Volume 99, Issue 16

19 October 2007

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On the Cover

Time-resolved shadowgraphs of material ejection after a femtosecond laser pulse strikes an aluminum target (right). A stripe pattern emerges, signaling explosive boiling. See article 167602 and Physical Review Focus story and video at Physical Review Focus.

From the article:

Time-Resolved Shadowgraphs of Material Ejection in Intense Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Aluminum
Nan Zhang, Xiaonong Zhu, Jianjun Yang, Xiaolei Wang, and Mingwei Wang
Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 167602 (2007)

HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

Time-Resolved Shadowgraphs of Material Ejection in Intense Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Aluminum

Nan Zhang, Xiaonong Zhu, Jianjun Yang, Xiaolei Wang, and Mingwei Wang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 167602 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Elastic Knots

B. Audoly, N. Clauvelin, and S. Neukirch

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 164301 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Electronic Transport and Quantum Hall Effect in Bipolar Graphene $p − n − p$ Junctions

Barbaros Özyilmaz, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Dmitri Efetov, Dmitry A. Abanin, Leonid S. Levitov, and Philip Kim

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166804 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Bounds on the Speed of Information Propagation in Disordered Quantum Spin Chains

Christian K. Burrell and Tobias J. Osborne

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 167201 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Strain-Gradient-Induced Polarization in ${SrTiO}_{3}$ Single Crystals

P. Zubko, G. Catalan, A. Buckley, P. R. L. Welche, and J. F. Scott

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 167601 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

LETTERS

General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc.

Topological Phase for Spin-Orbit Transformations on a Laser Beam

C. E. R. Souza, J. A. O. Huguenin, P. Milman, and A. Z. Khoury

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 160401 (2007) - Published 15 October, 2007

Spectroscopic Signatures of Nonequilibrium Pairing in Atomic Fermi Gases

M. Dzero, E. A. Yuzbashyan, B. L. Altshuler, and P. Coleman

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 160402 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Strongly Correlated States of Ultracold Rotating Dipolar Fermi Gases

Klaus Osterloh, Nuria Barberán, and Maciej Lewenstein

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 160403 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

Typicality for Generalized Microcanonical Ensembles

Peter Reimann

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 160404 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Stationary and Nonstationary Fluid Flow of a Bose-Einstein Condensate Through a Penetrable Barrier

P. Engels and C. Atherton

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 160405 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Effective Spin Systems in Coupled Microcavities

Michael J. Hartmann, Fernando G. S. L. Brandão, and Martin B. Plenio

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 160501 (2007) - Published 15 October, 2007

Non-Markovian Effects on the Dynamics of Entanglement

B. Bellomo, R. Lo Franco, and G. Compagno

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 160502 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

Quantum Thermal Transport from Classical Molecular Dynamics

Jian-Sheng Wang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 160601 (2007) - Published 15 October, 2007

Leapover Lengths and First Passage Time Statistics for Lévy Flights

Tal Koren, Michael A. Lomholt, Aleksei V. Chechkin, Joseph Klafter, and Ralf Metzler

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 160602 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Optical Dilution and Feedback Cooling of a Gram-Scale Oscillator to 6.9 mK

Thomas Corbitt, Christopher Wipf, Timothy Bodiya, David Ottaway, Daniel Sigg, Nicolas Smith, Stanley Whitcomb, and Nergis Mavalvala

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 160801 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Gravitation and Astrophysics

Loop-Quantum-Gravity Vertex Amplitude

Jonathan Engle, Roberto Pereira, and Carlo Rovelli

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 161301 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Vacuum Sampling in the Landscape during Inflation

Hooman Davoudiasl, Saswat Sarangi, and Gary Shiu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 161302 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Elementary Particles and Fields

Enhanced Brane Tunneling and Instanton Wrinkles

Adam R. Brown, Saswat Sarangi, Benjamin Shlaer, and Amanda Weltman

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 161601 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

Nonlattice Simulation for Supersymmetric Gauge Theories in One Dimension

Masanori Hanada, Jun Nishimura, and Shingo Takeuchi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 161602 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Direct Experimental Limit on Neutron–Mirror-Neutron Oscillations

