The Ratio of Valence Electrons to Atoms in Metals and Intermetallic Compounds

Linus Pauling; Fred J. Ewing

doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.20.112

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The Ratio of Valence Electrons to Atoms in Metals and Intermetallic Compounds

Linus Pauling and Fred J. Ewing

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 20, 112 – Published 1 January, 1948

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.20.112

Abstract

It is shown that the numbers of valence electrons assigned to the $γ$ -alloys, $β$ -manganese and alloys with similar structure, and $α$ -manganese by a new system of metallic valences agree closely with the electron numbers calculated for complete filling of important Brillouin polyhedra for these structures.

References (23)

M. Hansen, Aufbau der Zweistofflegierungen (Julius Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1936)
A. Westgren and G. Phragmén, Phil. Mag. VI 50, 331 (1925) E. Persson, Naturwiss. 16, 613 (1928) A. Westgren and G. Phragmen, Zeits. f. anorg. allgem. Chemie 175, 80 (1928)
W. Hume-Rothery, J. Inst. Metals 35, 295 (1926)
A. Westgren and G. Phragmén, Trans. Faraday Soc. 25, 379 (1929)
A. J. Bradley and J. Thewlis, Proc. Roy. Soc. A112, 678 (1926)
U. Dehlinger, Zeits. f. Elektrochemie 38, 148 (1932)
M. Soldau, J. Inst. Metals 30, 351 (1923)
H. Endo, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. 14, 479 (1925)
H. Jones, Proc. Roy. Soc. A144, 225 (1934) ibid.A147, 396 (1934) N. F. Mott and H. Jones, Theory of the Properties of Metals and Alloys (Oxford University Press, London, 1936)
F. Bloch, Zeits. f. Physik 52, 555 (1928)
M. J. O. Strutt, Ann. d. Physik 84, 485 (1927)
L. Brillouin, Comptes rendus 191, 198, 292 (1930)
L. Brillouin, J. de phys. et rad. 1, 377 (1930) ibid.3, 565 (1932) ibid.4, 1, 333 (1933) ibid.7, 401 (1936) L. Brillouin, Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1946) L. BrillouinQuantenstatistik (Julius Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1931)
L. Pauling, Phys. Rev. 54, 899 (1938)
L. Pauling, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 542 (1947) "The nature of the bonds in metals and intermetallic compounds," a talk given before Section I, XIth Internatl. Congress of Pure and Applied Chem., London, July 1947
J. C. Slater, J. App. Phys. 8, 385 (1937)
C. P. Lane, J. App. Phys. 8, 693 (1937)
G. D. Preston, Phil. Mag. 5, 1198, 1207 (1928)
A. Westgren and A. J. Bradley, Phil. Mag. 6, 280 (1928)
S. Fagerberg and A. Westgren, Metallwirtschaft 14, 265 (1935)
A. J. Bradley and J. Thewlis, Proc. Roy. Soc. A115, 456 (1927) reference 18
A. J. Bradley, J. Inst. Metals 11, 252 (1944) W. Hume-Rothery, ibid. 11, 257 (1944)
L. Laves, K. Löhberg, and P. Rahlphs, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math. phys. Kl. Neue Folge 1, 67 (1934)

[c1] M. Hansen, Aufbau der Zweistofflegierungen (Julius Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1936)

[c2] A. Westgren and G. Phragmén, Phil. Mag. VI 50, 331 (1925) E. Persson, Naturwiss. 16, 613 (1928) A. Westgren and G. Phragmen, Zeits. f. anorg. allgem. Chemie 175, 80 (1928)

[c3] W. Hume-Rothery, J. Inst. Metals 35, 295 (1926)

[c4] A. Westgren and G. Phragmén, Trans. Faraday Soc. 25, 379 (1929)

[c5] A. J. Bradley and J. Thewlis, Proc. Roy. Soc. A112, 678 (1926)

[c6] U. Dehlinger, Zeits. f. Elektrochemie 38, 148 (1932)

[c7] M. Soldau, J. Inst. Metals 30, 351 (1923)

[c8] H. Endo, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. 14, 479 (1925)

[c9] H. Jones, Proc. Roy. Soc. A144, 225 (1934) ibid.A147, 396 (1934) N. F. Mott and H. Jones, Theory of the Properties of Metals and Alloys (Oxford University Press, London, 1936)

[c10] F. Bloch, Zeits. f. Physik 52, 555 (1928)

[c11] M. J. O. Strutt, Ann. d. Physik 84, 485 (1927)

[c12] L. Brillouin, Comptes rendus 191, 198, 292 (1930)

[c13] L. Brillouin, J. de phys. et rad. 1, 377 (1930) ibid.3, 565 (1932) ibid.4, 1, 333 (1933) ibid.7, 401 (1936) L. Brillouin, Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1946) L. BrillouinQuantenstatistik (Julius Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1931)

[c14] L. Pauling, Phys. Rev. 54, 899 (1938)

[c15] L. Pauling, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69, 542 (1947) "The nature of the bonds in metals and intermetallic compounds," a talk given before Section I, XIth Internatl. Congress of Pure and Applied Chem., London, July 1947

[c16] J. C. Slater, J. App. Phys. 8, 385 (1937)

[c17] C. P. Lane, J. App. Phys. 8, 693 (1937)

[c18] G. D. Preston, Phil. Mag. 5, 1198, 1207 (1928)

[c19] A. Westgren and A. J. Bradley, Phil. Mag. 6, 280 (1928)

[c20] S. Fagerberg and A. Westgren, Metallwirtschaft 14, 265 (1935)

[c21] A. J. Bradley and J. Thewlis, Proc. Roy. Soc. A115, 456 (1927) reference 18

[c22] A. J. Bradley, J. Inst. Metals 11, 252 (1944) W. Hume-Rothery, ibid. 11, 257 (1944)

[c23] L. Laves, K. Löhberg, and P. Rahlphs, Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, Math. phys. Kl. Neue Folge 1, 67 (1934)

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The Ratio of Valence Electrons to Atoms in Metals and Intermetallic Compounds

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