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  • Featured in Physics
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Probing the Quench Dynamics of Antiferromagnetic Correlations in a 2D Quantum Ising Spin System

Elmer Guardado-Sanchez, Peter T. Brown, Debayan Mitra, Trithep Devakul, David A. Huse, Peter Schauß, and Waseem S. Bakr*

  • Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA

  • *wbakr@princeton.edu
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Phys. Rev. X 8, 021069 – Published 18 June, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.8.021069

Abstract

Simulating the real-time evolution of quantum spin systems far out of equilibrium poses a major theoretical challenge, especially in more than one dimension. We experimentally explore quench dynamics in a two-dimensional Ising spin system with transverse and longitudinal fields. We realize the system with a near unit-occupancy atomic array of over 200 atoms obtained by loading a spin-polarized band insulator of fermionic lithium into an optical lattice and induce short-range interactions by direct excitation to a low-lying Rydberg state. Using site-resolved microscopy, we probe antiferromagnetic correlations in the system after a sudden quench from a paramagnetic state and compare our measurements to numerical calculations using state-of-the-art techniques. We achieve many-body states with longer-range antiferromagnetic correlations by implementing a near-adiabatic quench of the longitudinal field and study the buildup of correlations as we vary the rate with which we change the field.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Viewpoint

Watching a Quantum Magnet Grow in Ultracold Atoms

Published 18 June, 2018

Two experiments watch an antiferromagnetic phase of matter emerge in ultracold Rydberg atoms, opening up a new platform for quantum simulation.

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Popular Summary

Quantum computation, quantum materials, and quantum chemistry all must deal with the challenging problem of calculating the complex nonequilibrium dynamics of an ensemble of many interacting particles. There have been many advances in techniques to compute the properties of equilibrium systems. However, the theoretical toolkit for tackling nonequilibrium dynamics is still very much a work in progress. These algorithms must be tested against data from real physical systems. Fortunately, the ability to create and control synthetic quantum systems that can serve as test beds has rapidly advanced over the past decade. Here, we experimentally explore out-of-equilibrium quantum dynamics in a synthetic two-dimensional magnet.

Specifically, we realize an array of interacting spins by trapping more than 200 cold atoms in a crystal by using interfering light beams. We couple the atoms to a highly excited electronic state known as a Rydberg state, where they interact strongly with each other. The interactions favor antiferromagnetic correlations; that is, an atom in the Rydberg state is more likely to be next to an atom in the ground state. Using a high-resolution microscope, we measure the evolution of these antiferromagnetic correlations after sudden changes in the strength of an effective magnetic field and compare our results to state-of-the-art theory.

Our results demonstrate that higher-dimensional arrays of Rydberg atoms can be used to explore quantum dynamics in regimes that are challenging for current theory. The data from such experiments will be useful for testing various approximations made in quantum dynamics algorithms.

See Also

Observing the Space- and Time-Dependent Growth of Correlations in Dynamically Tuned Synthetic Ising Models with Antiferromagnetic Interactions

Vincent Lienhard, Sylvain de Léséleuc, Daniel Barredo, Thierry Lahaye, Antoine Browaeys, Michael Schuler, Louis-Paul Henry, and Andreas M. Läuchli
Phys. Rev. X 8, 021070 (2018)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. X 8, 021069– Published 18 June, 2018
  • Received 2 November 2017
  • Revised 1 May 2018
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

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