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HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES

Analyzing admissions metrics as predictors of graduate GPA and whether graduate GPA mediates Ph.D. completion

Mike Verostek, Casey W. Miller, and Benjamin Zwickl

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020115 (2021) - Published 7 September, 2021

Undergraduate grade point average predicts graduate grades and PhD completion more effectively than GRE scores.

Why and how teachers use nature of science in teaching quantum physics: Research on the use of an ecological teaching intervention in upper secondary schools

H. K. E. Stadermann and M. J. Goedhart

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020132 (2021) - Published 2 November, 2021

Experienced secondary teachers are able to incorporate nature of science content into their quantum physics lessons when provided with appropriate instructional materials.

Framework for evaluating statistical models in physics education research

John M. Aiken, Riccardo De Bin, H. J. Lewandowski, and Marcos D. Caballero

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020104 (2021) - Published 28 July, 2021

Physics education researchers developing predictive models using statistical techniques should articulate the data management procedures, the model evaluation methods, and the way results are defined and communicated.

Physics Inventory of Quantitative Literacy: A tool for assessing mathematical reasoning in introductory physics

Suzanne White Brahmia, Alexis Olsho, Trevor I. Smith, Andrew Boudreaux, Philip Eaton, and Charlotte Zimmerman

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020129 (2021) - Published 13 October, 2021

The physics inventory of quantitative literacy is a 20-item instrument to assess quantitative reasoning in introductory physics contexts.

ARTICLES

Choosing physics within a gendered power structure: The academic career in physics as a “deal”

Meytal Eran-Jona and Yosef Nir

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020101 (2021) - Published 12 July, 2021

Barriers to women pursuing academic careers in physics include multiple and hidden ways that gender operates as a power structure within society, in the labor market within physics, and in the family.

Gender differences in classroom experiences impacting self-efficacy in an AP Physics 1 classroom

Marta R. Stoeckel and Gillian H. Roehrig

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020102 (2021) - Published 12 July, 2021

Sense-making activities in AP physics courses played an important role for both boys and girls in developing a sense of self-efficacy as well as developing a physics identity.

Effect of an introductory quantum physics course using experiments with heralded photons on preuniversity students’ conceptions about quantum physics

Philipp Bitzenbauer

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020103 (2021) - Published 22 July, 2021

Introducing learners to quantum physics in the context of experiments with heralded photons helps them understand superposition of quantum mechanical states and discard deterministic ways of thinking.

Framework for evaluating statistical models in physics education research

John M. Aiken, Riccardo De Bin, H. J. Lewandowski, and Marcos D. Caballero

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020104 (2021) - Published 28 July, 2021

Physics education researchers developing predictive models using statistical techniques should articulate the data management procedures, the model evaluation methods, and the way results are defined and communicated.

Intersectional analysis of Advanced Placement Physics participation and performance by gender and ethnicity

Robert Krakehl and Angela M. Kelly

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020105 (2021) - Published 29 July, 2021

As the selectivity and rigor increases among Advanced Placement Physics courses, the enrollment distribution of student ethnicities increasingly diverge from the U.S. school population.

Reasoning with evidence while modeling: Successes at the middle school level

Lauren A. Barth-Cohen, Sarah K. Braden, Tamara G. Young, and Sara Gailey

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020106 (2021) - Published 4 August, 2021

Middle school students are capable of reasoning in ways that are similar to more advanced physics reasoning; instructional design should reflect this.

Learning assistants as student partners in introductory physics

Patti C. Hamerski, Paul W. Irving, and Daryl McPadden

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020107 (2021) - Published 13 August, 2021

Using learning assistants as student partners in creating change supports sustainable curricular improvements.

Effects of metacognitive scaffolding on students’ performance and confidence judgments in simulation-based inquiry

Hong-Syuan Wang, Sufen Chen, and Miao-Hsuan Yen

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020108 (2021) - Published 13 August, 2021

Incorporating metacognitive scaffolds into inquiry-based learning improves students’ science process skills and their confidence judgement of their process skills.

Student behavior in undergraduate physics laboratories: Designing experiments

Bei Cai, Lindsay A. Mainhood, Ryan Groome, Corinne Laverty, and Alastair McLean

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020109 (2021) - Published 20 August, 2021

Students in inquiry-based introductory physics laboratories express negative emotions when provided with more guidance than when provided with less guidance.

Impact of informal physics programs on university student development: Creating a physicist

Callie Rethman, Jonathan Perry, Jonan Phillip Donaldson, Daniel Choi, and Tatiana Erukhimova

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020110 (2021) - Published 20 August, 2021

Undergraduate physics students who facilitated informal physics programs positively developed their physics identity, experienced an increased sense of belonging to the physics community, and improved their communication and teamwork skills.

