- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Anisotropy of electron radiation damage in metal crystals

Peter Vajda

Peter Vajda

  • Equipe de Recherches du CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Universite de Paris—Sud, F—91405 Orsay, France

PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 49, 481 – Published 1 July, 1977

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.49.481

Abstract

The principles of interaction of energetic electrons with atoms are reviewed with emphasis on effects due to the crystalline structure of the target. Computer "experiments" and analytic models that simulate the collision processes in a crystalline lattice are described and analyzed. The experimental part discusses, first, the techniques used for the investigation of point defects in single crystals. Then, the available experimental results on defect production and recovery in metal crystals are reviewed in detail, and basic information, such as threshold energies for displacement in the main crystallographic directions and electrical resistivities of Frenkel pairs, is extracted. Finally, it is shown how interatomic potentials can be deduced from the experimental results.

View figure in article

References (135)

  1. Abrahamson, A. A., 1969, Phys. Rev. 178, 76
  2. Agranovitch, V. M., and V. V. Kirsanov, 1970, Fiz. Tverd. Tela 12, 2671 [Sov. Phys.—Solid State 12, 2147 (1971)]
  3. Agranovitch, V. M., and V. V. Kirsanov, 1976, Uspeki-Fiz. Nauk. 118, 3 [Sov. Phys. Uspeki 19 (1977)]
  4. Akita, H., and N. F. Fiore, 1973, J. Appl. Phys. 44, 20
  5. Andersen, H. H., and P. Sigmund, 1965, Risø-Report No. 103 (Danish AEC)
  6. Balarin, M., 1962, Phys. Status Solidi 2, 60
  7. Baranov, A. I., V. I. Panov, L. S. Smirnov, and S. A. Sokolov, 1972, Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 6, 2276 [Sov. Phys.—Semicond. 6, 1920 (1973)]
  8. Bauer, W., A. I. Anderman, and A. Sosin, 1969, Phys. Rev. 185, 870
  9. Bauer, W., and A. Sosin, 1964, J. Appl. Phys. 35, 703
  10. Bauer, W., and A. Sosin, 1966, J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1780
  11. Benedek, R., 1973, Rep. No. 2029, Materials Science Center, Cornell Univ. private communication
  12. Benedek, R., 1975, paper presented at the International Conference on the Fundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, Gatlinburg, Tenn., USERDA Conf.-751006-Pl, p. 207
  13. Bethe, H., and W. Heitler, 1934, Proc. R. Soc. A 146, 83
  14. Biget, M., F. Maury, P. Vajda, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1971, Radiat. Eff. 7, 223
  15. Biget, M., F. Maury, P. Vajda, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1977a, Phys. Rev. unpublished
  16. Biget, M., F. Maury, P. Vajda, A. Lucasson, P. Lucasson, 1977b, unpublished
  17. Biget, M., R. Rizk, P. Vajda, and A. Bessis, 1975, Solid State Commun. 16, 949
  18. Biget, M., P. Vajda, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1974, Radiat. Eff. 21, 229
  19. Biget, M., P. Vajda, F. Maury, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1975, paper presented at the International Conference on the Fundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, Gatlinburg, Tenn., USERDA Conf.-751006-Pl, p. 66
  20. Birtcher, R. C., and J. S. Koehler, 1976, Phys. Rev. B 13, 2314
  21. Bourret, A., 1971, Phys. Status Solidi A 4, 813
  22. Bullough, R., and R. C. Perrin, 1969, Radiation Damage in Reactor Mat. (IAEA, Vienna), Vol. II
  23. Chadderton, L. T., 1965, Radiation Damage in Crystals (Methuen, London)
  24. Chadderton, L. T., and I. McC. Torrens, 1965, Nature 208, 880
  25. Chaplin, R. L., 1974, Radiat. Eff. 22, 117
  26. Coltman, R. R., C. E. Klabunde, J. K. Redman, and A. L. Southern, 1971, Radiat. Eff. 7, 235
  27. Copé, R., 1969, CEA-R-3854, Saclay (France)
  28. Corbett, J. W., 1966, Electron Radiation Damage in Semiconductors and Metals (Academic, New York)
  29. Cusson, Y., P. Lucasson, and R. M. Walker, 1961, in Proceedings of the International Conference on the Properties of Reactor Materials, edited by D. J. Littler (Butterworths, London), p. 92
  30. Daou, J. N., J. E. Bonnet, P. Vajda, M. Biget, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1977, Phys. Status Solidi A 40, 101
  31. Dausinger, F., 1975, Ph.D. thesis, University of Stuttgart (Germany)
  32. Dausinger, F., and H. Schultz, 1975, paper presented at the International Conference on the Fundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, Gatlinburg, Tenn., USERDA Conf.-751006-Pl, p. 438
  33. Dausinger, F., and H. Schultz, 1975, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1773
  34. Dautreppe, D., 1969, "Radiation Effects in Magnetic Materials" in Studies in Radiation Effects in Solids, Vol. 3, edited by G. J. Dienes (Gordon and Breach, New York), p. 1
  35. Dearnaley, G., J. H. Freeman, R. S. Nelson, and J. Stephen, 1973, Ion Implantation (North-Holland, Amsterdam)
  36. Dworschak, F., H. Schuster, H. Wollenberger, and J. Wurm, 1967, Phys. Status Solidi 21, 741
  37. Dworschak, F., W. Sassin, J. Wick, and J. Wurm, 1969, Jül.-575-FN, KFA-Jülich (Germany)
  38. Ehrhart, P., 1975, paper presented at the International Conference on the Fundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, Gatlinburg, Tenn., USERDA Conf.-751006-Pl, p. 302
  39. Ehrhart, P., H. G. Haubold, and W. Schilling, 1974, Festkoerperprobleme (Adv. Solid State Phys.) XIV, 87
  40. Ehrhart, P., and W. Schilling, 1973, Phys. Rev. B 8, 2604
  41. Ehrhart, P., and U. Schlagheck, 1974, J. Phys. F. 4, 1575
  42. Ehrhart, P., and E. Segura, 1975, paper presented at the International Conference on the Fundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, Gatlinburg, Tenn., USERDA Conf.-751006-Pl, p. 295
  43. Erginsoy, C., G. H. Vineyard, and A. Englert, 1964, Phys. Rev. 133, A595
  44. Forsch, K., 1970, Phys. Status Solidi 42, 329
  45. Forsch, K., J. Hemmerich, H. Knöll, and G. Lucki, 1974, Phys. Status Solidi A 23, 223
  46. Gettys, W. E., 1966, Phys. Rev. 146, 480
  47. Gibson, J. B., A. N. Goland, M. Milgram, and G. H. Vineyard, 1960, Phys. Rev. 120, 1229
  48. Girifalco, L. G., and W. G. Weizer, 1959, Phys. Rev. 114, 687
  49. Granato, A., and K. Lücke, 1956, J. Appl. Phys. 27, 583
  50. Guinan, M. W., C. L. Snead, and A. N. Goland, 1973, Radiat. Eff. 20, 33
  51. Gwozdz, P. S., and J. S. Koehler, 1973, Phys. Rev. B 8, 3616
  52. Hancock, J. S. N., 1974, Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading (England)
  53. Hancock, J. S. N., and J. N. Lomer, 1975, private communication
  54. Hebbard, D. F., and P. R. Wilson, 1955, Aust. J. Phys. 8, 90
  55. Howe, L. M., 1970, Phil. Mag. 22, 965
  56. Jan, R. v., and A. Seeger, 1963, Phys. Status Solidi 3, 465
  57. Jimenez, C. M., L. F. Lowe, E. A. Burke, and C. H. Sherman, 1967, Phys. Rev. 153, 735
  58. Johnson, R. A., 1964, Phys. Rev. 134, 1329A
  59. Jung, P., R. L. Chaplin, H. J. Fenzl, K. Reichelt, and P. Wombacher, 1973, Phys. Rev. B 8, 553
  60. Jung, P., 1971, Kernforschungsalage Jülich Report Jül.-729-FF
  61. Jung, P., and G. Lucki, 1975, Radiat. Eff. 26, 99
  62. Jung, P., and W. Schilling, 1972, Phys. Rev. B 5, 2046
  63. Jung, P., and T. Schober, 1975, paper presented at the International Conference on the Fundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, Gatlinburg, Tenn., USERDA Conf.-751006-Pl, p. 418
  64. Kamada, K., Y. Kazumata, and S. Suda, 1964, Phys. Status Solidi 7, 231
  65. Kenik, E. A., and T. E. Mitchell, 1975, Phil. Mag. 32, 815
  66. Kenny, P. N., and P. T. Heald, 1974, Phil. Mag. 29, 1137
  67. Kinchin, G. H., and R. S. Pease, 1955, Rep. Prog. Phys. 18, 1
  68. Landau, L., 1944, J. Phys. USSR 8, 201
  69. Lehmann, C., and G. Leibfried, 1961, Z. Phys. 162, 203
  70. Leibfried, G., 1959, J. Appl. Phys. 30, 1388
  71. Lomer, J. N., and M. Pepper, 1967, Phil. Mag. 16, 1119
  72. Longshore, R. E., and R. L. Chaplin, 1969, J. Appl. Phys. 40, 351
  73. Lucasson, A., P. Lucasson, and R. M. Walker, 1961, in Proceedings of the International Conference on the Properties of Reactor Materials, edited by D. J. Littler (Butterworths, London), p. 83
  74. Lucasson, P., 1975, paper presented at the International Conference on the Fundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, Gatlinburg, Tenn., USERDA Conf.-751006-Pl, p. 42
  75. Lucasson, P., and A. Lucasson, 1963, J. Phys. (Paris) 24, 503
  76. Lucasson, P. G., and R. M. Walker, 1962, Phys. Rev. 127, 1130
  77. Makin, M. J., 1970, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Atomic Collision Phenomena in Solids, Sussex, edited by D. W. Palmer (North Holland, Amsterdam), p. 205
  78. Maury, F., M. Biget, P. Vajda, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1976, Phys. Rev. B 14, 5303
  79. Maury, F., A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1969, Radiat. Eff. 1, 241
  80. Maury, F., A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1971, Cryst. Lattice Defects 2, 47
  81. Maury, F., A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1974, Radiat. Eff. 21, 65
  82. Maury, F., and P. Lucasson, 1976, Phys. Status Solidi A 34, 513
  83. Maury, F., G. Roux, P. Vajda, C. Minier, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1970, Cryst. Lattice Defects 1, 361
  84. Maury, F., P. Vajda, M. Biget, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1975, Radiat. Eff. 25, 175
  85. Maury, F., P. Vajda, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1973a, Phys. Rev. B 8, 5496
  86. Maury, F., P. Vajda, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1973b, Phys. Rev. B 8, 5506
  87. Maury, F., P. Vajda, A. Lucasson, P. Lucasson, G. Roux, and C. Minier, 1970, Phil. Mag. 22, 1265
  88. McIlwain, J., R. Gardiner, A. Sosin, and S. Myhra, 1975, Radiat. Eff. 24, 19
  89. McKinley, W. A., and H. Feshbach, 1948, Phys. Rev. 74, 1759
  90. Miller, M. G., and R. L. Chaplin, 1974, Radiat. Eff. 22, 107
  91. Mitchell, T. E., G. Das, and E. A. Kenik, 1975, paper presented at the International Conference on the Fundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, Gatlinburg, Tenn., USERDA Conf.-751006-Pl, p. 73
  92. Moser, P., J. Verdone, W. Chambron, V. Hivert, and R. Pichon, 1973, paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on Int. Friction and Ultrasonic Attenuation in Crystal Solids, Aachen (Germany)
  93. Mott, N. F., 1929, Proc. R. Soc. A 124, 426
  94. Mott, N. F., 1932, Proc. R. Soc. A 135, 429
  95. Mott, N. F., and H. S. W. Massey, 1949, in The Theory of Atomic Collisions (Clarendon, Oxford), p. 195
  96. Myhra, S., and R. B. Gardiner, 1975, Radiat. Eff. 27, 35
  97. Neely, H. H., and W. Bauer, 1966, Phys. Rev. 149, 535
  98. Nelson, R. S., 1968, The Observation of Atomic Collisions in Crystalline Solids (North-Holland, Amsterdam)
  99. Oen, O. S., 1973, ORNL-Rep. 4897
  100. Okuda, S., 1975, paper presented at the International Conference on the Fundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, Gatlinburg, Tenn., USERDA Conf.-751006-Pl, p. 361
  101. Okuda, S., and H. Mizubayashi, 1973, Cryst. Lattice Defects 4, 75
  102. Okuda, S., and H. Mizubayashi, 1975a, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 815
  103. Okuda, S., and H. Mizubayashi, 1975b, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1043
  104. O'Neal, T. N., and R. L. Chaplin, 1972, Phys. Rev. B 5, 3810
  105. Peretto, P., 1967, Ph.D. thesis, University of Grenoble (France)
  106. Pruitt, A. B., and R. L. Chaplin, 1971, Radiat. Eff. 11, 119
  107. Pugatscheva, T. S., 1967, Fiz. Tverd. Tela 9, 102 [Sov. Phys.—Solid State 9, 75 (1967)]
  108. Pugatscheva, T. S., and I. Safarbaev, 1967, Fiz. Tverd. Tela 9, 659 [Sov. Phys.—Solid State 9, 508 (1967)]
  109. Rehn, L. E., K. H. Robrock, and V. Spirič, 1975, paper presented at the International Conference on the Fundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, Gatlinburg, Tenn., USERDA Conf.-751006-Pl, p. 234
  110. Rizk, R., P. Vajda, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1973, Phys. Status Solidi A 18, 241
  111. Rizk, R., P. Vajda, F. Maury, A. Lucasson, and P. Lucasson, 1977, J. Appl. Phys. 48, 481
  112. Sanders, J. B., and J. M. Fluit, 1964, Physica 30, 129
  113. Schaeffer, K. E., and W. Dander, 1976, Phys. Status Solidi B 78, 139
  114. Seidman, D. N., K. L. Wilson, and C. H. Nielsen, 1975, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 1041
  115. Shirley, C. G., and R. L. Chaplin, 1972, Phys. Rev. B 6, 2027
  116. Silsbee, R. H., 1957, J. Appl. Phys. 28, 1246
  117. Sosin, A., 1962, Phys. Rev. 126, 1698
  118. Sosin, A., and W. Bauer, 1969, "Atomic Displacement Mechanisms in Metals and Semiconductors" in Studies in Radiation Effects in Solids, edited by G. J. Dienes (Gordon and Breach, New York), Vol. 3, p. 153
  119. Sosin, A., and K. Garr, 1965, Phys. Status Solidi 8, 481
  120. Spirič, V., K. H. Robrock, and L. E. Rehn, 1975, paper presented at the International Conference on the Fundamental Aspects of Radiation Damage in Metals, Gatlinburg, Tenn., USERDA Conf.-751006-Pl, p. 240
  121. Thompson, M. W., 1969, Defects and Radiation Damage in Metals (Cambridge University, London)
  122. Urban, K., 1972, J. of Microscopy 97, 121
  123. Urban, K., and W. Jäger, 1975, Phys. Status Solidi B 68, K1
  124. Urban, K., and A. Seeger, 1974, Phil. Mag. 30, 1395
  125. Vajda, P., 1974, Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 8, 632 [Sov. Phys.—Semicond. 8, 408 (1974)]
  126. Vajda, P., and M. Biget, 1974, Phys. Status Solidi A 23, 251
  127. Vajda, P., M. Biget, A. Lucasson, P. Lucasson, 1977, J. Phys. F 7, L123
  128. Varshni, Y. P., and F. J. Bloore, 1963, Phys. Rev. 129, 115
  129. Vandenborre, H., L. Stals, J. Cornelis, and J. Nihoul, 1974, Radiat. Eff. 21, 137
  130. Vook, F. L., H. K. Birnbaum, T. H. Blewitt, W. L. Brown, J. W. Corbett, J. H. Crawford, Jr., A. N. Goland, G. L. Kulcinski, M. T. Robinson, D. N. Seidman, and F. W. Young, Jr., 1975, "Report to the American Physical Society by the study group on physics problems relating to energy technologies: Radiation effects on materials," Rev. Mod. Phys. 47, Suppl. No. 3
  131. Wenzl, H., 1970, in Vacancies and Interstitials in Metals, edited by A. Seeger (North-Holland, Amsterdam), p. 353
  132. Wilson, W. D., L. G. Haggmark and J. P. Biersack, 1977, Phys. Rev. B 15, 2548
  133. Wollenberger, H., and J. Wurm, 1965, Phys. Status Solidi 9, 601
  134. Yang, C. N., 1951, Phys. Rev. 84, 599
  135. Youngblood, G., S. Myhra, and J. W. deFord, 1969, Phys. Rev. 188, 1101

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 49, 481– Published 1 July, 1977

    © 1977 American Physical Society

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation