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Classical Noise III: Nonlinear Markoff Processes

MELVIN LAX

MELVIN LAX

  • Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey

Rev. Mod. Phys. 38, 359 – Published 1 April, 1966

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.38.359

Abstract

Our previous treatment of noise in the nonequilibrium steady state is extended to include nonstationary processes, and processes for which the quasilinear approximation is inadequate. By use of backward-equation methods, we show that M0(a0, t, t0)=expt0tQ(a(s), ts) ds subject to a(t0)=a0 obeys the differential (integral) equation: M0(a0, t, t0)t0=[Q(a0, tt0)Σn=1Dn(a0, t0):(a0)n]M0, where the Dn are the nth-order diffusion coefficients of the a(s) process, and Q(a(s), s) is an arbitrary function of a and s. The choice Dn=0, n>2, D2=D D1(a)=Λa makes a(s) an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (O.U.) process, i.e., white noise that has been filtered through an RC network with time constant 1Λ. The choice Q(a(s), s)=k(ts)[a(s)]2 squares the output and applies the time smoothing k(ts). For k(s)=exp (2βs) [time smoothing through an RC network with time constant (12β)], an explicit solution is obtained for the characteristic function M0. For arbitrary positive k(s), we show that M0 becomes independent of a0 as t if k()=0, and M0 becomes stationary if Λ>0 and 0k(u) du<.

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