• Accepted Paper

Tripartite Haar random state has no bipartite entanglement

Zhi Li, Takato Mori, and Beni Yoshida

Phys. Rev. X - Accepted 28 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/d7b9-ctw2

Abstract

We show that no EPR-like bipartite entanglement can be distilled from a tripartite Haar random state |ΨABC by local unitaries or local operations when each subsystem A, B, or C has fewer than half of the total qubits. Specifically, we derive an upper bound on the probability of sampling a state with EPR-like entanglement at a given EPR fidelity tolerance, showing a doubly-exponential suppression in the number of qubits. Our proof relies on a simple volume argument supplemented by an ϵ-net argument and concentration of measure. Viewing |ΨABC as a bipartite quantum error-correcting code CAB, this implies that neither output subsystem A nor B supports any non-trivial logical operator. We also establish general constraints on the structure of tripartite entanglement in Haar random states, showing that W- or GHZ-like entanglement cannot be distilled and that nontrivial global symmetries are absent. Finally, we discuss a physical interpretation in the AdS/CFT correspondence, indicating that a connected entanglement wedge does not necessarily imply bipartite entanglement, contrary to a previous belief.

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