This Perspective outlines the history of neutrino astronomy and looks ahead to the big questions that neutrino observatories may help answer.

An analog quantum simulator shows that while local parts of a quantum system appear thermalized, global properties exhibit persistent, universal fluctuations—offering new insight into quantum thermalization.

Non-Abelian topological systems show greater resistance to a certain type of noise than simpler Abelian ones, revealing new potential for building more robust quantum memories.

Experiments reveal that neutron-to-proton conversion in light nuclear reactions at relativistic energies rises exponentially with neutron number, challenging prior models and allowing for refined nuclear reaction and astrophysics predictions.

Strong optical signals in the van der Waals magnet CrI${}_3$ arise from spin-forbidden chromium ion transitions enhanced by orbital hybridization with iodine atoms, offering new ways to detect and control magnetism in ultrathin materials.

A new symmetry-breaking scenario provides a comprehensive description of magnetic behavior associated with the anomalous Hall effect.

Simulations on a fuzzy sphere show that 3D Ising critical behavior persists even in fractional quantum Hall states, revealing a powerful method for studying conformal field theories amid topological order.

Data from NASA’s Parker Solar Probe reveal that a barrier to the transfer of energy often forms in the solar wind, limiting energy reaching small scales and helping explain why solar wind protons are hotter than electrons.

A helper ion enables full quantum control of a single H${}_2^{+}$ ion by transferring quantum information through shared motion, allowing precise state preparation and high-resolution spectroscopy.

Spectral theory reveals a hidden bifurcation driving self-sustained dynamics in falling liquid films, with broad interdisciplinary implications for understanding how coherent structures interact and organize the resulting nonlinear dynamics.

A new theory revives the ruled-out massless quark solution to the strong $CP$ problem by linking quark color and flavor through generalized symmetries, offering a fresh path beyond the Standard Model.

In TbTi${}_3$Bi${}_4$, an orbital-specific response in the antiferromagnetic state reveals a deep connection between orbital behavior and magnetic ordering.

Network backboning simplifies networks by retaining only essential links. A new method for doing so relies on Bayesian inference and information theory to accomplish this automatically, without the need for fine-tuning parameters.

Two independent groups optimize diamond-based quantum sensing by using more than 100 such sensors in parallel.

Two independent groups optimize diamond-based quantum sensing by using more than 100 such sensors in parallel.

The unexpectedly high-energy neutrino detected by KM3NeT remains statistically consistent with a fluctuation. Current data cannot confirm if this detection was a hint at a new, ultrahigh-energy component in the cosmic neutrino spectrum.

A physics-based path-integral method simplifies complex compartmental models, enabling better analysis of phase transitions in systems such as epidemics, ecosystems, and infrastructure networks.

Programmable arrays of trapped molecules offer a powerful platform for quantum science. New error-mitigation strategies detect and mitigate state preparation and leakage errors by encoding faults in bright, easily detectable molecular states.

A new mathematical framework shows how differences in the internal geometry of energy bands—despite shared topology—can strongly affect the stability of certain exotic quantum states.

A superexchange framework for Majorana orbitals in lattice gauge theory predicts flat bands and fractional Chern states at the topological critical point, boosting future quantum technologies.

A spin chain of individually controlled atoms with long-range interactions shows how quantum correlations in a 1D system fall of with distance.

A new way to reconstruct electron wave functions reveals how electron spin and orbital angular momenta combine to influence the exotic low-temperature behavior of magnetic topological insulators.

A new kind of two-component fractional quantum Hall effect state, where electrons occupy distinct orbital and valley pseudospins, suggests a novel route to engineer complex quantum phases using internal electronic degrees of freedom.

Creep in disordered materials arises from progressively harder local rearrangements, which trigger each other in slow sequences termed thermal avalanches.

Focusing a femtosecond laser on a metal wire generates intense terahertz surface waves via subrelativistic electron emission, achieving 2.4% efficiency—enabling compact, high-power terahertz sources for imaging and communications.

Fine-tuning electric and magnetic fields applied to a graphene/hBN moiré superlattice produces new insulating states by pushing electrons toward the moiré interface, revealing a new way that electronic interactions shape quantum phases.

BOSON—an ultralow-power optical nanoscopy technique using superconducting sensors—enables high-resolution imaging of superconductor transition edges as well as weak polaritonic signals, opening new frontiers in quantum sensing.

Floquet engineering can boost quantum device capabilities, and, surprisingly, adding controlled loss can reduce unwanted heating and errors, making quantum systems more stable and effective.

A new framework classifies 3D crystalline topological phases in interacting fermion systems, revealing experimentally relevant surface states and nuanced connections between spinless and spin-1/2 fermions.

Experiments and theory provide direct evidence of multipolaronic bound states in metallic monolayer MoS${}_2$, shedding light on how electrons behave in two-dimensional semiconductors.

An analysis that draws on nonequilibrium thermodynamics shows that thermodynamic dissipation limits data quality in diffusion models and that optimal transport dynamics yields more accurate generation than typical empirical methods.

Unlike conventional magnetic orders, topological spin textures in two-dimensional magnets show isotropic spin-wave speeds, offering a clear, general feature to identify topological order, aiding spintronics and magnetic materials discovery.

Bi₆Cu₂Se₄O₆ emerges as a promising air-stable $n$-type thermoelectric oxide, with unique lattice dynamics—like bismuth rattling and copper vibrations—offering new ways to enhance heat-to-electricity conversion.

Relying on bootstrap methods from high-energy physics provides a way to study strongly interacting electrons in quantum Hall systems without constructing complex wave functions, revealing new insights into both gapped and gapless phases.

Shape-dependent charge fluctuations in metals reveal a universal “corner term” that serves as a fingerprint for a class of unconventional quantum phase transitions driven by strong electron interactions.

Even the most advanced models used to interpret gravitational-wave signals can introduce systematic errors in estimating black-hole properties—especially for rapidly spinning black holes or unequal-mass binaries.

A new geometric reformulation of Floquet theory introduces a way to uniquely define ground energies for Floquet states, enabling clearer classification of nonequilibrium phases and improved simulation of driven quantum systems.

A detailed quantum model of how gravity might emerge from microscopic spacetime constituents, like spacetime “molecules,” offers testable predictions that distinguish it from particle-based gravity and paves the way for experimental probes.

A newly identified algebraic non-Hermitian skin effect reveals that in higher-dimensional quantum systems, boundary-localized modes can decay by a power law, unlocking new ways to control quantum transport and entanglement.

Self-propelled particles that emit and respond to sound can self-organize into dynamic, resilient structures—like snakes and rings—that sense, decide, and recover, offering a new path to smart, adaptable microrobotic swarms.

Plectonemes—twisted DNA structures—form frequently during nanopore experiments and produce distinct signals, challenging the long-held belief that such signals result from DNA knots.

A new method for controlling spin qubits in quantum dots reduces wiring complexity by tuning qubit energy levels instead of individual barriers, enabling scalable architectures without sacrificing performance.

A proposed on-chip “electron radar” uses single-electron interferometry to probe ultrafast, low-energy quantum electromagnetic fields with picosecond resolution, enabling direct detection of field strength and quantum fluctuations.

Quantum oscillation measurements reveal that RuO${}_2$ lacks the bulk magnetic properties expected of an altermagnet, suggesting previous signals arose from surface effects and underscoring the need for bulk-sensitive probes in spintronics research.

Breathing solitons can persist in energy-losing systems by leveraging nonreciprocal dynamics, enabling stable wave motion for efficient signaling, energy transport, and adaptive materials.

Linking the Lieb-Robinson bound to entanglement growth shows that faster information spread yields greater entanglement, providing a way to estimate computational complexity via measurable quantities.

Incorporating lattice rotation into the renormalization group (RG) procedure offers a high-precision method for directly computing RG fixed-point tensors, paving the way for more rigorous and automated analysis of critical behavior in statistical physics.

Black hole mergers may emit bursts of unknown particles. A search of data from a global magnetometer network during a gravitational-wave event, while not turning up such signals, sets the first lab-based limits on exotic emissions tied to dark matter.

Two fundamental concepts—distinguishability and optimality—are primary factors that govern the behavior of optical resonances in charge-tunable semiconductors.

Microscopic self-propelled rods with built-in quorum sensing adapt their motion to local crowding—rolling in sparse areas and halting in dense ones—leading to dynamic pattern formation and collective freezing behavior.

A new three-photon method enables precise clock transitions in bosonic atoms—previously limited to fermions—unlocking their use in advanced quantum sensors, interferometers, and timekeeping technologies.

A new theoretical framework combines strong light-matter coupling with relativistic quantum effects, revealing how optical cavities can control spin-orbit interactions and modify formally forbidden transitions in heavy atoms.

An array of ten independently controlled quantum memory cells stores photonic qubits in a rare-earth crystal, advancing the development of scalable, RAM-like storage for photonic quantum computing.

Tracking real-time feedback on a spin qubit reveals how quantum information flow sets thermodynamic limits and shows that feedback with memory enables enhanced control performance compared to memoryless methods.

A custom-designed optical clock laser achieves notably high, single-qubit optical-gate fidelity across 3000 atoms, advancing scalable, high-precision control for quantum computing, sensing, and next-generation atomic clocks.

Physical constraints on networks, such as electrical resistor networks that learn on their own, offer interpretable insights into how learning tasks are performed and suggest a universal framework that extends to mechanical and biological systems.

Efficient, all-electrical control of magnetism and light polarization in twisted bilayer MoTe${}_2$ demonstrates a way to link magnetic memory and optical communication in one device and offers a new tuning knob for manipulating zero-field anyons.

Ultrafast x-ray scattering reveals that light-excited charge density waves in LaTe${}_3$ relax slowly due to vortexlike topological defects, showing glasslike behavior and subdiffusive dynamics at the nanoscale.

Sliding electron crystals acquire a transverse velocity under an electric field because of nontrivial quantum geometry, breaking Galilean invariance and altering Hall conductance in materials like rhombohedral graphene.

Adaptive quantum circuits can efficiently generate and control solvable anyons—including complex non-Abelian types—offering a comprehensive, constant-time method for preparing topological phases on quantum devices.

Near a mechanical critical point, adding even a small amount of rigid material to soft fiber networks causes unexpectedly large stiffness increases, revealing new ways to design tunable, responsive materials.

A technique for fully mapping the ultrashort electron beams for laser wakefield acceleration eases the path to creating compact next-generation x-ray free-electron lasers.

New predictions from linearized quantum gravity show that delocalized sources and gravitational-field commutators could offer stronger evidence for future experiments that gravity is inherently quantum.

A simple, realistic model shows that electrons scattering off localized magnetic modes created by heterogeneous interactions explains strange metals’ linear resistance and universal scattering rate in high-temperature superconductors.

A new quantum-compatible method simplifies non-Abelian gauge theory simulations by compressing gauge field data, enabling accurate predictions across interaction strengths with limited quantum resources.

A four-terminal superconducting device that simulates a 3D band structure offers the first step toward realizing Weyl states that could provide topological protection to future quantum devices.

A nonequilibrium extension of the Středa formula provides a physical framework for the topological classification of Floquet systems, revealing universal quantized magnetic responses in driven settings.

A sequence of random events can act as a clock, and its accuracy is fundamentally limited by how often those events occur, as shown by a new bound linking timekeeping precision to the statistics of waiting times.

A universal field-theoretic framework to describe the doping of fractional quantum anomalous Hall insulators predicts that a nonzero density of mobile anyons form exotic metals and superconductors.

A neural network model that learns a “developmental landscape” linked to underlying genes provides a framework for understanding tissue formation and differentiation.

An analysis of how evenly quantum states spread out in Clifford circuits and tensor networks provides new insights for quantum sampling, benchmarking, and computational quantum advantage.

A new algorithm tracks Fisher information through a neural network, revealing how information flows and transforms and offering guidance for designing more efficient networks.

A proposed protocol efficiently prepares high-quality Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) quantum states with rigorous accuracy guarantees. Since GKP states are central to quantum error correction, this paves the way for more robust quantum computing.

A single pair of charge carriers can reveal the competition between superconducting and insulating phases in the microscopic models describing high-temperature superconductors.

A superconducting Josephson mixer generates continuous-variable entanglement between microwave modes, enabling teleportation and entanglement swapping with fidelities beyond classical limits—key steps toward scalable quantum networks.

Breaking key symmetries in antiferromagnets enables nonrelativistic spin splitting without spin-orbit coupling, with auxiliary symmetries guiding a classification that predicts distinct spin polarization patterns for spintronic materials design.

Monolayer amorphous carbon shows unexpectedly high in-plane thermal conductivity compared to its 3D form, revealing how reduced dimensionality can reshape heat transport in disordered materials.

Excitons in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers form through both geminate and bimolecular pathways, resolving a key debate and enabling new control over exciton properties for quantum applications.

Using advanced cryogenic distillation, the XENONnT experiment cuts radon levels in its 10-tonne liquid xenon detector to just 430 atoms per tonne, enabling ultrapure conditions for detecting faint dark matter signals.