Volume 103, Issue 7

14 August 2009

Browse Issues:

On the Cover

The beating tail of a swimming fish creates vortex rings (blue) in its wake. Predators detect their prey via such wake structures, which can persist for over one minute.

From the article:

Wake Tracking and the Detection of Vortex Rings by the Canal Lateral Line of Fish
Jan-Moritz P. Franosch, Hendrik J. A. Hagedorn, Julie Goulet, Jacob Engelmann, and J. Leo van Hemmen
Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 078102 (2009)

HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Observation of a Large Atomic Parity Violation Effect in Ytterbium

K. Tsigutkin, D. Dounas-Frazer, A. Family, J. E. Stalnaker, V. V. Yashchuk, and D. Budker

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 071601 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Calorimetric Observation of the Melting of Free Water Nanoparticles at Cryogenic Temperatures

C. Hock, M. Schmidt, R. Kuhnen, C. Bartels, L. Ma, H. Haberland, and B. v.Issendorff

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 073401 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Solution of the Phase Problem in the Theory of Structure Determination of Crystals from X-Ray Diffraction Experiments

Emil Wolf

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075501 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

LETTERS

General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc.

Collective States of Interacting Anyons, Edge States, and the Nucleation of Topological Liquids

Charlotte Gils, Eddy Ardonne, Simon Trebst, Andreas W. W. Ludwig, Matthias Troyer, and Zhenghan Wang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 070401 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

Lattice Interferometer for Laser-Cooled Atoms

Mikkel F. Andersen and Tycho Sleator

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 070402 (2009) - Published 11 August, 2009

Violation of Smooth Observable Macroscopic Realism in a Harmonic Oscillator

Amir Leshem and Omri Gat

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 070403 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Stabilization of the $p$ -Wave Superfluid State in an Optical Lattice

Y.-J. Han, Y.-H. Chan, W. Yi, A. J. Daley, S. Diehl, P. Zoller, and L.-M. Duan

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 070404 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Quantum Teamwork for Unconditional Multiparty Communication with Gaussian States

Jing Zhang, Gerardo Adesso, Changde Xie, and Kunchi Peng

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 070501 (2009) - Published 11 August, 2009

Quantum Computing with an Electron Spin Ensemble

J. H. Wesenberg, A. Ardavan, G. A. D. Briggs, J. J. L. Morton, R. J. Schoelkopf, D. I. Schuster, and K. Mølmer

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 070502 (2009) - Published 11 August, 2009

Operational Families of Entanglement Classes for Symmetric $N$ -Qubit States

T. Bastin, S. Krins, P. Mathonet, M. Godefroid, L. Lamata, and E. Solano

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 070503 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

A Strong Converse for Classical Channel Coding Using Entangled Inputs

Robert König and Stephanie Wehner

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 070504 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Gravitation and Astrophysics

Dynamical Collective Calculation of Supernova Neutrino Signals

Jérôme Gava, James Kneller, Cristina Volpe, and G. C. McLaughlin

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 071101 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Non-Gaussian Curvature Spikes from Chaotic Billiards in Inflation Preheating

J. Richard Bond, Andrei V. Frolov, Zhiqi Huang, and Lev Kofman

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 071301 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Elementary Particles and Fields

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Observation of a Large Atomic Parity Violation Effect in Ytterbium

K. Tsigutkin, D. Dounas-Frazer, A. Family, J. E. Stalnaker, V. V. Yashchuk, and D. Budker

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 071601 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

Testing New Indirect $C P$ Violation

Yuval Grossman, Yosef Nir, and Gilad Perez

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 071602 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Search for Resonant Pair Production of Neutral Long-Lived Particles Decaying to $b \bar{b}$ in $p \bar{p}$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV$

V. M. Abazov et al. (The D0 Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 071801 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Electroproduction of the $N^{*} (1535)$ Resonance at Large Momentum Transfer

V. M. Braun, M. Göckeler, R. Horsley, T. Kaltenbrunner, A. Lenz, Y. Nakamura, D. Pleiter, P. E. L. Rakow, J. Rohrwild, A. Schäfer, G. Schierholz, H. Stüben, N. Warkentin, and J. M. Zanotti

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 072001 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Probing the Nucleon’s Transversity and the Photon’s Distribution Amplitude in Lepton Pair Photoproduction

B. Pire and L. Szymanowski

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 072002 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Nuclear Physics

How Many Phases Meet at the Chiral Critical Point?

Dominik Nickel

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 072301 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Universal Decay Law in Charged-Particle Emission and Exotic Cluster Radioactivity

C. Qi, F. R. Xu, R. J. Liotta, and R. Wyss

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 072501 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

New Measurement of the ${}^{60}{Fe}$ Half-Life

G. Rugel, T. Faestermann, K. Knie, G. Korschinek, M. Poutivtsev, D. Schumann, N. Kivel, I. Günther-Leopold, R. Weinreich, and M. Wohlmuther

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 072502 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Bimodal Behavior of the Heaviest Fragment Distribution in Projectile Fragmentation

E. Bonnet, D. Mercier, B. Borderie, F. Gulminelli, M. F. Rivet, B. Tamain, R. Bougault, A. Chbihi, R. Dayras, J. D. Frankland, E. Galichet, F. Gagnon-Moisan, D. Guinet, P. Lautesse, J. Łukasik, N. Le Neindre, M. Pârlog, E. Rosato, R. Roy, M. Vigilante, J. P. Wieleczko, and B. Zwieglinski (INDRA and ALADIN Collaborations)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 072701 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Rotational Sublevels of an Ortho-Hydrogen Molecule Encapsulated in an Isotropic $C_{60}$ Cage

Yoshimitsu Kohama, Takeshi Rachi, Ju Jing, Zhaofei Li, Jun Tang, Ryotaro Kumashiro, Satoru Izumisawa, Hitoshi Kawaji, Tooru Atake, Hiroshi Sawa, Yasujiro Murata, Koichi Komatsu, and Katsumi Tanigaki

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 073001 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Method for Measuring the Dwell Time of Spin-Polarized Rb Atoms on Coated Pyrex Glass Surfaces Using Light Shift

K. F. Zhao, M. Schaden, and Z. Wu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 073201 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

Three-Body Recombination of ${}^{6}{Li}$ Atoms with Large Negative Scattering Lengths

Eric Braaten, H.-W. Hammer, Daekyoung Kang, and Lucas Platter

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 073202 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Possible Efimov Trimer State in a Three-Hyperfine-Component Lithium-6 Mixture

Pascal Naidon and Masahito Ueda

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 073203 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Calorimetric Observation of the Melting of Free Water Nanoparticles at Cryogenic Temperatures

C. Hock, M. Schmidt, R. Kuhnen, C. Bartels, L. Ma, H. Haberland, and B. v.Issendorff

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 073401 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc.

Active Exterior Cloaking for the 2D Laplace and Helmholtz Equations

Fernando Guevara Vasquez, Graeme W. Milton, and Daniel Onofrei

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 073901 (2009) - Published 11 August, 2009

Wavelength Scaling of High Harmonic Generation Efficiency

A. D. Shiner, C. Trallero-Herrero, N. Kajumba, H.-C. Bandulet, D. Comtois, F. Légaré, M. Giguère, J-C. Kieffer, P. B. Corkum, and D. M. Villeneuve

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 073902 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Event-Related Desynchronization in Diffusively Coupled Oscillator Models

Jane H. Sheeba, V. K. Chandrasekar, and M. Lakshmanan

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 074101 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Formation of Nanopillar Arrays in Ultrathin Viscous Films: The Critical Role of Thermocapillary Stresses

Mathias Dietzel and Sandra M. Troian

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 074501 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Turbulent Transfer of Energy by Radiating Pulses

