- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

X-Ray Wavelengths

J. A. BEARDEN

J. A. BEARDEN

  • The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 39, 78 – Published 1 January, 1967

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.39.78

Abstract

Inconsistencies in accepted values (in x units) of x-ray reference lines have recently been demonstrated, although all are supposedly based on "good" calcite crystals. Factors supporting the selection of the W Kα1 line as the X-Ray Wavelength Standard are critically discussed. A review is given of the experimental measurements which are used to establish the wavelength of this line on an absolute angstrom basis. Its value is λ W Kα1=(0.2090100±5 ppm) Å. This may be used to define a new unit, denoted by Å*, such that the W Kα1 wavelength is exactly 0.2090100 Å*; hence 1Å*=1ű5 ppm. The wavelengths of the Ag Kα1, Mo Kα1, Cu Kα1, and the Cr Kα2 have been established as secondary standards with probable error of approximately one part per million. Sixty-one additional x-ray lines have been used as reference values in a comprehensive review and reevaluation of more than 2700 emission and absorption wavelengths. The recommended wavelength values are listed in Å* units together with probable errors; corresponding energies are given in keV. A second table lists the wavelengths in numerical order, and likewise includes their energies in keV.

View figure in article

References (46)

  1. J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, Rev. Mod. Phys. 39, 125 (1967)
  2. S. Hagström, C. Nordling, and K. Siegbahn, Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-ray Spectroscopy, Kai Siegbahn, Ed. (North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1965), Vol. 1, p. 845
  3. M. Siegbahn, Spektroskopie der Röntgenstrahlen (Julius Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1931), 2nd ed
  4. Y. Cauchois and H. Hulubei, Longueurs d'onde des Emissions X et des Discontinuités d'Absorption X (Hermann et Cie., Paris, 1947)
  5. A. E. Sandström, Handbuch der Physik, S. Flügge, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1957), Vol. 30, p. 164
  6. J. A. Bearden, A. Henins, J. G. Marzolf, W. C. Sauder, and J. S. Thomsen, Phys. Rev. 135, 899 (1964)
  7. Ref. 5, p. 161
  8. M. Siegbahn and A. Leide, Phil. Mag. 38, 647 (1919) M. Siegbahn, Arkiv Mat. Astron. Fys. 14, Nr. 9 (1920)
  9. H. G. S. Moseley, Phil. Mag. 26, 1024 (1913)
  10. M. Siegbahn, Nature 151, 502 (1943) Ref. 2, pp. 42-47
  11. J. A. Bearden, Phys. Rev. 137, 455 (1965)
  12. J. A. Bearden, X-Ray Wavelengths, NYO-10586 (Fed. Sci. and Tech. Inf., U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Springfield, Va., 1964)
  13. J. A. Bearden, Phys. Rev. 38, 2089 (1931)
  14. J. A. Bearden, Phys. Rev. 137, 181 (1964)
  15. J. J. Merrill and J. W. M. DuMond, Phys. Rev. 110, 84 (1958)
  16. J. W. M. DuMond, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.) 45, 1052 (1959)
  17. P. Bergvall, O. Hörnfeldt, and C. Nordling, Arkiv Fysik 17, 113 (1960)
  18. J. A. Bearden and C. H. Shaw, Phys. Rev. 48, 18 (1935)
  19. J. A. Bearden, Phys. Rev. 43, 94 (1933)
  20. J. W. M. DuMond, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 2, 283 (1957) E. L. Chupp, A. F. Clark, J. W. M. DuMond, F. J. Gordon, and H. Mark, Phys. Rev. 107, 745 (1957)
  21. J. W. Knowles, Can. J. Phys. 40, 237 (1962) International Conference on Nuclear Physics with Reactor Neutrons (AEC) ANL-6797, F. E. Throw, Ed., p. 165
  22. A. J. Bearden, Phys. Rev. Letters 4, 240 (1960)
  23. E. Ingelstam, Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci., Upsala 10, Nr. 5 (1937)
  24. J. G. Marzolf, Rev. Sci. Instr. 35, 1212 (1964)
  25. Ref. 5, p. 143
  26. J. A. Bearden, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 7, 339 (1962)
  27. M. Renninger, Acta Cryst. 13, 1067 (1960) J. G. Marzolf, S. J., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 8, 313 (1963) thesis, Dept. of Physics, The Johns Hopkins University, 1963
  28. J. A. Bearden and A. Henins, Rev. Sci. Instr. 36, 334 (1965)
  29. G. L. Rogosa and G. Schwarz, Phys. Rev. 92, 1434 (1953)
  30. M. S. Wertheim and G. Igo, Phys. Rev. 98, 1 (1955)
  31. J. A. Bearden, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 9, 387 (1964)
  32. H. Kallmann and H. Mark, Ann. Physik 82, 585 (1927) J. A. Prins, Z. Physik 47, 479 (1928) H. Honl, 84, 1 (1933) J. A. Wheeler and J. A. Bearden, Phys. Rev. 46, 755 (1934)
  33. Reference 5, p. 138
  34. J. A. Bearden, Phys. Rev. 37, 1210 (1931)
  35. B. Edlen and L. A. Svensson, Arkiv Fysik 28, 427 (1965)
  36. B. Nordfors, Arkiv Fysik 10, 279 (1956)
  37. Ph. Haglund, Z. Physik 94, 369 (1935)
  38. E. R. Cohen and J. W. M. DuMond, Rev. Mod. Phys. 37, 590 (1965)
  39. R. J. Allenby, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 5, 40 (1954) K. Rankama, Isotope Geology (McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1954), p. 272
  40. I. Henins and J. A. Bearden, Phys. Rev. 135, 890 (1964) I. Henins, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Std. (U.S.) A 68, 529 (1964)
  41. J. A. Bearden, Phys. Rev. 137, 181 (1965)
  42. A. Smakula and J. Kalnajs, Nuovo Cimento Suppl. 6, 214 (1957) Phys. Rev. 99, 1737 (1955) A. Smakula and V. Sils, 99, 1744 (1955) A. Smakula, J. Kalnajs, and V. Sils, 99, 1747 (1955)
  43. Ref. 40, p. 897
  44. J. J. Spijkerman and J. A. Bearden, Phys. Rev. 134, 871 (1964)
  45. Ref. 5, pp. 94 to 129
  46. G. D. Deodhar and R. C. Karnatak, J. Sci. Ind. Res. 15B, 615 (1956)

Outline

Information

Rev. Mod. Phys. 39, 78– Published 1 January, 1967

    © 1967 American Physical Society

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation