Quasi-Free Scattering and Nuclear Structure. II.

GERHARD JACOB; TH. A. J. MARIS

doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.45.6

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Quasi-Free Scattering and Nuclear Structure. II.

GERHARD JACOB^* and TH. A. J. MARIS^†

Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Pôrto Alegre, RS, Brasil

^*Senior Research Fellow, Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas.
^†Work supported by U.S. Army Research Office, Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento Econômico, Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas, Conselho de Pesquisas UFRGS, and Regional Program of Scientific and Technological Development of the OAS.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 45, 6 – Published 1 January, 1973

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.45.6

Abstract

This complement of an earlier paper [Rev. Mod. Phys. 38, 121 1966] reviews experimental and theoretical progress made since 1965 in the knowledge of quasi-free ( $p$ , $2 p$ ) and ( $e$ , $e^{'} p$ ) processes in nuclei. Some aspects of the reaction mechanism are considered and a new method to present the experimental data is suggested. The character of the final hole states is discussed. New experimental results are presented and the available information on "hole-spectroscopy" is summarized. Several open problems are pointed out.

References (98)

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M. Arditi, H. Doubre, M. Riou, D. Royer, and C. Ruhla, Nucl. Phys. A103, 319 (1967)
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V. V. Balashov, N. M. Kabachnik, and V. I. Markov, Nucl. Phys. A129, 369 (1969)
A. Bussiere, J. Mougey, Phan Xuan Ho, M. Priou, and J. Sick, Lettere Nuovo Cimento 2, 1149 (1971)
K. A. Brueckner, H. W. Meldner, and J. D. Perez, Phys. Rev. C 6, 773 (1972)
Richard L. Becker and M. R. Patterson, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 15, 1315 (1970)
S. Boffi, F. D. Pacati, and J. Sawicki, Nuovo Cimento 57B, 103 (1968)
Tore Berggren and Helge Tyrén, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 16, 153 (1966)
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Victoria E. Herscovitz, Nucl. Phys. A161, 321 (1971)
T. A. Hughes, S. Fallieros, and B. Goulard, Particles and Nuclei 2, 93 (1971)
Victoria E. Herscovitz, Gerhard Jacob, and Th. A. J. Maris, Nucl. Phys. A109, 478 (1968)
V. E. Herscovitz, G. Jacob, Th. A. J. Maris, and C. Schneider, Rev. Bras. Fis. 1, 43 (1971)
S. Hiramatsu, T. Kamae, H. Muramatsu, K. Nakamura, K. Nishiyama, Y. Shimizu, and S. Kabe, "Quasi free Electron Scattering on ${}^{12}C$ and ${}^{9}{Be}$ ," Preprint INS J-122 (1970)
S. Hiramatsu, T. Kamae, H. Muramatsu, K. Nakamura, N. Izutsu, and Y. Watase, "( $e$ , $e^{'} p$ ) Reaction on ${}^{6, 7}{Li}$ , ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{27}{Al}$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ and ${}^{51}V$ ; Quasi-free Electron Scattering on Light Nuclei," Preprint (1972)
Daphne F. Jackson, Adv. Phys. 17, 481 (1968)
B. K. Jain, Nucl. Phys. A116, 256 (1968)
Daphne F. Jackson, Adv. Nucl. Phys. 4, 1 (1971)
A. N. James, P. T. Andrews, P. Butler, N. Cohen, and B. G. Lowe, Nucl. Phys. A133, 89 (1969)
A. N. James, P. T. Andrews, P. Kirkby, and B. G. Lowe, Nucl. Phys. A138, 145 (1969)
B. K. Jain and Daphne F. Jackson, Nucl. Phys. A99, 113 (1967)
Gerhard Jacob and Th. A. J. Maris, Nucl. Phys. 20, 440 (1960)
Gerhard Jacob and Th. A. J. Maris, Nucl. Phys. 31, 139 and 152 (1962)
Gerhard Jacob and Th. A. J. Maris, Rev. Mod. Phys. 38, 121 (1966)
