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Properties of the Binary Black Hole Merger GW150914

B. P. Abbott¹, R. Abbott¹, T. D. Abbott², M. R. Abernathy¹, F. Acernese^3,4, K. Ackley⁵, C. Adams⁶, T. Adams⁷, P. Addesso³ et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)

P. Addesso³, R. X. Adhikari¹, V. B. Adya⁸, C. Affeldt⁸, M. Agathos⁹, K. Agatsuma⁹, N. Aggarwal¹⁰, O. D. Aguiar¹¹, L. Aiello^12,13, A. Ain¹⁴, P. Ajith¹⁵, B. Allen^8,16,17, A. Allocca^18,19, P. A. Altin²⁰, S. B. Anderson¹, W. G. Anderson¹⁶, K. Arai¹, M. C. Araya¹, C. C. Arceneaux²¹, J. S. Areeda²², N. Arnaud²³, K. G. Arun²⁴, S. Ascenzi^25,13, G. Ashton²⁶, M. Ast²⁷, S. M. Aston⁶, P. Astone²⁸, P. Aufmuth⁸, C. Aulbert⁸, S. Babak²⁹, P. Bacon³⁰, M. K. M. Bader⁹, P. T. Baker³¹, F. Baldaccini^32,33, G. Ballardin³⁴, S. W. Ballmer³⁵, J. C. Barayoga¹, S. E. Barclay³⁶, B. C. Barish¹, D. Barker³⁷, F. Barone^3,4, B. Barr³⁶, L. Barsotti¹⁰, M. Barsuglia³⁰, D. Barta³⁸, J. Bartlett³⁷, I. Bartos³⁹, R. Bassiri⁴⁰, A. Basti^18,19, J. C. Batch³⁷, C. Baune⁸, V. Bavigadda³⁴, M. Bazzan^41,42, B. Behnke²⁹, M. Bejger⁴³, A. S. Bell³⁶, C. J. Bell³⁶, B. K. Berger¹, J. Bergman³⁷, G. Bergmann⁸, C. P. L. Berry⁴⁴, D. Bersanetti^45,46, A. Bertolini⁹, J. Betzwieser⁶, S. Bhagwat³⁵, R. Bhandare⁴⁷, I. A. Bilenko⁴⁸, G. Billingsley¹, J. Birch⁶, I. A. Birney⁴⁹, O. Birnholtz⁸, S. Biscans¹⁰, A. Bisht^8,17, M. Bitossi³⁴, C. Biwer³⁵, M. A. Bizouard²³, J. K. Blackburn¹, C. D. Blair⁵⁰, D. G. Blair⁵⁰, R. M. Blair³⁷, S. Bloemen⁵¹, O. Bock⁸, T. P. Bodiya¹⁰, M. Boer⁵², G. Bogaert⁵², C. Bogan⁸, A. Bohe²⁹, P. Bojtos⁵³, C. Bond⁴⁴, F. Bondu⁵⁴, R. Bonnand⁷, B. A. Boom⁹, R. Bork¹, V. Boschi^18,19, S. Bose^55,14, Y. Bouffanais³⁰, A. Bozzi³⁴, C. Bradaschia¹⁹, P. R. Brady¹⁶, V. B. Braginsky⁴⁸, M. Branchesi^56,57, J. E. Brau⁵⁸, T. Briant⁵⁹, A. Brillet⁵², M. Brinkmann⁸, V. Brisson²³, P. Brockill¹⁶, A. F. Brooks¹, D. A. Brown³⁵, D. D. Brown⁴⁴, N. M. Brown¹⁰, C. C. Buchanan², A. Buikema¹⁰, T. Bulik⁶⁰, H. J. Bulten^61,9, A. Buonanno^29,62, D. Buskulic⁷, C. Buy³⁰, R. L. Byer⁴⁰, L. Cadonati⁶³, G. Cagnoli^64,65, C. Cahillane¹, J. Calderón Bustillo^66,63, T. Callister¹, E. Calloni^67,4, J. B. Camp⁶⁸, K. C. Cannon⁶⁹, J. Cao⁷⁰, C. D. Capano⁸, E. Capocasa³⁰, F. Carbognani³⁴, S. Caride⁷¹, J. Casanueva Diaz²³, C. Casentini^25,13, S. Caudill¹⁶, M. Cavaglià²¹, F. Cavalier²³, R. Cavalieri³⁴, G. Cella¹⁹, C. B. Cepeda¹, L. Cerboni Baiardi^56,57, G. Cerretani^18,19, E. Cesarini^25,13, R. Chakraborty¹, T. Chalermsongsak¹, S. J. Chamberlin⁷², M. Chan³⁶, S. Chao⁷³, P. Charlton⁷⁴, E. Chassande-Mottin³⁰, H. Y. Chen⁷⁵, Y. Chen⁷⁶, C. Cheng⁷³, A. Chincarini⁴⁶, A. Chiummo³⁴, H. S. Cho⁷⁷, M. Cho⁶², J. H. Chow²⁰, N. Christensen⁷⁸, Q. Chu⁵⁰, S. Chua⁵⁹, S. Chung⁵⁰, G. Ciani⁵, F. Clara³⁷, J. A. Clark⁶³, F. Cleva⁵², E. Coccia^25,12,13, P.-F. Cohadon⁵⁹, A. Colla^79,28, C. G. Collette⁸⁰, L. Cominsky⁸¹, M. Constancio, Jr.¹¹, A. Conte^79,28, L. Conti⁴², D. Cook³⁷, T. R. Corbitt², N. Cornish³¹, A. Corsi⁷¹, S. Cortese³⁴, C. A. Costa¹¹, M. W. Coughlin⁷⁸, S. B. Coughlin⁸², J.-P. Coulon⁵², S. T. Countryman³⁹, P. Couvares¹, E. E. Cowan⁶³, D. M. Coward⁵⁰, M. J. Cowart⁶, D. C. Coyne¹, R. Coyne⁷¹, K. Craig³⁶, J. D. E. Creighton¹⁶, J. Cripe², S. G. Crowder⁸³, A. Cumming³⁶, L. Cunningham³⁶, E. Cuoco³⁴, T. Dal Canton⁸, S. L. Danilishin³⁶, S. D’Antonio¹³, K. Danzmann^17,8, N. S. Darman⁸⁴, V. Dattilo³⁴, I. Dave⁴⁷, H. P. Daveloza⁸⁵, M. Davier²³, G. S. Davies³⁶, E. J. Daw⁸⁶, R. Day³⁴, D. DeBra⁴⁰, G. Debreczeni³⁸, J. Degallaix⁶⁵, M. De Laurentis^67,4, S. Deléglise⁵⁹, W. Del Pozzo⁴⁴, T. Denker^8,17, T. Dent⁸, H. Dereli⁵², V. Dergachev¹, R. De Rosa^67,4, R. T. DeRosa⁶, R. DeSalvo⁸⁷, C. Devine⁸⁸, S. Dhurandhar¹⁴, M. C. Díaz⁸⁵, L. Di Fiore⁴, M. Di Giovanni^79,28, A. Di Lieto^18,19, S. Di Pace^79,28, I. Di Palma^29,8, A. Di Virgilio¹⁹, G. Dojcinoski⁸⁹, V. Dolique⁶⁵, F. Donovan¹⁰, K. L. Dooley²¹, S. Doravari^6,8, R. Douglas³⁶, T. P. Downes¹⁶, M. Drago^8,90,91, R. W. P. Drever¹, J. C. Driggers³⁷, Z. Du⁷⁰, M. Ducrot⁷, S. E. Dwyer³⁷, T. B. Edo⁸⁶, M. C. Edwards⁷⁸, A. Effler⁶, H.-B. Eggenstein⁸, P. Ehrens¹, J. Eichholz⁵, S. S. Eikenberry⁵, W. Engels⁷⁶, R. C. Essick¹⁰, Z. Etienne⁸⁸, T. Etzel¹, M. Evans¹⁰, T. M. Evans⁶, R. Everett⁷², M. Factourovich³⁹, V. Fafone^25,13,12, H. Fair³⁵, S. Fairhurst⁹², X. Fan⁷⁰, Q. Fang⁵⁰, S. Farinon⁴⁶, B. Farr⁷⁵, W. M. Farr⁴⁴, E. Fauchon-Jones⁹², M. Favata⁸⁹, M. Fays⁹², H. Fehrmann⁸, M. M. Fejer⁴⁰, I. Ferrante^18,19, E. C. Ferreira¹¹, F. Ferrini³⁴, F. Fidecaro^18,19, I. Fiori³⁴, D. Fiorucci³⁰, R. P. Fisher³⁵, R. Flaminio^65,93, M. Fletcher³⁶, J.