Volume 91, Issue 21

21 November 2003

Browse Issues:

On the Cover

Reconstruction of sunspot activity since 850 AD from ¹⁰Be concentration in Antarctic (red) and Greenland (green) ice cores. The black line starting at 1610 shows recorded sunspot counts, and the horizontal bars point to various minima & maxima. This 3-fold extension of the sunspot record into the past reveals that the high solar activity since 1940 is unique over the past 1,150 years.

From the article:

Millennium-Scale Sunspot Number Reconstruction: Evidence for an Unusually Active Sun since the 1940s
Ilya G. Usoskin, Sami K. Solanki, Manfred Schüssler, Kalevi Mursula, and Katja Alanko
Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 211101 (2003)

LETTERS

General Physics

Quantum States far from the Energy Eigenstates of Any Local Hamiltonian

Henry L. Haselgrove, Michael A. Nielsen, and Tobias J. Osborne

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 210401 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Formation of Quantum-Degenerate Sodium Molecules

K. Xu, T. Mukaiyama, J. R. Abo-Shaeer, J. K. Chin, D. E. Miller, and W. Ketterle

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 210402 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Decoherence and the Loschmidt Echo

F. M. Cucchietti, D. A. R. Dalvit, J. P. Paz, and W. H. Zurek

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 210403 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Shortcut to a Fermi-Degenerate Gas of Molecules via Cooperative Association

Olavi Dannenberg, Matt Mackie, and Kalle-Antti Suominen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 210404 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Classical Chaos with Bose-Einstein Condensates in Tilted Optical Lattices

Quentin Thommen, Jean Claude Garreau, and Véronique Zehnlé

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 210405 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Two-State Theory of Nonlinear Stochastic Resonance

Jesús Casado-Pascual, José Gómez-Ordóñez, Manuel Morillo, and Peter Hänggi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 210601 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Gravitation and Astrophysics

Millennium-Scale Sunspot Number Reconstruction: Evidence for an Unusually Active Sun since the 1940s

Ilya G. Usoskin, Sami K. Solanki, Manfred Schüssler, Kalevi Mursula, and Katja Alanko

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 211101 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Constructing Phantom Cosmologies from Standard Scalar Field Universes

Luis P. Chimento and Ruth Lazkoz

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 211301 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Elementary Particles and Fields

$J / ψ$ Polarization in 800-GeV $p − C u$ Interactions

T. H. Chang et al. (FNAL E866/NuSea Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 211801 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

$B^{0} − {\bar{B}}^{0}$ Mixing in Unquenched Lattice QCD

S. Aoki, M. Fukugita, S. Hashimoto, K-I. Ishikawa, N. Ishizuka, Y. Iwasaki, K. Kanaya, T. Kaneko, Y. Kuramashi, M. Okawa, T. Onogi, N. Tsutsui, A. Ukawa, N. Yamada, and T. Yoshié (JLQCD Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 212001 (2003) - Published 18 November, 2003

Nuclear Physics

Chiral Solitons in Nuclei: Saturation, EMC Effect, and Drell-Yan Experiments

Jason R. Smith and Gerald A. Miller

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 212301 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Charge Symmetry Breaking in $n p \to d π^{0}$

A. K. Opper, E. Korkmaz, D. A. Hutcheon, R. Abegg, C. A. Davis, R. W. Finlay, P. W. Green, L. G. Greeniaus, D. V. Jordan, J. A. Niskanen, G. V. O’Rielly, T. A. Porcelli, S. D. Reitzner, P. L. Walden, and S. Yen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 212302 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Schiff Moment of the Mercury Nucleus and the Proton Dipole Moment

V. F. Dmitriev and R. A. Sen’kov

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 212303 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Creation and Measurement of a Coherent Superposition of Quantum States

Frank Vewinger, Manfred Heinz, Ruth Garcia Fernandez, Nikolay V. Vitanov, and Klaas Bergmann

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213001 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Coherence Properties and Quantum State Transportation in an Optical Conveyor Belt

S. Kuhr, W. Alt, D. Schrader, I. Dotsenko, Y. Miroshnychenko, W. Rosenfeld, M. Khudaverdyan, V. Gomer, A. Rauschenbeutel, and D. Meschede

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213002 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Doppler Effect in Resonant Photoemission from ${S F}_{6}$ : Correlation between Doppler Profile and Auger Emission Anisotropy

M. Kitajima, K. Ueda, A. De Fanis, T. Furuta, H. Shindo, H. Tanaka, K. Okada, R. Feifel, S. L. Sorensen, F. Gel’mukhanov, A. Baev, and H. Ågren

