. Tasker, and J. B. Mac-Chesney, 1973, Appl. Phys. Lett. 23, 338
- French, W. G., G. W. Tasker, and J. R. Simpson, 1976, Appl. Opt. 15, 1803
- Gambling, W. A., and H. Matsumura, 1977a, Electron. Lett. 13, 532
- Gambling, W. A., and H. Matsumura, 1977b, Electron. Lett. 13, 691
- Gambling, W. A., H. Matsumura, and A. G. Cowley, 1978, Electron. Lett. 14, 54
- Gambling, W. A., D. N. Payne, C. R. Hammond, and S. R. Norman, 1976, Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng. 123, 570
- Gambling, W. A., D. N. Payne, and H. Matsumura, 1976, Electron. Lett. 12, 567
- Gambling, W. A., D. N. Payne, and H. Matsumura, 1977, Electron. Lett. 13, 139
- Gambling, W. A., D. N. Payne, H. Matsumura, and R. B. Dyott, 1977a, Microwaves, Optics and Acoustics 1, 13
- Gambling, W. A., D. N. Payne, H. Matsumura, and S. R. Norman, 1977b, Electron. Lett. 13, 133
- Gardner, W. B., 1975, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 54, 457
- Geckler, S., 1976, Electron. Lett. 16, 29
- Geckler, S., 1978, Appl. Opt. 17, 1023
- Geittner, P., D. Küppers, and H. Lydtin, 1976, Appl. Phys. Lett. 28, 645
- Gibbons, G., 1977, in Proceedings of the Topical Meeting on Optical Fiber Transmission II, Williamsburg, Va., WB1 (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C.)
- Gloge, D., 1971a, Appl. Opt. 10, 2252
- Gloge, D., 1971b, Appl. Opt. 10, 2442
- Gloge, D., 1972a, Appl. Opt. 11, 2506
- Gloge, D., 1972b, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 51, 1767
- Gloge, D., 1973, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 52, 801
- Gloge, D., 1975a, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-23, 106
- Gloge, D., 1975b, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 54, 245
- Gloge, D., and E. A. J. Marcatili, 1973, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 52, 1563
- Gupta, P. K., J. Schroeder, I. D. Aggarwal, and P. B. Macedo, 1974, in Proceedings of the symposium on Optical and Acoustic Micro-Electronics, New York (Polytechnic, Brooklyn), p. 175
- Hammond, C. R., and S. R. Norman, 1977, Opt. and Quant. Electron. 9, 399
- Hartman, R. L., N. E. Schumaker, and R. W. Dixon, 1977, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 756
- Hashimoto, M., 1976, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-24, 404
- Heiblum, M., and J. H. Harris, 1975, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 75
- Hersee, S. D., and R. C. Goodfellow, 1976, in Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Optical Fibre Communication, Paris (Comité du Colloque International sur le Transmission par Fibres Optiques, Paris), p. 213
- Horiguchi, M., 1978 (private communication)
- Horiguchi, M., and H. Osanai, 1976, Electron. Lett. 12, 310
- Ikeda, K., H. Kan, E. Oomura, K. Matsui, M. Ishii, and W. Susaki, 1977, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication, Tokyo (Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, Tokyo), p. 77
- Ikeda, K., and M. Yoshiyagawa, 1976, in Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Optical Fibre Communication, Paris (Comité du Colloque International sur le Transmission par Fibres Optiques, Paris), p. 27
- Ishikawa, S., K. Furuya, and Y. Suematsu, 1977, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication, Tokyo (Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, Tokyo), p. 427
- Izawa, T., S. Kobayashi, S. Sudo, and F. Hanawa, 1977, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication, Tokyo (Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, Tokyo), p. 375
- Izawa, T., N. Shibata, and A. Takeda, 1977, Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 33
- Jaeger, R. E., J. B. MacChesney, and T. J. Miller, 1978, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 57, 205
- Kaiser, P., 1974, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 475
- Kaiser, P., A. R. Tynes, H. W. Astle, A. D. Pearson, W. G. French, A. E. Jaeger, and A. H. Cherin, 1973, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 63, 1141
- Kaminow, I. P., and H. M. Presby, 1977, Appl. Opt. 16, 108
- Kao, K. C., and G. A. Hockam, 1966, Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng. 113, 1151
- Kapany, N. S., and J. J. Burke, 1972, Optical Waveguides (Academic, New York)
- Kapron, F. P., 1977, Electron. Lett. 13, 96
- Kapron, F. P., and D. B. Keck, 1971, Appl. Opt. 10, 1519
- Kapron, F. P., D. B. Keck, and R. D. Maurer, 1970, Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 423
- Kashima, N., and N. Uchida, 1977, Appl. Opt. 16, 1038
- Kashima, N., and N. Uchida, 1978, Appl. Opt. 17, 1199
- Kato, D., 1973, Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 3
- Katsuyama, T., T. Suganuma, K. Ishida, and G. Toda, 1977, Opt. Commun. 21, 182
- Kawakami, S., 1976, Appl. Opt. 15, 2778
- Kawakami, S., and S. Nishida, 1974, Electron. Lett. 10, 38
- Kawakami, S., and S. Nishida, 1975, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 130
- Kawakami, S., S. Nishida, and M. Sumi, 1976, Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng. 123, 586
- Kawakami, S., and T. Nishizawa, 1968, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-16, 814
- Keck, D. B., 1974, Proc. IEEE 62, 649
- Keck, D. B., and R. Bouille, 1978, Opt. Commun. 25, 43
- Keck, D. B., R. D. Maurer, and P. C. Schultz, 1973, Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 307
- Keck, D. B., and P. C. Schultz, 1973, U. S. Pat. 3, 711, 262
- Keck, D. B., P. C. Schultz, and F. Zimar, 1972, Appl. Phys. Lett. 21, 215
- Keck, D. B., P. C. Schultz, and F. Zimar, 1973, U. S. Pat. 3, 737, 292
- Khular, E., A. Kumar, A. K. Ghatak, 1977, Opt. Commun. 23, 263
- Kobayashi, S., S. Shibata, N. Shibata, and T. Izawa, 1977, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communications, Tokyo (Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, Tokyo), p. 309
- Koenigs, J., D. Küppers, H. Lydtin, and H. Wilson, 1975, in Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Chemical Vapor Deposition, (Electrochemical Society, New York), p. 270
- Koizumi, K., Y. Ikeda, I. Kitano, M. Furukawa, and T. Sumimoto, 1974, Appl. Opt. 13, 255
- Kuhn, M. H., 1975a, Archiv Elektron. Ubertrangungstechnik. 29, 201
- Kuhn, M. H., 1975b, Archiv Elektron. Ubertrangungstechnik. 29, 353
- Kuhn, M. H., 1975c, Archiv Elektron. Ubertrangungstechnik. 29, 400
- Kuster, E. F., and D. C. Chang, 1975, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 903
- Laberge, N. L., P. K. Gupta, and P. B. Macedo, 1975, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 17, 61
- Laberge, N. L., V. V. Vasilescu, C. J. Montrose, and P. B. Macedo, 1973, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 56, 506
- Ladany, I., M. Ettenberg, H. F. Lockwood, and H. Kressel, 1977, Appl. Phys. Lett. 30, 87
- Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifshitz, 1958, Statistical Physics (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.)
- Langer, R. E., 1949, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 67, 461
- Lewin, L., 1974, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-22, 718
- Lin, C., L. G. Cohen, W. G. French, and V. A. Foertmayer, 1978, Electron. Lett. 14, 170
- Love, J. D., and C. Pask, 1976, Electron. Lett. 12, 254
- Luther-Davies, B., D. N. Payne, and W. A. Gambling, 1975, Opt. Commun. 13, 84
- MacChesney, J. B., P. B. O'Connor, and H. M. Presby, 1974, Proc. IEEE 62, 1280
- Maeda, M., and S. Yamada, 1977, Appl. Opt. 16, 2199
- Malitson, I. H., 1965, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1205
- Marcatili, E. A. J., 1969, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 48, 2103
- Marcatili, E. A. J., 1977, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 56, 49
- Marcatili, E. A. J., and S. E. Miller, 1969, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 48, 2161
- Marcuse, D., 1969a, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 48, 3187
- Marcuse, D., 1969b, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 48, 3233
- Marcuse, D., 1971a, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 50, 1791
- Marcuse, D., 1971b, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 50, 2551
- Marcuse, D., 1972a, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 51, 229
- Marcuse, D., 1972b, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 51, 1199
- Marcuse, D., 1972c, Light Transmission Optics (Van Nonstrand, New York)
- Marcuse, D., 1973a, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 52, 63
- Marcuse, D., 1973b, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 52, 817
- Marcuse, D., 1973c, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 52, 1423
- Marcuse, D., 1974a, Theory of Dielectric Optical Waveguides (Academic, New York)
- Marcuse, D., 1974b, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 53, 1795
- Marcuse, D., 1976a, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 55, 937
- Marcuse, D., 1976b, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 216
- Marcuse, D., 1976c, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 311
- Marcuse, D., 1977, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 56, 703
- Marcuse, D., 1978, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 103
- Maurer, R. D., 1973, Proc. IEEE 61, 452
- Maurer, R. D., 1976, Proc. Inst. Electr. Eng. 123, 581
- Maurer, R. D., and P. C. Schultz, 1972, U. S. Pat. 3, 659, 915
- Maurer, R. D., and P. C. Schultz, 1975, U. S. Pat. 3, 884, 550
- Maurer, S. J., and L. B. Felsen, 1970, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-18, 584
- McKelvey, R. W., 1959, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 91, 410
- Miller, S. E., 1965, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 44, 2017
- Miller, S. E., E. A. J. Marcatili, and T. Li, 1973, Proc. IEEE 61, 1703
- Miller, S. E., and S. D. Personick, 1972, U. S. Pat. 3, 687, 514
- Misugi, T., and H. Takanashi, 1977, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Communication, Tokyo (Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, Tokyo), p. 53
- Mita, H., S. Matsushita, T. Yanase, and H. Nomura, 1977, Electron. Lett. 13, 55
- Miyagi, M., and G. L. Yip, 1977, Opt. Quant. Electron. 9, 51
- Nakamura, M., K. Aiki, J. Umeda, N. Chinone, R. Ito, and H. Nakashima, 1977, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication, Tokyo (Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, Tokyo), p. 83
- Newns, G. R., K. J. Beales, and C. R. Day, 1977, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication, Osaka (Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, Tokyo), p. 609
- O'Connor, P. B., J. B. MacChesney, and F. V. DiMarcello, 1976, in Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Optical Fibre Communication, Paris (Comité du Colloque International sur le Transmission par Fibres Optiques, Paris), p. 55
- O'Connor, P. B., J. B. MacChesney, and C. M. Melliar-Smith, 1977, Electron. Lett. 13, 170
- Okamoto, K., and T. Okoshi, 1976, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-24, 416
- Okamoto, K., and T. Okoshi, 1977, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-25, 213
- Olshansky, R., 1975a, Appl. Opt. 14, 20
- Olshansky, R., 1975b, Appl. Opt. 14, 935
- Olshansky, R., 1976a, Appl. Opt. 15, 782
- Olshansky, R., 1976b, Appl. Opt. 15, 2773
- Olshansky, R., 1976c, in Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Optical Fibre Communication, Paris (Comité du Colloque International sur le Transmission par Fibres Optiques, Paris), p. 101
- Olshansky, R., 1977a, Appl. Opt. 16, 2171
- Olshansky, R., 1977b, (unpublished)
- Olshansky, R., 1978, Electron. Lett. 14, 330
- Olshansky, R., and D. B. Keck, 1976, Appl. Opt. 15, 483
- Olshansky, R., and D. A. Nolan, 1976, Appl. Opt. 15, 1045
- Olshansky, R., and D. A. Nolan, 1977, Appl. Opt. 16, 1639
- Olshansky, R., S. M. Oaks, and D. B. Keck, 1977, in Proceedings of the Topical Meeting on Optical Fiber Transmission II, Williamsburg, Va., TuE5 (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C.)
- Onoda, S., T. Tanaka, and M. Sumi, 1976, Appl. Opt. 15, 1931
- Osanai, H., T. Shioda, T. Moriyama, S. Araki, M. Horiguchi, T. Izawa, and H. Takata, 1976, Electron. Lett. 12, 549
- Pask, C., A. W. Snyder, and D. J. Mitchell, 1975, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 356
- Payne, D. N., and W. A. Gambling, 1974, Electron. Lett. 10, 289
- Payne, D. N., and A. H. Hartog, 1977, Electron. Lett. 13, 627
- Payne, D. N., F. M. E. Sladen, and A. H. Hartog, 1978, Electron. Lett. 14, 64
- Pearsall, T. P., 1978, in Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Optical Communication, Genoa (Instituto Internazionale delle Communicazioni, Genoa), p. 332
- Personick, S. D., 1971, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 50, 843
- Personick, S. D., 1973, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 52, 843
- Petermann, K., 1975, Archiv Elektron. Ubertragungstechnik. 29, 345
- Petermann, K., 1976a, Electron. Lett. 12, 107
- Petermann, K., 1976b, Archiv Elektron. Ubertragungstechnik. 30, 337
- Petermann, K., 1977a, Archiv Elektron. Ubertragungstechnik. 31, 201
- Petermann, K., 1977b, Electron. Lett. 13, 513
- Petermann, K., and H. Storm, 1976, Electron. Lett. 12, 537
- Pinnow, D. A., T. C. Rich, F. W. Ostermayer, Jr., and M. DiDomenico, Jr., 1973, Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 527
- Pinnow, D. A., L. G. Van Uitert, T. C. Rich, F. W. Ostermayer, and W. H. Grokiewicz, 1975, in Proceedings of the Topical Meeting on Optical Fiber Transmission, Williamsburg, Va., TuA3 (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C.)
