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Critical Doping for the Onset of Fermi-Surface Reconstruction by Charge-Density-Wave Order in the Cuprate Superconductor La2−xSrxCuO4

S. Badoux1,*, S. A. A. Afshar1, B. Michon1, A. Ouellet1, S. Fortier1, D. LeBoeuf2, T. P. Croft3, C. Lester3, S. M. Hayden3 et al.

H. Takagi4, K. Yamada5, D. Graf6, N. Doiron-Leyraud1, and Louis Taillefer1,7,†

  • 1Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
  • 2Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, UPR 3228, (CNRS-INSA-UJF-UPS), Grenoble 38042, France
  • 3H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
  • 4Department of Advanced Materials, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
  • 5Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization & The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
  • 6National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
  • 7Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada

  • *sven.badoux@usherbrooke.ca
  • †louis.taillefer@usherbrooke.ca
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Phys. Rev. X 6, 021004 – Published 6 April, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.6.021004

Abstract

The Seebeck coefficient S of the cuprate superconductor La2−xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) was measured in magnetic fields large enough to access the normal state at low temperatures, for a range of Sr concentrations from x=0.07 to x=0.15. For x=0.11, 0.12, 0.125, and 0.13, S/T decreases upon cooling to become negative at low temperatures. The same behavior is observed in the Hall coefficient RH(T). In analogy with other hole-doped cuprates at similar hole concentrations p, the negative S and RH show that the Fermi surface of LSCO undergoes a reconstruction caused by the onset of charge-density-wave modulations. Such modulations have indeed been detected in LSCO by x-ray diffraction in precisely the same doping range. Our data show that in LSCO this Fermi-surface reconstruction is confined to 0.085<p<0.15. We argue that in the field-induced normal state of LSCO, charge-density-wave order ends at a critical doping pCDW=0.15±0.005, well below the pseudogap critical doping p⋆≃0.19.

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Popular Summary

Copper-oxide materials known as cuprates act as superconductors at record-high temperatures. The origin of this remarkable phenomenon, discovered three decades ago, remains an outstanding puzzle in condensed-matter physics, largely because cuprates exhibit a number of intriguing electronic phases that are intertwined in ways that we do not yet understand. One of these phases is characterized by modulations in the density of charge carriers, known as a charge density wave. Another fundamental phase of cuprates is the pseudogap phase, which remains unexplained to this day. A key open question is whether the two phases are intimately linked or separate. Here, we use transport experiments on the classic cuprate material La2−xSrxCuO4 to show that these phases are separate.

Prior electrical resistivity measurements on La2−xSrxCuO4 in very high magnetic fields revealed that its pseudogap phase terminates at a critical doping level of x∼0.19 in the absence of superconductivity. We measure the thermopower of single crystals of La2−xSrxCuO4 in high magnetic fields (up to 45 T) as a way to track the charge-density-wave order with doping via the profound effect it has on the Fermi surface. We examine a range of Sr concentrations from x=0.07 to x=0.15. Around x∼0.12, we observe a negative Seebeck coefficient at low temperature, a well-established signature of the charge-density wave in cuprates. As the doping level increases, this signature disappears; we find that the charge-density-wave phase in La2−xSrxCuO4 ends at x∼0.15. The fact that with decreased doping the pseudogap phase sets in well before the charge-density-wave order implies that the origin of the enigmatic pseudogap is independent of charge-density-wave formation.

We expect that our findings will motivate future investigations focusing on the nature of the pseudogap in cuprates.

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Phys. Rev. X 6, 021004– Published 6 April, 2016
  • Received 18 November 2015
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This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

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