G. Ban, K. Bodek, M. Daum, R. Henneck, S. Heule, M. Kasprzak, N. Khomutov, K. Kirch, S. Kistryn, A. Knecht, P. Knowles, M. Kuźniak, T. Lefort, A. Mtchedlishvili, O. Naviliat-Cuncic, C. Plonka, G. Quéméner, M. Rebetez, D. Rebreyend, S. Roccia, G. Rogel, M. Tur, A. Weis, J. Zejma, and G. Zsigmond

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 161603 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Insensitivity of Leptogenesis with Flavor Effects to Low Energy Leptonic $C P$ Violation

Sacha Davidson, Julia Garayoa, Federica Palorini, and Nuria Rius

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 161801 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Measurements of $C P$ -Violating Asymmetries in the Decay $B^{0} \to K^{+} K^{-} K^{0}$

B. Aubert et al. (BABAR Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 161802 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Strong and Electroweak Corrections to the Production of a $Higgs Boson + 2 Jets$ via Weak Interactions at the Large Hadron Collider

M. Ciccolini, A. Denner, and S. Dittmaier

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 161803 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Search for Fractional-Charge Particles in Meteoritic Material

Peter C. Kim, Eric R. Lee, Irwin T. Lee, Martin L. Perl, Valerie Halyo, and Dinesh Loomba

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 161804 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Nuclear Physics

$Z = 50$ Shell Gap near ${}^{100}{Sn}$ from Intermediate-Energy Coulomb Excitations in Even-Mass ${}^{106 - 112}{Sn}$ Isotopes

C. Vaman, C. Andreoiu, D. Bazin, A. Becerril, B. A. Brown, C. M. Campbell, A. Chester, J. M. Cook, D. C. Dinca, A. Gade, D. Galaviz, T. Glasmacher, M. Hjorth-Jensen, M. Horoi, D. Miller, V. Moeller, W. F. Mueller, A. Schiller, K. Starosta, A. Stolz, J. R. Terry, A. Volya, V. Zelevinsky, and H. Zwahlen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 162501 (2007) - Published 15 October, 2007

Crystal Blocking Measurements of the Time Delay of Fission Induced by ${}^{32}S$ , ${}^{48}{Ti}$ , and ${}^{58}{Ni}$ Bombardment of W

J. U. Andersen, J. Chevallier, J. S. Forster, S. A. Karamian, C. R. Vane, J. R. Beene, A. Galindo-Uribarri, J. Gomez del Campo, H. F. Krause, E. Padilla-Rodal, D. Radford, C. Broude, F. Malaguti, and A. Uguzzoni

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 162502 (2007) - Published 15 October, 2007

Isotopic Dependence of the Giant Monopole Resonance in the Even- $A$ ${}^{112 - 124}{Sn}$ Isotopes and the Asymmetry Term in Nuclear Incompressibility

T. Li et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 162503 (2007) - Published 15 October, 2007

Spin Projection in the Shell Model Monte Carlo Method and the Spin Distribution of Nuclear Level Densities

Y. Alhassid, S. Liu, and H. Nakada

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 162504 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Coherent Ultrafast Core-Hole Correlation Spectroscopy: X-Ray Analogues of Multidimensional NMR

Igor V. Schweigert and Shaul Mukamel

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 163001 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Quantum Control of the Hyperfine Spin of a Cs Atom Ensemble

Souma Chaudhury, Seth Merkel, Tobias Herr, Andrew Silberfarb, Ivan H. Deutsch, and Poul S. Jessen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 163002 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Radiative Electron Capture to the Continuum and the Short-Wavelength Limit of Electron-Nucleus Bremsstrahlung in $90 A MeV$ $U^{88 +} (1 s^{2} 2 s^{2}) + N_{2}$ Collisions

M. Nofal, S. Hagmann, Th. Stöhlker, D. H. Jakubassa-Amundsen, Ch. Kozhuharov, X. Wang, A. Gumberidze, U. Spillmann, R. Reuschl, S. Hess, S. Trotsenko, D. Banas, F. Bosch, D. Liesen, R. Moshammer, J. Ullrich, R. Dörner, M. Steck, F. Nolden, P. Beller, H. Rothard, K. Beckert, and B. Franczak

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 163201 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Evidence for Coherent Collective Rydberg Excitation in the Strong Blockade Regime

Rolf Heidemann, Ulrich Krohn, Vera Bendkowsky, Björn Butscher, Robert Löw, Luis Santos, and Tilman Pfau

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 163601 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Cold-Atom Physics Using Ultrathin Optical Fibers: Light-Induced Dipole Forces and Surface Interactions

G. Sagué, E. Vetsch, W. Alt, D. Meschede, and A. Rauschenbeutel

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 163602 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Effective Fields in Laser-Driven Electron Recollision and Charge Localization

Stefanie Gräfe and Misha Yu. Ivanov

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 163603 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Efficient Generation of Large Number-Path Entanglement Using Only Linear Optics and Feed-Forward

Hugo Cable and Jonathan P. Dowling

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 163604 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc.

Optical Rankine Vortex and Anomalous Circulation of Light

Grover A. Swartzlander, Jr. and Raul I. Hernandez-Aranda

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 163901 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Lyapunov Spectral Gap and Branch Splitting of Lyapunov Modes in a Diatomic System

Hong-liu Yang and Günter Radons

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 164101 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Elastic Knots

B. Audoly, N. Clauvelin, and S. Neukirch

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 164301 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Coexistence of Weak and Strong Wave Turbulence in a Swell Propagation

V. E. Zakharov, A. O. Korotkevich, A. Pushkarev, and D. Resio

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 164501 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Suppression of Turbulence by Self-Generated and Imposed Mean Flows

M. G. Shats, H. Xia, H. Punzmann, and G. Falkovich

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 164502 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Purely Elastic Flow Asymmetries

R. J. Poole, M. A. Alves, and P. J. Oliveira

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 164503 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Plasma and Beam Physics

Benchmarking of Electro-Optic Monitors for Femtosecond Electron Bunches

G. Berden, W. A. Gillespie, S. P. Jamison, E.-A. Knabbe, A. M. MacLeod, A. F. G. van der Meer, P. J. Phillips, H. Schlarb, B. Schmidt, P. Schmüser, and B. Steffen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 164801 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

Negative Specific Heat in a Quasi-2D Generalized Vorticity Model

T. D. Andersen and C. C. Lim

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 165001 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

Detection of High-Energy Gamma Rays from Winter Thunderclouds

H. Tsuchiya, T. Enoto, S. Yamada, T. Yuasa, M. Kawaharada, T. Kitaguchi, M. Kokubun, H. Kato, M. Okano, S. Nakamura, and K. Makishima

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 165002 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

Dynamical Study of Femtosecond-Laser-Ablated Liquid-Aluminum Nanoparticles Using Spatiotemporally Resolved X-Ray-Absorption Fine-Structure Spectroscopy

Katsuya Oguri, Yasuaki Okano, Tadashi Nishikawa, and Hidetoshi Nakano

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 165003 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.

Effect of Carbon Adsorption on the Isomer Stability of ${Ir}_{4}$ Clusters

Vladan Stevanović, Željko Šljivančanin, and Alfonso Baldereschi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 165501 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Threshold Crack Speed Controls Dynamical Fracture of Silicon Single Crystals

Markus J. Buehler, Harvey Tang, Adri C. T. van Duin, and William A. Goddard, III

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 165502 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Study of Local Structure and Atomic Correlations of Tellurium Nanoparticles

Hiroyuki Ikemoto and Takafumi Miyanaga

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 165503 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Effect of the Spin-Orbit Interaction on the Thermodynamic Properties of Crystals: Specific Heat of Bismuth

L. E. Díaz-Sánchez, A. H. Romero, M. Cardona, R. K. Kremer, and X. Gonze

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 165504 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Pure Iron Compressed and Heated to Extreme Conditions

A. S. Mikhaylushkin, S. I. Simak, L. Dubrovinsky, N. Dubrovinskaia, B. Johansson, and I. A. Abrikosov

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 165505 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Reverse Roughening Transition in Carbon Dioxide

Valentina M. Giordano and Frédéric Datchi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 165701 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

Concerted Diffusion, Clustering, and Magnetic Properties of Mn Dopants on a $2 \times 2 − T_{4}$ GaN(0001) Substrate

Shiqiang Hao and Zhenyu Zhang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166101 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

Evidence for Contact Delocalization in Atomic Scale Friction

D. G. Abel, S. Yu. Krylov, and J. W. M. Frenken

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166102 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Evidence of Sn Adatoms Quantum Tunneling at the $α − Sn / Si (111)$ Surface

Fabio Ronci, Stefano Colonna, Antonio Cricenti, and Guy Le Lay

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166103 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.

van der Waals Interactions between Thin Metallic Wires and Layers

N. D. Drummond and R. J. Needs

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166401 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Spin Gap and Luttinger Liquid Description of the NMR Relaxation in Carbon Nanotubes

Balázs Dóra, Miklós Gulácsi, Ferenc Simon, and Hans Kuzmany

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166402 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

Three-Dimensional Tomography of the Beryllium Fermi Surface: Surface Charge Redistribution

I. Vobornik, J. Fujii, M. Hochstrasser, D. Krizmancic, C. E. Viol, G. Panaccione, S. Fabris, S. Baroni, and G. Rossi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166403 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

Electrical Control of the Direction of Spin Accumulation

Takashi Kimura, YoshiChika Otani, and Peter M. Levy

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166601 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Effect of Electron Interaction on Statistics of Conductance Oscillations in Open Quantum Dots: Does the Dephasing Time Saturate?

S. Ihnatsenka and I. V. Zozoulenko

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166801 (2007) - Published 15 October, 2007

Coulomb Impurity Problem in Graphene

Vitor M. Pereira, Johan Nilsson, and A. H. Castro Neto

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166802 (2007) - Published 15 October, 2007

Coulomb Blockade in Graphene Nanoribbons

F. Sols, F. Guinea, and A. H. Castro Neto

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166803 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Electronic Transport and Quantum Hall Effect in Bipolar Graphene $p − n − p$ Junctions

Barbaros Özyilmaz, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Dmitri Efetov, Dmitry A. Abanin, Leonid S. Levitov, and Philip Kim

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166804 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

Universal Periods in Quantum Hall Droplets

Gregory A. Fiete, Gil Refael, and Matthew P. A. Fisher

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 166805 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Pauli Paramagnetic Effects on Vortices in Superconducting ${TmNi}_{2} B_{2} C$

L. DeBeer-Schmitt, M. R. Eskildsen, M. Ichioka, K. Machida, N. Jenkins, C. D. Dewhurst, A. B. Abrahamsen, S. L. Bud’ko, and P. C. Canfield

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 167001 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Anomalous Metallic State of ${Cu}_{0.07} {TiSe}_{2}$ : An Optical Spectroscopy Study

G. Li, W. Z. Hu, J. Dong, D. Qian, D. Hsieh, M. Z. Hasan, E. Morosan, R. J. Cava, and N. L. Wang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 167002 (2007) - Published 17 October, 2007

Bifurcation Diagram and Pattern Formation of Phase Slip Centers in Superconducting Wires Driven with Electric Currents

J. Rubinstein, P. Sternberg, and Q. Ma

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 167003 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Bounds on the Speed of Information Propagation in Disordered Quantum Spin Chains

Christian K. Burrell and Tobias J. Osborne

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 167201 (2007) - Published 16 October, 2007

Dynamic Vortex-Antivortex Interaction in a Single Cross-Tie Wall

K. Kuepper, M. Buess, J. Raabe, C. Quitmann, and J. Fassbender

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 167202 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Impurity Clustering and Ferromagnetic Interactions that are not Carrier Induced in Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors: The Case of ${Cu}_{2} O ∶ Co$

Hannes Raebiger, Stephan Lany, and Alex Zunger

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 167203 (2007) - Published 18 October, 2007

Visible Fluorescence Induced by the Metal Semiconductor Transition in Composites of Carbon Nanotubes with Noble Metal Nanoparticles

Chandramouli Subramaniam, T. S. Sreeprasad, T. Pradeep, G. V. Pavan Kumar, Chandrabhas Narayana, T. Yajima, Y. Sugawara, Hirofumi Tanaka, Takuji Ogawa, and J. Chakrabarti

Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 167404 (2007) - Published 19 October, 2007

EDITORS' SUGGESTION