Remote advanced lab course: A case study analysis of open-ended projects

Jessica R. Hoehn, Michael F. J. Fox, Alexandra Werth, Victoria Borish, and H. J. Lewandowski

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020111 (2021) - Published 20 August, 2021

An example implementation of open-ended projects via remote instruction in an advanced physics lab course.

Not engaging with problems in the lab: Students’ navigation of conflicting data and models

Anna McLean Phillips, Meagan Sundstrom, David G. Wu, and N. G. Holmes

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020112 (2021) - Published 26 August, 2021

Students’ framing is important in shaping their engagement in introductory physics laboratory classrooms.

Deeper look at question categories, concepts, and context covered: Modified module analysis of quantum mechanics concept assessment

James Wells, Homeyra Sadaghiani, Benjamin P. Schermerhorn, Steven Pollock, and Gina Passante

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020113 (2021) - Published 30 August, 2021

Modified model analysis is used to understand the structure of the Quantum Mechanics Concept Assessment.

Interactive remote interviews during emergency remote teaching

Christian D. Solorio, Elizabeth Gire, and David Roundy

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020114 (2021) - Published 3 September, 2021

Conducting interactive remote interviews is an effective alternative to in-person interviews in many circumstances.

Analyzing admissions metrics as predictors of graduate GPA and whether graduate GPA mediates Ph.D. completion

Mike Verostek, Casey W. Miller, and Benjamin Zwickl

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020115 (2021) - Published 7 September, 2021

Undergraduate grade point average predicts graduate grades and PhD completion more effectively than GRE scores.

Knowledge integration in student learning of Newton’s third law: Addressing the action-reaction language and the implied causality

Lei Bao and Joseph C. Fritchman

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020116 (2021) - Published 7 September, 2021

Many physics students consider forces being causal while occurring at the same time; likely caused by the action-reaction language often used to describe Newton’s third law.

Phenomenographic analysis and comparison of students’ conceptual understanding of electric and magnetic fields and the principle of superposition

Esmeralda Campos, Eder Hernandez, Pablo Barniol, and Genaro Zavala

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020117 (2021) - Published 13 September, 2021

Students often adopt phrases used by physics instructors without understanding the underlying concepts.

Policy recommendations from causal inference in physics education research

M. B. Weissman

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020118 (2021) - Published 15 September, 2021

The field of physics education research should be more rigorous in creating causal conclusions in quantitative data analyses.

Investigating graduate student reasoning on a conceptual entropy questionnaire

Nathan Crossette, Michael Vignal, and Bethany R. Wilcox

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020119 (2021) - Published 20 September, 2021

Physics graduate students commonly think about entropy in relationship to a number of states, even in situations where such a connection is not directly relevant.

Validity of Force Concept Inventory evaluated by students’ explanations and confirmation using modified item response curve

Yoshihiko Shoji, Shuji Munejiri, and Eiko Kaga

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020120 (2021) - Published 20 September, 2021

Question 29 of the Force Concept Inventory requires an understanding of air pressure and may not be a good measure of student understanding of forces in certain contexts.

Values affirmation replication at the University of Illinois

Brianne Gutmann and Tim Stelzer

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020121 (2021) - Published 20 September, 2021

A replication experiment involving values affirmation in introductory physics failed to reproduce positive results.

Student knowledge integration in learning mechanical wave propagation

Li Xie, Qiaoyi Liu, Hui Lu, Qingyong Wang, Jing Han, XiuMei Feng, and Lei Bao

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020122 (2021) - Published 21 September, 2021

Instruction focused on developing expertlike knowledge structures significantly improved students’ performance on assessment questions that require deep understanding.

Development of a two-tier instrument on simple electric circuits

Lana Ivanjek, Louisa Morris, Thomas Schubatzky, Martin Hopf, Jan-Philipp Burde, Claudia Haagen-Schützenhöfer, Liza Dopatka, Verena Spatz, and Thomas Wilhelm

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020123 (2021) - Published 24 September, 2021

Development and validation of a concept inventory for simple electric circuits suitable for middle-school students.

Perceived irrelevance and achievement goals: Two mindset variables within attitudinal experiences of life science majors in introductory physics

Andrew J. Mason

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020124 (2021) - Published 29 September, 2021

Students who perceive that an introductory physics course is relevant to their major will experience more expertlike shifts than students who do not.

Transforming the preparation of physics graduate teaching assistants: Curriculum development

Emily Alicea-Muñoz, Carol Subiño Sullivan, and Michael F. Schatz

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020125 (2021) - Published 30 September, 2021

An example of an evidence-based physics graduate teaching assistant preparation course for first-year PhD students.