- Presby, H. M., and I. P. Kaminow, 1976, Appl. Opt. 15, 3029
- Roberts, R., 1975, Electron Lett. 11, 529
- Rowe, H. E., and D. T. Young, 1972, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-20, 349
- Runk, R. B., 1977, in Proceedings of the Topical Conference on Optical Fiber Transmission II, Williamsburg, Va., TuB5 (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C.)
- Sammut, R. A., 1977, Electron. Lett. 13, 418
- Schroeder, J., R. Mohr, P. B. Macedo, and C. J. Montrose, 1973, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 56, 510
- Schultz, P. C., 1973, American Ceramic Society meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Schultz, P. C., 1974, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 57, 360
- Schultz, P. C., 1977, in Proceedings of the XIth International Congress on Glass, Prague, published in J. Non-Cryst. Solids 25, 26
- Schultz, P. C., 1979, in Proceedings of the Conference on Physics of Fiber Optics, edited by S. S. Mitra and B. Bendow (Plenum, New York)
- Shen, C. C., J. J. Hsieh, and T. A. Lind, 1977, Appl. Phys. Lett. 30, 353
- Shevchenko, V. V., 1973, Radiophys. Quant. Electron. 14, 607
- Sladen, F. M. E., D. N. Payne, and M. J. Adams, 1975, Appl. Phys. Lett. 28, 255
- Sladen, F. M. E., D. N. Payne, and M. J. Adams, 1977, Electron. Lett. 13, 212
- Sladen, F. M. E., D. N. Payne, and M. J. Adams, 1978, in Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Optical Communication, Genoa (Instituto Internazionale delle Communicazioni, Genoa), p. 48
- Snitzer, E., 1961, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 51, 491
- Snyder, A. W., 1969, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-17, 1130
- Snyder, A. W., 1970, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-18, 323
- Snyder, A. W., 1971, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-19, 402
- Snyder, A. W., and J. D. Love, 1976a, Electron. Lett. 12, 255
- Snyder, A. W., and J. D. Love, 1976b, Electron. Lett. 12, 325
- Snyder, A. W., and D. J. Mitchell, 1974, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 599
- Snyder, A. W., D. J. Mitchell, and C. Pask, 1974, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64, 608
- Snyder, A. W., I. White, and D. J. Mitchell, 1975, Electron. Lett. 11, 332
- Sommer, R. G., R. D. DeLuca, and G. E. Burke, 1976, Electron. Lett. 12, 408
- Spitzer, W. G., and D. A. Kleinman, 1961, Phys. Rev. 121, 1324
- Stacey, K. A., 1956, Light Scattering in Physical Chemistry (Academic, New York), p. 8
- Stewart, W. J., 1975a, in Proceedings of the Topical Meeting on Optical Fiber Transmission, Williamsburg, Va. (Optical Society of America, Washington, D. C.)
- Stewart, W. J., 1975b, Electron. Lett. 11, 321
- Streifer, W., and C. N. Kurtz, 1967, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 779
- Tanaka, T., S. Onada, and M. Sumi, 1976, Appl. Opt. 15, 1121
- Tasker, G. W., W. G. French, J. R. Simpson, P. Kaiser, and H. M. Presby, 1978, Appl. Opt. 17, 1836
- Tauc, J., 1975, in Optical Properties of Highly Transparent Solids, edited by S. S. Mitra and B. Bendow (Plenum, New York)
- Tenney, A. S., and J. Wong, 1972, J. Chem. Phys. 56, 5516
- Timmermann, C. C., 1977, Appl. Opt. 16, 1793
- Tusuchiya, J., and I. Hayakayama, 1977, in Proceedings of the Topical Meeting on Optical Fiber Transmission II, Williamsburg, Va., PD1-1 (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C.)
- Tynes, A. R., and R. M. Derosier, 1977, Electron. Lett. 13, 673
- Uchida, N., N. Susa, and S. Seikai, 1978, Electron. Lett. 14, 80
- Uchida, T., M. Furukawa, I. Kitano, K. Koizumi, and H. Matsumura, 1970, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE-6, 606
- Unger, H.-G., 1977, Planar Optical Waveguides and Fibres (Clarendon, Oxford)
- Urbach, F., 1953, Phys. Rev. 92, 1324
- Wemple, S. H., D. A. Pinnow, T. C. Rich, R. E. Jaeger, and L. G. Van Uitert, 1973, J. Appl. Phys. 44, 5432
- Wong, J., 1976, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 20, 83
- Yamauchi, R., T. Kobayashi, T. Arai, and K. Inada, 1977, Electron. Lett. 13, 461
- Yoshida, K., Y. Furui, S. Sentsui, and T. Kuroha, 1977, Electron. Lett. 13, 608
- Yoshida, K., S. Sentsui, H. Shii, and T. Kuroha, 1977, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication, Tokyo (Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, Tokyo), p. 327
- Zemon, S., and D. Fellows, 1976, Appl. Opt. 15, 1937