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213003 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Forbidden Transitions in a Magneto-Optical Trap

M. Bhattacharya, C. Haimberger, and N. P. Bigelow

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213004 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Complete Chemical Transformation of a Molecular Film by Subexcitation Electrons ( $< 3 e V$ )

Richard Balog and Eugen Illenberger

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213201 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Conditional Preparation of a Quantum State in the Continuous Variable Regime: Generation of a sub-Poissonian State from Twin Beams

J. Laurat, T. Coudreau, N. Treps, A. Maître, and C. Fabre

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213601 (2003) - Published 18 November, 2003

Vacuum-Field Level Shifts in a Single Trapped Ion Mediated by a Single Distant Mirror

M. A. Wilson, P. Bushev, J. Eschner, F. Schmidt-Kaler, C. Becher, R. Blatt, and U. Dorner

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213602 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc.

Multichannel Optical Add-Drop Processes in Symmetrical Waveguide-Resonator Systems

Wei Jiang and Ray T. Chen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213901 (2003) - Published 17 November, 2003

Light Exiting from Real Photonic Band Gap Crystals is Diffuse and Strongly Directional

A. Femius Koenderink and Willem L. Vos

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213902 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Ultrafast Optical Switching in Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

D. A. Mazurenko, R. Kerst, J. I. Dijkhuis, A. V. Akimov, V. G. Golubev, D. A. Kurdyukov, A. B. Pevtsov, and A. V. Sel’kin

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213903 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Multifrequency Gap Solitons in Nonlinear Photonic Crystals

Ping Xie and Zhao-Qing Zhang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213904 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Effects of Carrier-Envelope Phase Differences of Few-Optical-Cycle Light Pulses in Single-Shot High-Order-Harmonic Spectra

M. Nisoli, G. Sansone, S. Stagira, S. De Silvestri, C. Vozzi, M. Pascolini, L. Poletto, P. Villoresi, and G. Tondello

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213905 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Two-Dimensional Optical Lattice Solitons

Nikolaos K. Efremidis, Jared Hudock, Demetrios N. Christodoulides, Jason W. Fleischer, Oren Cohen, and Mordechai Segev

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213906 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Doubly Resonant IR-UV Sum-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy on Molecular Chirality

M. A. Belkin and Y. R. Shen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213907 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Physical Mechanism of the Two-Dimensional Enstrophy Cascade

Shiyi Chen, Robert E. Ecke, Gregory L. Eyink, Xin Wang, and Zuoli Xiao

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 214501 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Lagrangian Velocity Statistics in Turbulent Flows: Effects of Dissipation

L. Chevillard, S. G. Roux, E. Levêque, N. Mordant, J.-F. Pinton, and A. Arneodo

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 214502 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Plasma and Beam Physics

First Spin Flipping of a Stored Spin-1 Polarized Beam

V. S. Morozov, Z. B. Etienne, M. C. Kandes, A. D. Krisch, M. A. Leonova, D. W. Sivers, V. K. Wong, K. Yonehara, V. A. Anferov, H. O. Meyer, P. Schwandt, E. J. Stephenson, and B. von Przewoski

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 214801 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Energetic Protons from a Few-Micron Metallic Foil Evaporated by an Intense Laser Pulse

K. Matsukado et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 215001 (2003) - Published 18 November, 2003

Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.

Liquid Crystal Orientation Transition on Microtextured Substrates

Baoshe Zhang, Fuk Kay Lee, Ophelia K. C. Tsui, and Ping Sheng

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 215501 (2003) - Published 18 November, 2003

Large Structural Modulations in Incommensurate Te-III and Se-IV

C. Hejny and M. I. McMahon

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 215502 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Hydrogen Bonding in Water

Bin Chen, Ivaylo Ivanov, Michael L. Klein, and Michele Parrinello

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 215503 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Highly Charged Clusters of Fullerenes: Charge Mobility and Appearance Sizes

B. Manil, L. Maunoury, B. A. Huber, J. Jensen, H. T. Schmidt, H. Zettergren, H. Cederquist, S. Tomita, and P. Hvelplund

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 215504 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Nonlinear Mechanical Response and Rippling of Thick Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

M. Arroyo and T. Belytschko

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 215505 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Reconstructing Complex Materials via Effective Grain Shapes

C. H. Arns, M. A. Knackstedt, and K. R. Mecke

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 215506 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Crack Street: The Cycloidal Wake of a Cylinder Tearing through a Thin Sheet

A. Ghatak and L. Mahadevan

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 215507 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Hot and Solid Gallium Clusters: Too Small to Melt

Gary A. Breaux, Robert C. Benirschke, Toshiki Sugai, Brian S. Kinnear, and Martin F. Jarrold

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 215508 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Dewetting near the Glass Transition: Transition from a Capillary Force Dominated to a Dissipation Dominated Regime

Pascal Damman, Nancy Baudelet, and Günter Reiter

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 216101 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.