Inventory for the assessment of representational competence of vector fields

Stefan Küchemann, Sarah Malone, Peter Edelsbrunner, Andreas Lichtenberger, Elsbeth Stern, Ralph Schumacher, Roland Brünken, Andreas Vaterlaus, and Jochen Kuhn

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020126 (2021) - Published 1 October, 2021

The Representational Competence of Fields Inventory (RCFI) consists of 16 items to assess student understanding of the conventions of interpreting field lines and vector-field plots.

Replicating analyses of item response curves using data from the Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation

Connor J. Richardson, Trevor I. Smith, and Paul J. Walter

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020127 (2021) - Published 1 October, 2021

Physics educators can better understand student preinstruction thinking by using item response curves rather than just correct versus incorrect responses.

Restructuring physics labs to cultivate sense of student agency

Z. Yasemin Kalender, Emily Stump, Katelynn Hubenig, and N. G. Holmes

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020128 (2021) - Published 1 October, 2021

Instructors can better support student agency and choice by transforming physics labs to be more open ended and experimentation focused.

Physics Inventory of Quantitative Literacy: A tool for assessing mathematical reasoning in introductory physics

Suzanne White Brahmia, Alexis Olsho, Trevor I. Smith, Andrew Boudreaux, Philip Eaton, and Charlotte Zimmerman

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020129 (2021) - Published 13 October, 2021

The physics inventory of quantitative literacy is a 20-item instrument to assess quantitative reasoning in introductory physics contexts.

Effects of emergency remote instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic on university physics students in Italy

Irene Marzoli, Arturo Colantonio, Claudio Fazio, Marco Giliberti, Umberto Scotti di Uccio, and Italo Testa

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020130 (2021) - Published 13 October, 2021

The transition to remote instruction during COVID-19 negatively impacted students’ motivation, academic orientation, and attitude towards physics.

Frequent small group interactions improve student learning gains in physics: Results from a nationally representative pre-post study of four-year colleges

Miguel Rodriguez and Geoff Potvin

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020131 (2021) - Published 20 October, 2021

Introductory physics students who reported working in small groups during every class had greater conceptual learning gains than students who did not.

Why and how teachers use nature of science in teaching quantum physics: Research on the use of an ecological teaching intervention in upper secondary schools

H. K. E. Stadermann and M. J. Goedhart

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020132 (2021) - Published 2 November, 2021

Experienced secondary teachers are able to incorporate nature of science content into their quantum physics lessons when provided with appropriate instructional materials.

Teaching strategies predict instructors’ perceptions of their effectiveness in engaging students in introductory physics for life sciences courses

Ellen Altermatt, Raluca Teodorescu, and Ellen R. Iverson

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020133 (2021) - Published 8 November, 2021

Introductory physics for life sciences courses frequently include lab activities relevant to life science disciplines are more likely to successfully engage student majoring in life science disciplines than those that do not.

Informal physics programs as communities of practice: How can programs support university students’ identities?

Brean Prefontaine, Claire Mullen, Jonna Jasmin Güven, Caleb Rispler, Callie Rethman, Shane D. Bergin, Kathleen Hinko, and Claudia Fracchiolla

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020134 (2021) - Published 12 November, 2021

Involving physics students in public engagement with local communities contributes positively to their physics identity development.

Exploring the introductory physics classroom through the lens of intellectual humility: Handling what you do not know

Meagan Sundstrom and Fabiana Cardetti

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020135 (2021) - Published 12 November, 2021

Fostering classroom environments in which students are willing to position themselves as not knowing increases opportunities for productive and authentic scientific work.

Characterizing active learning environments in physics using network analysis and classroom observations

Kelley Commeford, Eric Brewe, and Adrienne Traxler

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020136 (2021) - Published 22 November, 2021

The COPUS classroom observation tool may not have sufficient categories for different types of student group work to be able to distinguish between several prominent PER-based curricula.

Exploring and supporting student reasoning in physics by leveraging dual-process theories of reasoning and decision making

J. Caleb Speirs, MacKenzie R. Stetzer, Beth A. Lindsey, and Mila Kryjevskaia

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020137 (2021) - Published 24 November, 2021

In a problem-solving context where students’ initial ideas are likely to be incorrect, providing information refuting the incorrect ideas improves performance, but only for students who possess the correct conceptual understanding.

Damage caused by societal stereotypes: Women have lower physics self-efficacy controlling for grade even in courses in which they outnumber men

Sonja Cwik and Chandralekha Singh

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020138 (2021) - Published 29 November, 2021

Societal stereotypes and biases suggesting that men are better at physics likely contribute to the gender gap in physics self-efficacy even in physics courses where women outnumber men.

Multidimensional item response theory and the Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment

John Hansen and John Stewart

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020139 (2021) - Published 30 November, 2021

The Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism and the Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment measure similar conceptual domains with different coverage and with items of different intellectual complexity.

Gender inequity in individual participation within physics and science, technology, engineering, and math courses

Alessandra M. York, Angela Fink, Siera M. Stoen, Elise M. Walck-Shannon, Christopher M. Wally, Jia Luo, Jessica D. Young, and Regina F. Frey

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020140 (2021) - Published 2 December, 2021

Active-learning instructional strategies are necessary but not sufficient to support gender equitable participation in introductory courses.

Impact of problem context on students’ concept definition of an expectation value

Benjamin P. Schermerhorn, Homeyra Sadaghiani, Anise E. Mansour, Steven Pollock, and Gina Passante

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020141 (2021) - Published 3 December, 2021

Students’ definitions of an expectation value are influenced by whether the problem context involves continuous or discrete observables.

Students’ difficulties with solving bound and scattering state problems in quantum mechanics

Tao Tu, Chuan-Feng Li, Jin-Shi Xu, and Guang-Can Guo

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020142 (2021) - Published 14 December, 2021

In upper level quantum mechanics courses, the typical process of devoting significant time to the example of a finite square potential well does not provide students with sufficient mastery of the relevant physics concepts and mathematical techniques to solve new problems.

How perception of learning environment predicts male and female students’ grades and motivational outcomes in algebra-based introductory physics courses

Sonja Cwik and Chandralekha Singh

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020143 (2021) - Published 20 December, 2021

Instructors can improve introductory course outcomes by shaping the learning environment to foster student’s sense of belonging, perceived recognition, and interactions with peers.

Data sharing model for physics education research using the 70 000 response Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey for Experimental Physics dataset

John M. Aiken and H. J. Lewandowski

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 020144 (2021) - Published 20 December, 2021

Free and open sharing of data supports validation of results, increases the value of investments in scientific research, and helps to democratize the field.

REVIEW ARTICLES

Teaching and learning special relativity theory in secondary and lower undergraduate education: A literature review

Paul Alstein, Kim Krijtenburg-Lewerissa, and Wouter R. van Joolingen

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 023101 (2021) - Published 12 July, 2021

Difficulties in understanding and applying relativistic effects are often the result of difficulties in understanding the postulates on which they are based, as well as poor prerequisite knowledge about the use of frames of reference.

SHORT PAPERS

Challenges and opportunities for informal physics learning in the COVID era

Michael B. Bennett, Kathleen A. Hinko, and Dena Izadi

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 023102 (2021) - Published 13 July, 2021

Informal physics education programs that successfully adapted during COVID-19 have institutional flexibility and strong, ongoing support.

Transitioning to online instruction: Strong ties and anxiety

Eric Brewe, Adrienne Traxler, and Sarah Scanlin

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 023103 (2021) - Published 22 July, 2021

Many faculty adaptations to the unfamiliar instructional setting caused by COVID-19 disruptions focused on supporting students and offering multiple ways for students to succeed in the crisis.

In-class hierarchical team model as a no-cost strategy to improve student success: Integrated peer leadership program

Eliza J. Morris, Mikkel Herholdt Jensen, and Sayonita Ghosh Hajra

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 023104 (2021) - Published 30 August, 2021

The integrated peer leadership program model is a low cost strategy that can decrease low course rates and reduce the gap between students in introductory physics courses.

Preliminary development of a simple statistical tool for estimating mental model states from a diagnostic test

Alexander Volfson, Haim Eshach, and Yuval Ben-Abu

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 023105 (2021) - Published 13 September, 2021

Using the sound concept inventory instrument as a case study for the development of a relatively simple statistic to estimate the mental model state of students between two possible states.

REVIEW ARTICLES

Disciplinary significance of social caring in postsecondary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

Lara Appleby, Vesal Dini, Lily Withington, Ellise LaMotte, and David Hammer

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 023106 (2021) - Published 22 September, 2021

Students that feel cared for by their instructor have a stronger disciplinary engagement with the physics course content.

Possible misconceptions about solid friction

Hasan Şahin Kızılcık, Müge Aygün, Esin Şahin, Nuray Önder-Çelikkanlı, Osman Türk, Tuğba Taşkın, and Bilal Güneş

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 023107 (2021) - Published 12 November, 2021

The most common misconception about friction found in a review of many articles is that friction is always in the opposite direction of the motion.

Effect of integrating physics education technology simulations on students’ conceptual understanding in physics: A review of literature

Herbert James Banda and Joseph Nzabahimana

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 17, 023108 (2021) - Published 21 December, 2021

A literature review that spans many countries and educational systems found that PhET simulations are effective at developing students’ conceptual understanding of many physics topics.

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