S. Kullander, F. Lemeilleur, P. U. Renderg, G. Landaud, J. Yonnet, B. Fagerström, A. Johansson, and G. Tibell, Nucl. Phys. A173, 357 (1971)
A. K. Kerman, H. McManus, and R. M. Thaler, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 8, 551 (1959)
H. S. Köhler, Nucl. Phys. 88, 529 (1966)
Daniel S. Koltun, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 182 (1972)
S. Kullander, P. U. Renberg, B. Fagerström, A. Johansson, G. Tibell, G. Landaud, F. Lemeilleur, and J. Yonnet, Phys. Letters 34B, 197 (1971)
Yoshiteru Kudo and Shota Suekane, Progr. Theoret. Phys. (Kyoto) 38, 520 (1967)
V. M. Kolybasov and N. Ya. Smorodinskaya, Nucl. Phys. A136, 165 (1969)
S. Kullander, Prog. SIN Summerschool, Leysin (ETH, Zürich, 1969)
R. H. Lemmer, Th. A. J. Maris and Y. C. Tang, Nucl. Phys. 12, 619 (1959)
G. Landaud, J. Yonnet, S. Kullander, F. Lemeilleur, P. U. Renberg, B. Fagerström, A. Johansson, and G. Tibell, Nucl. Phys. A173, 337 (1971)
Th. A. J. Maris, Nucl. Phys. 9, 577 (1958/59)
Th. A. J. Maris, Peter Hillman, and H. Tyrén, Nucl. Phys. 7, 1 (1958)
H. W. Meldner and J. D. Perez, Phys. Rev. A 4, 1388 (1971)
J. H. E. Mattauch, W. Thiele, and A. H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys. 67, 1 (1965)
S. Pittel and N. Austern, Phys. Rev. Letters 29, 1403 (1972)
Lucy W. Person and Paul Benioff, Nucl. Phys. A187, 401 (1972)
C. F. Perdrisat, L. W. Swenson, P. C. Gugelot, E. T. Boschitz, W. K. Roberts, J. S. Vincent, and J. R. Priest, Phys. Rev. 187, 1201 (1969)
S. Radhakant, Nucl. Phys. A188, 353 (1972)
S. Radhakant, Phys. Lett. 40B, 70 (1972)
C. Ruhla, M. Arditi, H. Doubre, J. C. Jacmart, M. Liu, R. A. Ricci, M. Riou, and J. C. Roynette, Nucl. Phys. A95, 526 (1967)
J. C. Roynette, M. Arditi, J. C. Jacmart, F. Mazloum, M. Riou, and C. Ruhla, Nucl. Phys. A95, 545 (1967)
M. Riou and Ch. Ruhla, Progr. Nucl. Phys. 2, 195 (1969)
Edward F. Redish, G. J. Stephenson, Jr. and Gerald M. Lerner, Phys. Rev. C2, 1665 (1970)
W. D. Simpson, J. L. Friedes, H. Palevsky, R. J. Sutter, G. W. Bennett, B. Gottschalk, G. Igo, R. L. Stearns, N. S. Wall, D. M. Corley, and G. C. Phillips, Nucl. Phys. A140, 201 (1970)
R. Shanta and B. K. Jain, Nucl. Phys. 175, 417 (1971)
G. J. Stephenson Jr., Edward F. Redish, Gerald M. Lerner, and M. I. Haftel, "( $p$ , $2 p$ ) Reactions with Divers Potentials," Maryland Technical Report No. 73-002 (1972)
H. Tyrén, Peter Hillman, and Th. A. J. Maris, Nucl. Phys. 7, 10 (1958)
H. Tyrén, S. Kullander, O. Sundberg, R. Ramachandran, P. Isacsson, and T. Berggren, Nucl. Phys. 79, 321 (1966) private communication from H. Tyrén
H. Tyrén, Th. A. J. Maris, and P. Hillman, Nuovo Cimento 6, 1507 (1957)
Herbert Überall, Electron Scattering from Complex Nuclei B (Academic, New York, 1971)
Raoul D. Viollier and Kurt Alder, Helv. Phys. Acta 44, 77 (1971)
Kenneth M. Watson, Phys. Rev. 89, 575 (1953)
A. Watt, Phys. Lett. 27B, 190 (1968)
Gerhard J. Wagner, Habilitationsschrift, MPI H-V8 (1970), unpublished
Karl Wildermuth and Walter McClure, in Springer Tracts in Mod. Phys. (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1966), Vol. 41, p. 1
U. Wille, D. H. E. Gross, and R. Lipperheide, Phys. Rev. C 4, 1070 (1971)
Denys H. Wilkinson, Comm. Nucl. and Part. Phys. 2, 48 (1968)
Uwe Wille, Ph.D. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin (1971) unpublished
U. Wille and R. Lipperheide, Nucl. Phys. A189, 113 (1972)
T. Yuasa and E. Hourany, Nucl. Phys. A103, 577 (1967)

[c1] M. Arditi, L. Bimbot, H. Doubre, N. Frascaria, J. P. Garron, M. Riou, and D. Royer, Nucl. Phys. A165, 129 (1971)

[c2] E. Auriol, A. Bussiere, J. Dupont, M. Lefevre, G. Lemarchand, J. Millaud, J. Mougey, Phan Xuan Ho, M. Priou, D. Royer, and J. Sick, Proc. Europ. Conf. Nucl. Phys. 2, 123 (1972)

[c3] U. Amaldi Jr., G. Campos Venuti, G. Cortellessa, E. de Sanctis, S. Frullani, R. Lombard, and P. Salvadori, Phys. Letters 22, 593 (1966)

[c4] U. Amaldi Jr., Gloria Campos Venuti, Giorgio Cortellessa, Enzo de Sanctis, Salvatore Frullani, Roselyne Lombard, and Paolo Salvadori, Acc. Naz. Lincei 41, 494 (1966)

[c5] U. Amaldi Jr., G. Campos Venuti, G. Cortellessa, E. de Sanctis, S. Frullani, R. Lombard, and P. Salvadori, Phys. Letters 25B, 24 (1967)

[c6] M. Arditi, H. Doubre, M. Riou, D. Royer, and C. Ruhla, Nucl. Phys. A103, 319 (1967)

[c7] U. Amaldi Jr., in Proceedings of the 38th Course of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" (Academic, New York, 1967), p. 284

[c8] U. Amaldi Jr., "Elementary Processes at High Energies", in Proceedings of the International School of Physics (Erice, 1970, to be published.)

[c9] C. Ciofi degli Atti, Nucl. Phys. A106, 215 (1968)

[c10] C. Ciofi degli Atti, in Proc. "Adv. Inst. on Electron Scattering and Nuclear Structure", Cagliari (Gordon and Breach, New York, 1971)

[c11] C. J. Batty, Nucl. Phys. 23, 562 (1961)

[c12] S. Boffi, M. Bouten, C. Ciofi degli Atti, and J. Sawicki, Nucl. Phys. A120, 135 (1968)

[c13] D. Bachelier, M. Bernas, I. Brissaud, C. Détraz and P. Radvanyi, Nucl. Phys. A126, 60 (1969)

[c14] Tore Berggren, Nucl. Phys. 72, 337 (1965)

[c15] Tore Berggren, Proc. SIN Summerschool, Leysin (ETH, Zürich, 1969)

[c16] R. L. Becker, private communication (1972)

[c17] Tore Berggren and Gerhard Jacob, Nucl. Phys. 47, 481 (1963)

[c18] V. V. Balashov, N. M. Kabachnik, and V. I. Markov, Nucl. Phys. A129, 369 (1969)

[c19] A. Bussiere, J. Mougey, Phan Xuan Ho, M. Priou, and J. Sick, Lettere Nuovo Cimento 2, 1149 (1971)

[c20] K. A. Brueckner, H. W. Meldner, and J. D. Perez, Phys. Rev. C 6, 773 (1972)

[c21] Richard L. Becker and M. R. Patterson, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 15, 1315 (1970)

[c22] S. Boffi, F. D. Pacati, and J. Sawicki, Nuovo Cimento 57B, 103 (1968)

[c23] Tore Berggren and Helge Tyrén, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 16, 153 (1966)

[c24] G. Campos Venuti, G. P. Capitani, G. Cortellessa, E. de Sanctis, G. Farchi, S. Frullani, R. Giordano, P. Salvadori, and K. Takamatsu, "Distribuzioni Angolari dei Protoni nel Calcio con la Reazione ( $e$ , $e^{'} p$ )," Preprint ISS72/9 (1972)

[c25] G. Cortellessa, Suppl. Nuovo Cimento 3, 820 (1965)

[c26] Gloria Campos Venuti and Paolo Salvadori, Ann. Ist. Super. Sanità 2, 764 (1966)

[c27] I. E. McCarthy and A. W. Thomas, Nucl. Phys. A135, 463 (1969)

[c28] V. Devanathan, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 43, 74 (1967)

[c29] J. Dabrowski and A. Sobiczewski, Phys. Letters 5, 87 (1963)

[c30] C. D. Epp and T. A. Griffy, Phys. Rev. C1, 1633 (1970)

[c31] C. A. Engelbrecht and H. A. Weidenmüller, Nucl. Phys. A184, 385 (1972)

[c32] B. Favier, "Section Efficace Totale $p$ — ${}^{12}C$ Entre 190 et 560 MeV," Preprint CERN/MSC 71-4 (1971)

[c33] Taber de Forest Jr., Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 45, 365 (1967)

[c34] N. C. Francis and K. M. Watson, Phys. Rev. 92, 291 (1953)

[c35] Alexander L. Fetter and John Dirk Walecka, Quantum Theory of Many-Particle Systems (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1971)

[c36] Jean-Pierre Garron, Ann. Phys. (Paris) 7, 301 (1962)

[c37] A. M. Green and G. E. Brown, Nucl. Phys. 18, 1 (1960)

[c38] Christer Gustafsson and Tore Berggren, Phys. Letters 35B, 546 (1971)

[c39] J. P. Garron, J. C. Jacmart, M. Riou, C. Ruhla, J. Teillac, and K. Strauch, Nucl. Phys. 37, 126 (1962)

[c40] D. H. E. Gross and R. Lipperheide, Nucl. Phys. A150, 449 (1970)

[c41] M. L. Goldberger, Phys. Rev. 74, 1269 (1948)

[c42] B. Gottschalk, K. Strauch, and K. H. Wang, Compt. Rend. Congr. Intern. Phys. Nucl. Vol. 2 (C.N.R.S., Paris, 1964) p. 324 private communication from K. Strauch

[c43] B. Gottschalk, K. H. Wang, and K. Strauch, Nucl. Phys. A90, 83 (1967)

[c44] Victoria E. Herscovitz, Nucl. Phys. A161, 321 (1971)

[c45] T. A. Hughes, S. Fallieros, and B. Goulard, Particles and Nuclei 2, 93 (1971)

[c46] Victoria E. Herscovitz, Gerhard Jacob, and Th. A. J. Maris, Nucl. Phys. A109, 478 (1968)

[c47] V. E. Herscovitz, G. Jacob, Th. A. J. Maris, and C. Schneider, Rev. Bras. Fis. 1, 43 (1971)

[c48] S. Hiramatsu, T. Kamae, H. Muramatsu, K. Nakamura, K. Nishiyama, Y. Shimizu, and S. Kabe, "Quasi free Electron Scattering on ${}^{12}C$ and ${}^{9}{Be}$ ," Preprint INS J-122 (1970)

[c49] S. Hiramatsu, T. Kamae, H. Muramatsu, K. Nakamura, N. Izutsu, and Y. Watase, "( $e$ , $e^{'} p$ ) Reaction on ${}^{6, 7}{Li}$ , ${}^{9}{Be}$ , ${}^{12}C$ , ${}^{27}{Al}$ , ${}^{40}{Ca}$ and ${}^{51}V$ ; Quasi-free Electron Scattering on Light Nuclei," Preprint (1972)

[c50] Daphne F. Jackson, Adv. Phys. 17, 481 (1968)

[c51] B. K. Jain, Nucl. Phys. A116, 256 (1968)

[c52] Daphne F. Jackson, Adv. Nucl. Phys. 4, 1 (1971)

[c53] A. N. James, P. T. Andrews, P. Butler, N. Cohen, and B. G. Lowe, Nucl. Phys. A133, 89 (1969)

[c54] A. N. James, P. T. Andrews, P. Kirkby, and B. G. Lowe, Nucl. Phys. A138, 145 (1969)

[c55] B. K. Jain and Daphne F. Jackson, Nucl. Phys. A99, 113 (1967)

[c56] Gerhard Jacob and Th. A. J. Maris, Nucl. Phys. 20, 440 (1960)

[c57] Gerhard Jacob and Th. A. J. Maris, Nucl. Phys. 31, 139 and 152 (1962)

[c58] Gerhard Jacob and Th. A. J. Maris, Rev. Mod. Phys. 38, 121 (1966)

[c59] S. Kullander, F. Lemeilleur, P. U. Renderg, G. Landaud, J. Yonnet, B. Fagerström, A. Johansson, and G. Tibell, Nucl. Phys. A173, 357 (1971)

[c60] A. K. Kerman, H. McManus, and R. M. Thaler, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 8, 551 (1959)

[c61] H. S. Köhler, Nucl. Phys. 88, 529 (1966)

[c62] Daniel S. Koltun, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 182 (1972)

[c63] S. Kullander, P. U. Renberg, B. Fagerström, A. Johansson, G. Tibell, G. Landaud, F. Lemeilleur, and J. Yonnet, Phys. Letters 34B, 197 (1971)

[c64] Yoshiteru Kudo and Shota Suekane, Progr. Theoret. Phys. (Kyoto) 38, 520 (1967)

[c65] V. M. Kolybasov and N. Ya. Smorodinskaya, Nucl. Phys. A136, 165 (1969)

[c66] S. Kullander, Prog. SIN Summerschool, Leysin (ETH, Zürich, 1969)

[c67] R. H. Lemmer, Th. A. J. Maris and Y. C. Tang, Nucl. Phys. 12, 619 (1959)

[c68] G. Landaud, J. Yonnet, S. Kullander, F. Lemeilleur, P. U. Renberg, B. Fagerström, A. Johansson, and G. Tibell, Nucl. Phys. A173, 337 (1971)

[c69] Th. A. J. Maris, Nucl. Phys. 9, 577 (1958/59)

[c70] Th. A. J. Maris, Peter Hillman, and H. Tyrén, Nucl. Phys. 7, 1 (1958)

[c71] H. W. Meldner and J. D. Perez, Phys. Rev. A 4, 1388 (1971)

[c72] J. H. E. Mattauch, W. Thiele, and A. H. Wapstra, Nucl. Phys. 67, 1 (1965)

[c73] S. Pittel and N. Austern, Phys. Rev. Letters 29, 1403 (1972)

[c74] Lucy W. Person and Paul Benioff, Nucl. Phys. A187, 401 (1972)

[c75] C. F. Perdrisat, L. W. Swenson, P. C. Gugelot, E. T. Boschitz, W. K. Roberts, J. S. Vincent, and J. R. Priest, Phys. Rev. 187, 1201 (1969)

[c76] S. Radhakant, Nucl. Phys. A188, 353 (1972)

[c77] S. Radhakant, Phys. Lett. 40B, 70 (1972)

[c78] C. Ruhla, M. Arditi, H. Doubre, J. C. Jacmart, M. Liu, R. A. Ricci, M. Riou, and J. C. Roynette, Nucl. Phys. A95, 526 (1967)

[c79] J. C. Roynette, M. Arditi, J. C. Jacmart, F. Mazloum, M. Riou, and C. Ruhla, Nucl. Phys. A95, 545 (1967)

[c80] M. Riou and Ch. Ruhla, Progr. Nucl. Phys. 2, 195 (1969)

[c81] Edward F. Redish, G. J. Stephenson, Jr. and Gerald M. Lerner, Phys. Rev. C2, 1665 (1970)

[c82] W. D. Simpson, J. L. Friedes, H. Palevsky, R. J. Sutter, G. W. Bennett, B. Gottschalk, G. Igo, R. L. Stearns, N. S. Wall, D. M. Corley, and G. C. Phillips, Nucl. Phys. A140, 201 (1970)

[c83] R. Shanta and B. K. Jain, Nucl. Phys. 175, 417 (1971)

[c84] G. J. Stephenson Jr., Edward F. Redish, Gerald M. Lerner, and M. I. Haftel, "( $p$ , $2 p$ ) Reactions with Divers Potentials," Maryland Technical Report No. 73-002 (1972)

[c85] H. Tyrén, Peter Hillman, and Th. A. J. Maris, Nucl. Phys. 7, 10 (1958)

[c86] H. Tyrén, S. Kullander, O. Sundberg, R. Ramachandran, P. Isacsson, and T. Berggren, Nucl. Phys. 79, 321 (1966) private communication from H. Tyrén

[c87] H. Tyrén, Th. A. J. Maris, and P. Hillman, Nuovo Cimento 6, 1507 (1957)

[c88] Herbert Überall, Electron Scattering from Complex Nuclei B (Academic, New York, 1971)

[c89] Raoul D. Viollier and Kurt Alder, Helv. Phys. Acta 44, 77 (1971)

[c90] Kenneth M. Watson, Phys. Rev. 89, 575 (1953)

[c91] A. Watt, Phys. Lett. 27B, 190 (1968)

[c92] Gerhard J. Wagner, Habilitationsschrift, MPI H-V8 (1970), unpublished

[c93] Karl Wildermuth and Walter McClure, in Springer Tracts in Mod. Phys. (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1966), Vol. 41, p. 1

[c94] U. Wille, D. H. E. Gross, and R. Lipperheide, Phys. Rev. C 4, 1070 (1971)

[c95] Denys H. Wilkinson, Comm. Nucl. and Part. Phys. 2, 48 (1968)

[c96] Uwe Wille, Ph.D. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin (1971) unpublished

[c97] U. Wille and R. Lipperheide, Nucl. Phys. A189, 113 (1972)

[c98] T. Yuasa and E. Hourany, Nucl. Phys. A103, 577 (1967)

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Quasi-Free Scattering and Nuclear Structure. II.

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