Covalent and Reversible Short-Range Electrostatic Imaging in Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy

Peter Dieška, Ivan Štich, and Rubén Pérez

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 216401 (2003) - Published 18 November, 2003

Angle-Resolved Mapping of the Fermi Velocity in a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Organic Conductor

A. E. Kovalev, S. Hill, K. Kawano, M. Tamura, T. Naito, and H. Kobayashi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 216402 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Unification of the Hole Transport in Polymeric Field-Effect Transistors and Light-Emitting Diodes

C. Tanase, E. J. Meijer, P. W. M. Blom, and D. M. de Leeuw

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 216601 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Very Large Magnetoresistance in Lateral Ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As Wires with Nanoconstrictions

C. Rüster, T. Borzenko, C. Gould, G. Schmidt, L. W. Molenkamp, X. Liu, T. J. Wojtowicz, J. K. Furdyna, Z. G. Yu, and M. E. Flatté

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 216602 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Observation of Non-Gaussian Conductance Fluctuations at Low Temperatures in Si:P(B) at the Metal-Insulator Transition

Swastik Kar, A. K. Raychaudhuri, Arindam Ghosh, H. v. Löhneysen, and G. Weiss

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 216603 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Curvature-Induced Metallization of Double-Walled Semiconducting Zigzag Carbon Nanotubes

Susumu Okada and Atsushi Oshiyama

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 216801 (2003) - Published 18 November, 2003

Critical Resistance in the AlAs Quantum Hall Ferromagnet

E. P. De Poortere, E. Tutuc, and M. Shayegan

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 216802 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Young’s Double-Slit Interference Observation of Hot Electrons in Semiconductors

Kazuhito Furuya, Yasunori Ninomiya, Nobuya Machida, and Yasuyuki Miyamoto

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 216803 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Scattering of Bunched Fractionally Charged Quasiparticles

Y. C. Chung, M. Heiblum, and V. Umansky

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 216804 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Observation of Bulk Superconductivity in ${N a}_{x} {C o O}_{2} \cdot y H_{2} O$ and ${N a}_{x} {C o O}_{2} \cdot y D_{2} O$ Powder and Single Crystals

R. Jin, B. C. Sales, P. Khalifah, and D. Mandrus

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 217001 (2003) - Published 21 November, 2003

Incommensurate Spin Density Waves in Iron Aluminides

D. R. Noakes, A. S. Arrott, M. G. Belk, S. C. Deevi, Q. Z. Huang, J. W. Lynn, R. D. Shull, and D. Wu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 217201 (2003) - Published 18 November, 2003

Exact Results for the Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Strong Coupling Ladder Compounds

Murray T. Batchelor, Xi-Wen Guan, Norman Oelkers, Kazumitsu Sakai, Zengo Tsuboi, and Angela Foerster

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 217202 (2003) - Published 19 November, 2003

Temperature Dependent Fluorescence in Disordered Frenkel Chains: Interplay of Equilibration and Local Band-Edge Level Structure

M. Bednarz, V. A. Malyshev, and J. Knoester

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 217401 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Lattice-Scale Domain Wall Dynamics in Ferroelectrics

Hongzhou Ma, Won-Jeong Kim, James S. Horwitz, Stephen W. Kirchoefer, and Jeremy Levy

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 217601 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003

Interdisciplinary Physics: Biological Physics, Quantum Information, etc.

ERRATA

Erratum: Half-Metallic Ferromagnetism and Structural Stability of Zincblende Phases of the Transition-Metal Chalcogenides [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 037204 (2003)]

Wen-Hui Xie, Ya-Qiong Xu, Bang-Gui Liu, and D. G. Pettifor

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 219901 (2003) - Published 18 November, 2003

Publisher’s Note: Rescattering Double Ionization of $D_{2}$ and $H_{2}$ by Intense Laser Pulses [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 163002 (2003)]

A. S. Alnaser, T. Osipov, E. P. Benis, A. Wech, B. Shan, C. L. Cocke, X. M. Tong, and C. D. Lin

Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 219902 (2003) - Published 20 November, 2003