Benno Rumpf, Alan C. Newell, and Vladimir E. Zakharov

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 074502 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Plasma and Beam Physics

Edge-Localized-Mode Suppression through Density-Profile Modification with Lithium-Wall Coatings in the National Spherical Torus Experiment

R. Maingi, T. H. Osborne, B. P. LeBlanc, R. E. Bell, J. Manickam, P. B. Snyder, J. E. Menard, D. K. Mansfield, H. W. Kugel, R. Kaita, S. P. Gerhardt, S. A. Sabbagh, and F. A. Kelly (the NSTX research team)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075001 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

Radiation-Dominated Relativistic Current Sheets

C. H. Jaroschek and M. Hoshino

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075002 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Enhanced Self-Focusing of an Ion Beam Pulse Propagating through a Background Plasma along a Solenoidal Magnetic Field

Mikhail A. Dorf, Igor D. Kaganovich, Edward A. Startsev, and Ronald C. Davidson

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075003 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Localized Turbulence Suppression and Increased Flow Shear near the $q = 2$ Surface during Internal-Transport-Barrier Formation

M. W. Shafer, G. R. McKee, M. E. Austin, K. H. Burrell, R. J. Fonck, and D. J. Schlossberg

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075004 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Rovibrational Wave-Packet Dispersion during Femtosecond Laser Filamentation in Air

J. H. Odhner, D. A. Romanov, and R. J. Levis

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075005 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Global Scale-Invariant Dissipation in Collisionless Plasma Turbulence

K. H. Kiyani, S. C. Chapman, Yu. V. Khotyaintsev, M. W. Dunlop, and F. Sahraoui

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075006 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.

Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Weakly and Strongly Paired Superconductors

V. Gurarie

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075301 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Solution of the Phase Problem in the Theory of Structure Determination of Crystals from X-Ray Diffraction Experiments

Emil Wolf

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075501 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

Atomic-Scale Heterogeneity of a Multicomponent Bulk Metallic Glass with Excellent Glass Forming Ability

T. Fujita, K. Konno, W. Zhang, V. Kumar, M. Matsuura, A. Inoue, T. Sakurai, and M. W. Chen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075502 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Ab Initio Study of Fluorine in Silicon: Large Clusters and the Dominant Mobile Defect

Kilian Vollenweider, Beat Sahli, and Wolfgang Fichtner

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075503 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Isolated True Surface Wave in a Radiative Band on a Surface of a Stressed Auxetic

D. Trzupek and P. Zieliński

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075504 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Unusual Compression Behavior of Anatase ${TiO}_{2}$ Nanocrystals

Varghese Swamy, Alexei Y. Kuznetsov, Leonid S. Dubrovinsky, Alexander Kurnosov, and Vitali B. Prakapenka

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075505 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

New Microscopic Mechanism for Secondary Relaxation in Glasses

M. Zuriaga, L. C. Pardo, P. Lunkenheimer, J. Ll. Tamarit, N. Veglio, M. Barrio, F. J. Bermejo, and A. Loidl

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 075701 (2009) - Published 11 August, 2009

High Island Densities in Pulsed Laser Deposition: Causes and Implications

M. Schmid, C. Lenauer, A. Buchsbaum, F. Wimmer, G. Rauchbauer, P. Scheiber, G. Betz, and P. Varga

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076101 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

Bistability of Nanoscale Ag Islands on a $Si (111) − (4 \times 1) − In$ Surface Induced by Anisotropic Stress

Yaoyi Li, Miao Liu, Dayan Ma, Decai Yu, Xi Chen, Xu-Cun Ma, Qi-Kun Xue, Kewei Xu, Jin-Feng Jia, and Feng Liu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076102 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Atomic-Scale Structure and Stability of the $\sqrt{31} \times \sqrt{31} R 9 °$ Surface of ${Al}_{2} O_{3} (0001)$

J. V. Lauritsen, M. C. R. Jensen, K. Venkataramani, B. Hinnemann, S. Helveg, B. S. Clausen, and F. Besenbacher

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076103 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Surface Geometric and Electronic Structures of ${BaFe}_{2} {As}_{2} (001)$

V. B. Nascimento, Ang Li, Dilushan R. Jayasundara, Yi Xuan, Jared O’Neal, Shuheng Pan, T. Y. Chien, Biao Hu, X. B. He, Guorong Li, A. S. Sefat, M. A. McGuire, B. C. Sales, D. Mandrus, M. H. Pan, Jiandi Zhang, R. Jin, and E. W. Plummer

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076104 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.

