- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Nuclear fission

Hans J. Specht

Hans J. Specht

  • Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 46, 773 – Published 1 October, 1974

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.46.773

Abstract

The experimental evidence supporting the double-humped character of the fission barrier in actinide nuclei is reviewed and compared to theoretical predictions. The discussion covers the existence and half-life systematics of spontaneously fissioning isomers, shape-isomeric gamma decay, rotational transitions and the moment of inertia of isomers, fragment angular distributions in isomeric fission, intermediate structure in fission cross sections, and finally the systematics of barrier heights as deduced from fission probability measurements. The implications of a possible octupole deformation at the second barrier for fragment mass distributions are also discussed, including the size of the mass asymmetry and recent experiments on the competition between symmetric and asymmetric fission as a function of excitation energy.

View figure in article

References (89)

  1. Back, B. B., J. P. Bondorf, G. A. Ostroschenko, J. Pedersen, and B. Rasmussen, 1971, Nucl. Phys. A 165, 449
  2. Back, B. B., H. C. Britt, J. D. Garrett, O. Hansen, and B. Leroux, 1973a, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/201)
  3. Back, B. B., O. Hansen, H. C. Britt, and J. D. Garrett, 1973b, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/27)
  4. Balagna, J. P., G. P. Ford, D. C. Hoffmann, and J. D. Knight, 1971, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 145
  5. Bjørnholm, S., 1972, EPS Conf. Nucl. Phys., Aix-en-Provence [J. Phys. (Paris), Series des Colloques 33, C5-33]
  6. Bjørnholm, S., and V. M. Strutinski, 1969, Nucl. Phys. A 136, 1
  7. Bolsterli, M., E. O. Fiset, J. R. Nix, and J. L. Norton, 1972, Phys. Rev. C 5, 1050
  8. Bondorf, J. P., 1970, Phys. Lett. B 31, 1
  9. Brack, M., J. Damgaard, H. C. Pauli, A. S. Jensen, V. M. Strutinski, and C. Y. Wong, 1972, Rev. Mod. Phys. 44, 320
  10. Brack, M., and P. Quentin, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/98)
  11. Britt, H. C., 1973, Atomic and Nuclear Data Tables 12, 407
  12. Britt, H. C., M. Bolsterli, J. R. Nix, and J. L. Norton, 1973, Phys. Rev. C 7, 801
  13. Britt, H. C., H. E. Wegner, and J. C. Gursky, 1963, Phys. Rev. 129, 2239
  14. Britt, H. C., and S. L. Whetstone, 1964, Phys. Rev. B 133, 603
  15. Christensen, J., 1973, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen (private communication)
  16. Ferguson, R. L., F. Plasil, F. Pleasonton, S. C. Burnett, and H. W. Schmitt, 1973, Phys. Rev. C 7, 2510
  17. Flocard, H., P. Quentin, D. Vautherin, and A. K. Kerman, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/38)
  18. Fraser, J. S., and J. C. D. Milton, 1966, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 16, 379
  19. Galeriu, D., et al., 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/15)
  20. Gangrsky, J. P., N. C. Khanh, D. D. Pulatov, and P. Z. Hien, 1972, preprint (Dubna P7-6466)
  21. Gustafson, C., P. Möller, and S. G. Nilsson, 1971, Phys. Lett. B 34, 349
  22. Harris, S. M., 1965, Phys. Rev. B 138, 509
  23. Heffner, R., J. Pedersen, P. A. Russo, G. Sletten, and H. Swanson, 1973, Nucl. Phys. Lab. Ann. Rep. (University of Washington, Seattle, Washington), p. 123
  24. Heunemann, D., 1972, dissertation (Technische Universität München)
  25. Huizenga, J. R., and R. Vandenbosch, 1962, in Nuclear Reactions, edited by P. M. Endt and P. B. Smith (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1962), Vol. 2
  26. Hyde, E. K., 1964, The Nuclear Properties of the Heavy Elements (Prentice-Hall, New York, 1964), Vol. 3
  27. Inglis, D. R., 1958, Ann. Phys. 5, 106
  28. Jensen, A. S., and J. Damgaard, 1973, Nucl. Phys. A 203, 578
  29. Jensen, A. S., and J. Damgaard, 1973, Nucl. Phys. A 210, 282
  30. Jensen, A. S., and T. Dössing, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/28)
  31. Jensen, R. C., and A. W. Fairhall, 1958, Phys. Rev. 109, 942
  32. Jensen, R. C., and A. W. Fairhall, 1960, Phys. Rev. 118, 771
  33. Johansson, S. A. E., 1961, Nucl. Phys. 22, 529
  34. Johansson, T., S. G. Nilsson, and Z. Szymanski, 1970, Ann. Phys. (Paris) 5, 377
  35. John, W., E. K. Hulet, R. W. Lougheed, and J. J. Wesolowski, 1971, Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 45
  36. Johnson, A., and Z. Szymanski, 1973, Phys. Rep. 7, 181
  37. Keyworth, G. A., J. R. Lemley, C. E. Olsen, F. T. Seibel, J. W. T. Dabbs, and N. W. Hill, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/65)
  38. Konecny, E., and H. W. Schmitt, 1968, Phys. Rev. 172, 1213 ibid.1721226
  39. Konecny, E., H. J. Specht, and J. Weber, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/20)
  40. Konecny, E., H. J. Specht, and J. Weber, 1973, Phys. Lett. B 45, 329 (and unpublished data)
  41. Larsson, S. E., and G. Leander, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/6)
  42. Limkilde, P., and G. Sletten, 1973, Nucl. Phys. A 199, 504
  43. Mariscotti, M. A. I., G. Scharff-Goldhaber, and B. Buck, 1969, Phys. Rev. 178, 1864
  44. Maruhn, J., W. Greiner, P. Lichtner, and D. Drechsel, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/102)
  45. Maruhn, J., W. Greiner, P. Lichtner, and D. Drechsel, 1973, Phys. Lett. B 45, 175
  46. Metag, V., E. Liukkonen, O. Glomset, and A. Bergman, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/26)
  47. Migneco, E., and J. P. Theobald, 1968, Nucl. Phys. A 112, 603
  48. Möller, P., 1972, Nucl. Phys. A 192, 529
  49. Möller, P., and S. G. Nilsson, 1970, Phys. Lett. B 31, 283
  50. Möller, P., and J. R. Nix, 1973 (private communication)
  51. Möller, P., and J. R. Nix, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/202)
  52. Moretto, L. G., 1972, Nucl. Phys. A 180, 337
  53. Moretto, L. G., 1972, Nucl. Phys. A 182, 641
  54. Mosel, U., and H. W. Schmitt, 1971, Nucl. Phys. A 165, 13
  55. Mustafa, M. G., U. Mosel, and H. W. Schmitt, 1973, Phys. Rev. C 7, 1519
  56. Niday, J. B., 1961, Phys. Rev. 121, 1471
  57. Nix, J. R., 1972, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 22, 65
  58. Nix, J. R., and W. J. Swiatecki, 1965, Nucl. Phys. 71, 1
  59. Nix, J. R., and G. E. Walker, 1969, Nucl. Phys. A 132, 60
  60. Pashkevich, V. V., 1971, Nucl. Phys. A 169, 275
  61. Pauli, H. C., 1973, Phys. Rep. 7, 35
  62. Pauli, H. C., and T. Ledergerber, 1973, Nucl. Phys. A 207, 1
  63. Pauli, H. C., and T. Ledergerber, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/206)
  64. Pauli, H. C., T. Ledergerber, and M. Brack, 1971, Phys. Lett. B 34, 264
  65. Paya, D., H. Derrien, A. Fubini, A. Michaudon, and P. Ribon, 1967, Nuclear Data for Reactors (IAEA, Vienna, 1967) Vol. II, p. 128
  66. Paya, D., H. Derrien, A. Fubini, A. Michauden, and P. Ribon, 1968, Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 1373
  67. Perry, D. G., and A. W. Fairhall, 1971, Phys. Rev. C 7, 977
  68. Polikanov, S. M., V. A. Druin, V. A. Karnaukhov, V. L. Mikheev, A. A. Pleve, N. K. Skobelev, V. G. Subbotin, G. M. Ter-Akopjan, and V. A. Fomichev, 1962, Sov. Phys.—JETP 15, 1016
  69. Ragaini, R. C., E. K. Hulet, R. W. Lougheed, and J. Wild, 1973, Phys. Rev. C (to be published)
  70. Russo, P. A., J. Pedersen, and R. Vandenbosch, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/96)
  71. Russo, P. A., R. Vandenbosch, M. Mehta, J. R. Tesmer, and K. L. Wolf, 1971, Phys. Rev. C 3, 1595
  72. Schmitt, H. W., and M. G. Mustafa, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/73)
  73. Schütte, G., and L. Wilets, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/210)
  74. Sobiczewski, A., S. Bjørnholm, and K. Pomorski, 1973, Nucl. Phys. A 202, 274
  75. Specht, H. J., 1973, Proc. Minerva Symp. Phys. (Rehovot). Lecture Notes in Physics, 23, 105 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1973)
  76. Specht, H. J., E. Konecny, J. Weber, and C. Kozhuharov, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/19)
  77. Specht, H. J., J. Weber, E. Konecny, and D. Heunemann, 1972, Phys. Lett. B 41, 43
  78. Strutinski, V. M., 1966, Yad. Fiz. 3, 614
  79. Strutinski, V. M., 1966, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 3, 449
  80. Strutinski, V. M., 1967, Nucl. Phys. A 95, 420
  81. Strutinski, V. M., 1968, Nucl. Phys. A 122, 1
  82. Tsang, C. F., and J. B. Wilhelmy, 1972, Nucl. Phys. A 184, 417
  83. Unik, J. P., J. E. Gindler, L. E. Glendenin, K. F. Flynn, A. Gorski, and R. K. Sjoblom, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/209)
  84. Vandenbosch, R., 1973a, Phys. Lett. B 45, 207
  85. Vandenbosch, R., 1973b, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/203)
  86. Vandenbosch, R., P. A. Russo, G. Sletten, and M. Mehta, 1973, Phys. Rev. C 8, 1080
  87. Vautherin, D., 1973, Int. Conf. Nucl. Phys. (Munich), Vol. 2
  88. Wieczorek, R., R. W. Hasse, and G. Süssmann, 1973, IAEA Third Symp. Phys. and Chem. of Fission, Rochester (Paper SM-174/2)
  89. Wong, C. Y., 1970, Phys. Lett. B 32, 668

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 46, 773– Published 1 October, 1974

    © 1974 American Physical Society

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation