- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Survey of Vibrational Relaxation Data for Processes Important in the CO2-N2 Laser System

RAYMOND L. TAYLOR and STEVEN BITTERMAN

RAYMOND L. TAYLOR and STEVEN BITTERMAN

  • Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Everett, Massachusetts

PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 41, 26 – Published 1 January, 1969

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.41.26

Abstract

Vibrational relaxation data are surveyed in order to provide the rates of vibrational energy transfer for processes important in the CO2-N2 laser. A kinetic model is assumed for the vibrational energy transfer into and within the various vibrational modes of the molecules that make up a CO2-N2 laser, including the species H2O, O2, He, and H2. Experimental data are assembled and interpreted for the rate constants and the probabilities per collision for the various kinetic processes of the assumed mechanism as a function of temperature. For certain processes, the experimental data are reinterpreted in terms of more recent knowledge of vibrational energy transfer. The data are compared with theoretical calculations and various anomalies in those comparisons are discussed. The significance of the various vibrational energy transfer processes for understanding the operation of the CO2-N2 laser are contrasted with the state of knowledge of the rate information.

View figure in article

References (133)

  1. C. K. N. Patel, Phys. Rev. Letters 13, No. 21, 617 (1967)
  2. F. Legay and N. Legay-Sommaire, Compt. Rend. 259, 99 (1964)
  3. N. Legay-Sommaire. L. Henry, and F. Legay, Compt. Rend. 260, 3339 (1965)
  4. N. N. Sobolev and V. V. Sokovikov, ZhETF Pis. Red. 4, 303 (1966) [JEPT Lett. 4, 204 (1966)]
  5. N. N. Sobolev and V. V. Sokovikov, ZhETF Pis. Red. 5, 122 (1967) [JEPT Lett. 5, 99 (1967)]
  6. N. N. Sobolev and V. V. Sokovikov, The Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions: Invited Papers from the Fifth International Conference, Leningrad, 17-23 July, 1967, L. M. Branscomb, Ed. (Univ. Colorado Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1968), pp. 40-69
  7. C. B. Moore, R. E. Wood, B. Hu, and J. T. Yardley, J. Chem. Phys. 46, 4222 (1967)
  8. K. F. Herzfeld and T. A. Litovitz, Absorption and Dispersion of Ultrasonic Waves (Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1959), pp. 260-348
  9. J. L. Stretton, Trans Faraday Soc. 61, 35 (1965)
  10. K. Herzfeld, Disc. Faraday Soc. 33, 22 (1962)
  11. K. Herzfeld, J. Chem. Phys. 47, 748 (1967)
  12. G. Herzberg, Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. I. Spectra of Diatomic Molecules (D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc., New York, 1950) G. HerzbergMolecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. II. Infrared and Raman Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules 2nd. ed. (D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc., New York, 1945)

  13. Omitted endnote

  14. Omitted endnote

  15. T. L. Cottrell and J. C. McCoubrey, Molecular Energy Transfer in Gases (Butterworths Scientific Publications Ltd., London, 1961), pp. 26-29
  16. R. L. Taylor, M. Camac, and R. M. Feinberg, "Measurements of Vibration-Vibration Coupling in Gas Mixtures," Proceedings of the Eleventh Symposium (International) on Combustion, 14-20 August, 1966 (Combustion Institute, Pittsburg, Pa., 1967), pp. 49-65
  17. L. Landau and E. Teller, Physik. Z. Sowjetunion 10, 34 (1936)
  18. Reference 8, pp. 83-90
  19. J. O. Hirschfelder, C. F. Curtiss, and R. B. Bird, Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1954), pp. 1110-1111
  20. N. H. Johannesen, J. Fluid Mech. 10, 25 (1961)
  21. P. A. Blythe, J. Fluid Mech. 10, 33 (1961)
  22. R. N. Schwartz, Z. I. Slawsky, and K. Herzfeld, J. Chem. Phys. 20, 1591 (1952)
  23. F. I. Tancoz, J. Chem. Phys. 25, 439 (1956)
  24. Reference 15, pp. 88-91
  25. E. F. Smiley and E. H. Winkler, J. Chem. Phys. 22, 2018 (1954)
  26. W. Griffith, D. Brickl, and V. Blackman, Phys. Rev. 102, 1209 (1956)
  27. N. H. Johannesen, H. K. Zienkiewicz, P. A. Blythe, and J. H. Gerrard, J. Fluid Mech. 13, 213 (1962)
  28. H. K. Zienkiewicz, N. H. Johannesen, and J. H. Gerrard, J. Fluid Mech. 17, 267 (1963)
  29. W. D. Greenspan and V. H. Blackman, Bull. Amer. Phys. Soc. 2, 217 (1957)
  30. J. Daen and P. C. T. deBoer, J. Chem. Phys. 36, 1222 (1962)
  31. V. Blackman, J. Fluid Mech. 1, 61 (1956)
  32. W. J. Witteman, J. Chem. Phys. 37, 655 (1962)
  33. H. K. Zienkiewicz and N. H. Johannesen, J. Fluid Mech. 14, 499 (1963)
  34. M. Camac, "CO2 Relaxation Processes in Shock Waves," Avco Everett Research Laboratory Research Report 194, 1964 (unpublished)
  35. D. Weaner, J. F. Roach, and W. R. Smith, J. Chem. Phys. 47, 3096 (1967)
  36. I. R. Hurle and A. G. Gaydon, Nature 184, 1858 (1959)
  37. P. V. Slobodskaya and E. S. Gasilevich, Opt. Spectry. 7, 58 (1959)
  38. P. V. Slobodskaya, Opt. Spectr. 22, 14 (1967)
  39. T. L. Cottrell, I. M. Macfarlane, and A. W. Read, Trans. Faraday Soc. 63, 2093 (1967)
  40. E. H. Carnevale, C. Carey, and G. Larson, J. Chem. Phys. 47, 2829 (1967)
  41. M. H. Wallman, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 20, 671 (1934)
  42. I. M. Metter [Phys. Zeit. Sowjetunion 12, 233 (1937)]
  43. D. Shelley, M. C. HendersonPh.D. thesis, Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C., private communication from
  44. P. K. Cheo, J. Appl. Phys. 38, 3563 (1967) confirmed by unpublished data of J. Wilson at Avco Everett Research Laboratory
  45. J. T. Yardley and C. B. Moore, J. Chem. Phys. 46, 4491 (1967)
  46. A. Van Itterbeek, P. DeBruyn, and P. Mariens, Physica 6, 511 (1939)
  47. B. Widom and S. H. Bauer, J. Chem. Phys. 21, 1670 (1953)
  48. A. Eucken and E. Nümann, Z. Phys. Chem. 36B, 163 (1937)
  49. R. Marriott, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 88, 83 (1966)
  50. T. L. Cottrell, R. C. Dobbie, J. McLain and A. W. Read, Trans. Faraday Soc. 60, 251 (1964)
  51. C. B. Moore, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 2979 (1965)
  52. J. W. L. Lewis and K. P. Lee, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 38, 813 (1965)
  53. T. L. Cottrell and M. A. Day, Molecular Relaxation Processes (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1966), pp. 253-256
  54. R. Marriott, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 86, 1041 (1965)
  55. T. G. Winter, J. Chem. Phys. 38, 2761 (1963)
  56. R. C. Millikan and D. R. White, J. Chem. Phys. 39, 98 (1963)
  57. P. W. Huber and A. Kantrowitz, J. Chem. Phys. 15, 275 (1947)
  58. W. G. Shilling and J. R. Partington, Phil. Mag. 6, 920 (1928) ibid.9, 1020 (1930)
  59. P. S. H. Henry, Nature 129, 200 (1932)
  60. S. J. Lukasik and J. E. Young, J. Chem. Phys. 27, 1149 (1957)
  61. I. R. Hurle, J. Chem. Phys. 41, 3911 (1964)
  62. A. G. Gaydon and I. R. Hurle, Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on Combustion, 1961 (Academic Press Inc., New York, 1962), pp. 309-318
  63. J. P. Appleton, J. Chem. Phys. 47, 3231 (1967)
  64. M. C. Henderson, "Thermal Relaxation in N2, O2, and CO with Admixtures," Fourth International Congress on Acoustics, Copenhagen, 21-28 August, 1962 (The Organization Committee of the Fourth International Congress on Acoustics, Copenhagen, 1962)
  65. R. C. Millikan and D. R. White, J. Chem. Phys. 39, 3209 (1963)
  66. R. L. Taylor and S. Bitterman, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 13, 1591 (1968)
  67. D. R. White, J. Chem. Phys. 46, 2016 (1967)
  68. D. R. White, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 525 (1968)

  69. Omitted endnote

  70. D. R. White and R. C. Millikan, J. Chem. Phys. 39, 1803 (1963)
  71. H. J. Bauer and N. Roesler, Molecular Relaxation Processes (Chemical Society Special Publication No. 20, The Chemical Society, Burlington House, London, 1966), pp. 245-252
  72. M. C. Henderson and E. J. Queen, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 714 (1962)
  73. D. G. Jones, J. D. Lambert, and J. L. Stretton, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 86, 857 (1963)
  74. M. C. Henderson, A. V. Clark, and P. R. Lintz, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 37, 457 (1965)
  75. W. A. Rosser, Jr., A. D. Wood, and E. T. Gerry (to be published)
  76. R. L. Taylor and S. Bitterman (to be published)
  77. J. E. Morgan and H. I. Schiff [Canadian J. Chem. 41, 903 (1963)] W. L. Starr and T. M. Shaw [J. Chem. Phys. 44, 4181 (1966)]
  78. R. D. Sharma and C. A. Brau, Phys. Rev. Letters 19, 1273 (1967) J. Chem. Phys. 50, 924 (1969)

  79. Omitted endnote

  80. W. J. Witteman, Phys. Letters 18, 125 (1965)
  81. W. J. Witteman, IEEE J. Quantum Electronics, 375 (1966)
  82. J. T. Yardley and C. B. Moore, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 14 (1968)
  83. D. R. White and R. C. Millikan, AIAA J. 2, 1844 (1964)
  84. Ref. 16
  85. W. D. Breshears and P. F. Bird, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 4768 (1968)
  86. D. R. White, J. Chem. Phys. 49, 5472 (1968)

  87. Omitted endnote

  88. L. O. Hocker, M. A. Kovacs, C. K. Rhodes, G. W. Flynn, and A. Javan, Phys. Rev. Letters 17, 233 (1966)
  89. J. T. Houghton, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 91, 439 (1967)
  90. P. K. Cheo, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 13, 207 (1968)
  91. R. L. Taylor and S. Bitterman (further details to be published, Ref. 66)
  92. C. B. Moore, Fluorescence, G. G. Guilbault, Ed. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1967), Chap. 3, pp. 133-199
  93. G. Herzberg, Ref. 12, Part II, pp. 215-218
  94. C. K. Rhodes, M. J. Kelley, and A. Javan, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 5730 (1968)
  95. R. Sharma, J. Chem. Phys. (to be published)
  96. C. B. Moore (private communication) (Refs. 7 and 45)
  97. K. L. Wray, J. Chem. Phys. 36, 2597 (1962)
  98. R. D. Sharma and C. A. Brau (private communication, 1968)
  99. F. A. Angona, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 25, 1116 (1953)
  100. A. Eucken and R. Becker, Z. Phys. Chem. 27B, 235 (1934)
  101. R. H. Frick, Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, 1942
  102. E. F. Fricke, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 12, 245 (1940)
  103. W. Griffith, J. Appl. Phys. 21, 1319 (1950)
  104. M. C. Henderson and L. Peselnick, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 29, 1074 (1957)
  105. H. O. Kneser and H. Roesler, Acoustica 9, 224 (1959)
  106. L. Küchler, Z. Phys. Chem. 41B, 199 (1938)
  107. R. W. Leonard, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 12, 241 (1940)
  108. W. T. Richards and J. A. Reid, J. Chem. Phys. 2, 193 (1934)
  109. F. D. Shields, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 29, 450 (1957)
  110. F. D. Shields, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 31, 248 (1959)
  111. A. Van Itterbeek and P. Mariens, Physica 5, 153 (1938)
  112. A. Van Itterbeek and P. Mariens, Physica 7, 125 (1940)
  113. K. F. Buschmann and K. Schäfer, Z. Phys. Chem. 50B, 73 (1941)
  114. W. H. Pielemeier, H. L. Saxton and D. Telfair, J. Chem. Phys. 8, 106 (1940)
  115. M. Gustavson, Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, 1952
  116. A. Kantrowitz, J. Chem. Phys. 14, 150 (1946)
  117. M. C. Henderson and J. Z. Klose, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 31, 29 (1959)
  118. I. M. Metter, Phys. Z. Sowjetunion 12, 233 (1937)
  119. R. W. Higgs and R. N. Torborg, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 42, 1038 (1967)
  120. F. A. Gutowski, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 28, 478 (1956)
  121. V. O. Knudsen and E. Fricke, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 12, 255 (1940)
  122. W. H. Pielemeier, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 15, 22 (1943)
  123. H. J. Bauer and E. Liska, Z. Phys. 181, 356 (1964)
  124. J. W. L. Lewis and F. D. Shields, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 2, 532 (1966)
  125. J. G. Clouston, A. G. Gaydon and I. I. Glass, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 248, 429 (1958)
  126. V. H. Blackman, Tech. Report II-20, NR 061-020, Phys. Dept. Princeton Univ., 1955
  127. R. Holmes, F. A. Smith and W. Tempest, Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 81, 311 (1963)
  128. F. D. Shields and Kun Pal Lee, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 35, 251 (1963)
  129. J. G. Parker, J. Chem. Phys. 34, 1763 (1960)
  130. S. A. Losev and N. A. Generalov, Sov. Phys.-Dokl. 6, 1081 (1962)
  131. D. D. Eden, R. B. Lindsay and H. Zink, J. Eng. Power 83, 137 (1961)
  132. Y. Fujii, R. B. Lindsay and K. Urushihara, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 35, 961 (1963)
  133. H. Roesler and K. F. Sahm, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 37, 386 (1965)

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 41, 26– Published 1 January, 1969

    © 1969 American Physical Society

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation