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  • Open Access

Coherent Photon Manipulation in Interacting Atomic Ensembles

Callum R. Murray and Thomas Pohl

  • Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

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Phys. Rev. X 7, 031007 – Published 13 July, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.7.031007

Abstract

Coupling photons to Rydberg excitations in a cold atomic gas yields unprecedentedly large optical nonlinearities at the level of individual light quanta. Here, the basic mechanism exploits the strong interactions between Rydberg atoms to block the formation of nearby dark-state polaritons. However, the dissipation associated with this mechanism ultimately limits the performance of many practical applications. In this work, we propose a new approach to strong photon interactions via a largely coherent mechanism at drastically suppressed photon losses. Rather than a polariton blockade, it is based on an interaction-induced conversion between distinct types of dark-state polaritons with different propagation characteristics. We outline a specific implementation of this approach and show that it permits us to turn a single photon into an effective mirror with a robust and continuously tunable reflection phase. We describe potential applications, including a detailed discussion of achievable operational fidelities.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Popular Summary

Photons, the fundamental constituents of light, do not interact in a vacuum and are, accordingly, free to pass through one another unimpeded. This distinguishing property of light is pivotal to the success of optical-communication technologies that enable long-distance transmission of information. However, many other emerging technologies would instead benefit from having interacting photons, whereby one photon can strongly influence the propagation or state of others. One way to make photons interact with one another is to convert them into so-called polaritons, which are compositions of light and excitations in a material that may feature strong interactions such that the photons effectively acquire the interactions of the medium. Here, we present a new theoretical mechanism for engineering controlled photon-photon interactions.

We devise a setup in which the presence of one polariton can cause another to be converted between two different “flavors” that have drastically different propagation characteristics. We show how this all-optical switching mechanism can cause photons to effectively behave like reflective quantum mirrors. In such a situation, the photons bounce off one another like billiard balls. We propose that an experimental realization of our setup might be possible with Rb87 atoms in a Rydberg state (i.e., one electron held in a very high-energy orbital), with minimal decoherence.

The behavior that we have hypothesized opens the door for future experiments on processing quantum information with photons.

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. X 7, 031007– Published 13 July, 2017
  • Received 13 February 2017
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