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Orbital Many-Body Dynamics of Bosons in the Second Bloch Band of an Optical Lattice

J. Vargas1, M. Nuske1,2,3, R. Eichberger1,2, C. Hippler1, L. Mathey1,2,3, and A. Hemmerich1,2,3

  • 1Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
  • 2Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
  • 3The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 200402 – Published 17 May, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.200402

Abstract

We explore Josephson-like dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate of rubidium atoms in the second Bloch band of an optical square lattice providing a double well structure with two inequivalent, degenerate energy minima. This oscillation is a direct signature of the orbital changing collisions predicted to arise in this system in addition to the conventional on-site collisions. The observed oscillation frequency scales with the relative strength of these collisional interactions, which can be readily tuned via a distortion of the unit cell. The observations are compared to a quantum model of two single-particle modes and to a semiclassical multiband tight-binding simulation of 12×12 tubular sites of the lattice. Both models reproduce the observed oscillatory dynamics and show the correct dependence of the oscillation frequency on the ratio between the strengths of the on-site and orbital changing collision processes.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 200402– Published 17 May, 2021
  • Received 12 August 2020
  • Accepted 27 April 2021
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