Fermi Surface of ${SrFe}_{2} P_{2}$ Determined by the de Haas–van Alphen Effect

J. G. Analytis, C. M. J. Andrew, A. I. Coldea, A. McCollam, J.-H. Chu, R. D. McDonald, I. R. Fisher, and A. Carrington

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076401 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

Coherence and Pairing in a Doped Mott Insulator: Application to the Cuprates

T. Senthil and Patrick A. Lee

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076402 (2009) - Published 11 August, 2009

3D Imaging of the Fermi Surface by Thermal Diffuse Scattering

A. Bosak, M. Hoesch, M. Krisch, D. Chernyshov, P. Pattison, C. Schulze-Briese, B. Winkler, V. Milman, K. Refson, D. Antonangeli, and D. Farber

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076403 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Evolution of Critical Scaling Behavior near a Ferromagnetic Quantum Phase Transition

N. P. Butch and M. B. Maple

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076404 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Transport Properties of Graphene in the High-Current Limit

Amelia Barreiro, Michele Lazzeri, Joel Moser, Francesco Mauri, and Adrian Bachtold

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076601 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Numerical Analysis of Quasiholes of the Moore-Read Wave Function

M. Baraban, G. Zikos, N. Bonesteel, and S. H. Simon

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076801 (2009) - Published 11 August, 2009

Charge $2 e$ Skyrmions in Bilayer Graphene

D. A. Abanin, S. A. Parameswaran, and S. L. Sondhi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076802 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Non-Abelian Anyons: When Ising Meets Fibonacci

E. Grosfeld and K. Schoutens

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076803 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Two-Particle Nonlocal Aharonov-Bohm Effect from Two Single-Particle Emitters

Janine Splettstoesser, Michael Moskalets, and Markus Büttiker

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 076804 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Effects of Quasiparticle Ambipolarity on the Nernst Effect in Underdoped Cuprate Superconductors

Sumanta Tewari and Chuanwei Zhang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077001 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

Predicted High-Temperature Superconducting State in the Hydrogen-Dense Transition-Metal Hydride ${YH}_{3}$ at 40 K and 17.7 GPa

Duck Young Kim, Ralph H. Scheicher, and Rajeev Ahuja

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077002 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

Andreev Spectra and Subgap Bound States in Multiband Superconductors

A. A. Golubov, A. Brinkman, Yukio Tanaka, I. I. Mazin, and O. V. Dolgov

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077003 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Enhancement of Pairing Interaction and Magnetic Fluctuations toward a Band Insulator in an Electron-Doped ${Li}_{x} ZrNCl$ Superconductor

Yuichi Kasahara, Tsukasa Kishiume, Takumi Takano, Katsuki Kobayashi, Eiichi Matsuoka, Hideya Onodera, Kazuhiko Kuroki, Yasujiro Taguchi, and Yoshihiro Iwasa

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077004 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Combined Electron Resonance Driven by an All-Oscillating Potential of Patterned Magnets

Nikolay I. Polushkin

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077201 (2009) - Published 10 August, 2009

One-Dimensional Magnetic Fluctuations in the Spin-2 Triangular Lattice $α − {NaMnO}_{2}$

C. Stock, L. C. Chapon, O. Adamopoulos, A. Lappas, M. Giot, J. W. Taylor, M. A. Green, C. M. Brown, and P. G. Radaelli

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077202 (2009) - Published 11 August, 2009

Neutron Diffraction Study on the Multiple Magnetization Plateaus in ${TbB}_{4}$ under Pulsed High Magnetic Field

S. Yoshii, K. Ohoyama, K. Kurosawa, H. Nojiri, M. Matsuda, P. Frings, F. Duc, B. Vignolle, G. L. J. A. Rikken, L.-P. Regnault, S. Michimura, and F. Iga

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077203 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Magnetic-Field-Induced Polarization Flop in Multiferroic ${TmMn}_{2} O_{5}$

M. Fukunaga, Y. Sakamoto, H. Kimura, Y. Noda, N. Abe, K. Taniguchi, T. Arima, S. Wakimoto, M. Takeda, K. Kakurai, and K. Kohn

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077204 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Magnetic-Order-Induced Crystal Symmetry Lowering in $A {Cr}_{2} O_{4}$ Ferrimagnetic Spinels

S. Bordács, D. Varjas, I. Kézsmárki, G. Mihály, L. Baldassarre, A. Abouelsayed, C. A. Kuntscher, K. Ohgushi, and Y. Tokura

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077205 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Near-Field Interaction between Domain Walls in Adjacent Permalloy Nanowires

L. O’Brien, D. Petit, H. T. Zeng, E. R. Lewis, J. Sampaio, A. V. Jausovec, D. E. Read, and R. P. Cowburn

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077206 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Phase Diagram and Spin Dynamics in Volborthite with a Distorted Kagome Lattice

M. Yoshida, M. Takigawa, H. Yoshida, Y. Okamoto, and Z. Hiroi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077207 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

Magnetic Dichroism from Optically Excited Quantum Well States

Cheng-Tien Chiang, Aimo Winkelmann, Ping Yu, and Jürgen Kirschner

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077601 (2009) - Published 11 August, 2009

Direct Observation of Charge Order and an Orbital Glass State in Multiferroic ${LuFe}_{2} O_{4}$

A. M. Mulders, S. M. Lawrence, U. Staub, M. Garcia-Fernandez, V. Scagnoli, C. Mazzoli, E. Pomjakushina, K. Conder, and Y. Wang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 077602 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics

Directional Locking and the Role of Irreversible Interactions in Deterministic Hydrodynamics Separations in Microfluidic Devices

Manuel Balvin, Eunkyung Sohn, Tara Iracki, German Drazer, and Joelle Frechette

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 078301 (2009) - Published 11 August, 2009

Melting of Iron under Earth’s Core Conditions from Diffusion Monte Carlo Free Energy Calculations

Ester Sola and Dario Alfè

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 078501 (2009) - Published 14 August, 2009

COMMENTS

Comment on “Osmotic Propulsion: The Osmotic Motor”

Frank Jülicher and Jacques Prost

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 079801 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

Córdova-Figueroa and Brady Reply:

Ubaldo M. Córdova-Figueroa and John F. Brady

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 079802 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009

ERRATA

Erratum: Sixth-Order Vacuum-Polarization Contribution to the Lamb Shift of Muonic Hydrogen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3240 (1999)]

T. Kinoshita and M. Nio

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 079901 (2009) - Published 11 August, 2009

Erratum: Evidence of Orbital Reconstruction at Interfaces in Ultrathin ${La}_{0.67} {Sr}_{0.33} {MnO}_{3}$ Films [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 137401 (2008)]

A. Tebano, C. Aruta, S. Sanna, P. G. Medaglia, G. Balestrino, A. A. Sidorenko, R. De Renzi, G. Ghiringhelli, L. Braicovich, V. Bisogni, and N. B. Brookes

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 079902 (2009) - Published 12 August, 2009

Erratum: Enhancement of Tunneling Density of States at a Junction of Three Luttinger Liquid Wires [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 026401 (2009)]

Amit Agarwal, Sourin Das, Sumathi Rao, and Diptiman Sen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 079903 (2009) - Published 13 August, 2009