-D. Fournier⁵², S. Franco²³, S. Frasca^79,28, F. Frasconi¹⁹, Z. Frei⁵³, A. Freise⁴⁴, R. Frey⁵⁸, V. Frey²³, T. T. Fricke⁸, P. Fritschel¹⁰, V. V. Frolov⁶, P. Fulda⁵, M. Fyffe⁶, H. A. G. Gabbard²¹, S. M. Gaebel⁴⁴, J. R. Gair⁹⁴, L. Gammaitoni^32,33, S. G. Gaonkar¹⁴, F. Garufi^67,4, A. Gatto³⁰, G. Gaur^95,96, N. Gehrels⁶⁸, G. Gemme⁴⁶, B. Gendre⁵², E. Genin³⁴, A. Gennai¹⁹, J. George⁴⁷, L. Gergely⁹⁷, V. Germain⁷, Archisman Ghosh¹⁵, S. Ghosh^51,9, J. A. Giaime^2,6, K. D. Giardina⁶, A. Giazotto¹⁹, K. Gill⁹⁸, A. Glaefke³⁶, E. Goetz⁹⁹, R. Goetz⁵, L. Gondan⁵³, G. González², J. M. Gonzalez Castro^18,19, A. Gopakumar¹⁰⁰, N. A. Gordon³⁶, M. L. Gorodetsky⁴⁸, S. E. Gossan¹, M. Gosselin³⁴, R. Gouaty⁷, C. Graef³⁶, P. B. Graff⁶², M. Granata⁶⁵, A. Grant³⁶, S. Gras¹⁰, C. Gray³⁷, G. Greco^56,57, A. C. Green⁴⁴, P. Groot⁵¹, H. Grote⁸, S. Grunewald²⁹, G. M. Guidi^56,57, X. Guo⁷⁰, A. Gupta¹⁴, M. K. Gupta⁹⁶, K. E. Gushwa¹, E. K. Gustafson¹, R. Gustafson⁹⁹, J. J. Hacker²², B. R. Hall⁵⁵, E. D. Hall¹, G. Hammond³⁶, M. Haney¹⁰⁰, M. M. Hanke⁸, J. Hanks³⁷, C. Hanna⁷², M. D. Hannam⁹², J. Hanson⁶, T. Hardwick², J. Harms^56,57, G. M. Harry¹⁰¹, I. W. Harry²⁹, M. J. Hart³⁶, M. T. Hartman⁵, C.-J. Haster⁴⁴, K. Haughian³⁶, J. Healy¹⁰², A. Heidmann⁵⁹, M. C. Heintze^5,6, H. Heitmann⁵², P. Hello²³, G. Hemming³⁴, M. Hendry³⁶, I. S. Heng³⁶, J. Hennig³⁶, A. W. Heptonstall¹, M. Heurs^8,17, S. Hild³⁶, D. Hoak¹⁰³, K. A. Hodge¹, D. Hofman⁶⁵, S. E. Hollitt¹⁰⁴, K. Holt⁶, D. E. Holz⁷⁵, P. Hopkins⁹², D. J. Hosken¹⁰⁴, J. Hough³⁶, E. A. Houston³⁶, E. J. Howell⁵⁰, Y. M. Hu³⁶, S. Huang⁷³, E. A. Huerta^88,82, D. Huet²³, B. Hughey⁹⁸, S. Husa⁶⁶, S. H. Huttner³⁶, T. Huynh-Dinh⁶, A. Idrisy⁷², N. Indik⁸, D. R. Ingram³⁷, R. Inta⁷¹, H. N. Isa³⁶, J.-M. Isac⁵⁹, M. Isi¹, G. Islas²², T. Isogai¹⁰, B. R. Iyer¹⁵, K. Izumi³⁷, T. Jacqmin⁵⁹, H. Jang⁷⁷, K. Jani⁶³, P. Jaranowski¹⁰⁵, S. Jawahar¹⁰⁶, F. Jiménez-Forteza⁶⁶, W. W. Johnson², N. K. Johnson-McDaniel¹⁵, D. I. Jones²⁶, R. Jones³⁶, R. J. G. Jonker⁹, L. Ju⁵⁰, Haris K¹⁰⁷, C. V. Kalaghatgi^24,92, V. Kalogera⁸², S. Kandhasamy²¹, G. Kang⁷⁷, J. B. Kanner¹, S. Karki⁵⁸, M. Kasprzack^2,23,34, E. Katsavounidis¹⁰, W. Katzman⁶, S. Kaufer¹⁷, T. Kaur⁵⁰, K. Kawabe³⁷, F. Kawazoe^8,17, F. Kéfélian⁵², M. S. Kehl⁶⁹, D. Keitel^8,66, D. B. Kelley³⁵, W. Kells¹, R. Kennedy⁸⁶, J. S. Key⁸⁵, A. Khalaidovski⁸, F. Y. Khalili⁴⁸, I. Khan¹², S. Khan⁹², Z. Khan⁹⁶, E. A. Khazanov¹⁰⁸, N. Kijbunchoo³⁷, C. Kim⁷⁷, J. Kim¹⁰⁹, K. Kim¹¹⁰, Nam-Gyu Kim⁷⁷, Namjun Kim⁴⁰, Y.-M. Kim¹⁰⁹, E. J. King¹⁰⁴, P. J. King³⁷, D. L. Kinzel⁶, J. S. Kissel³⁷, L. Kleybolte²⁷, S. Klimenko⁵, S. M. Koehlenbeck⁸, K. Kokeyama², S. Koley⁹, V. Kondrashov¹, A. Kontos¹⁰, M. Korobko²⁷, W. Z. Korth¹, I. Kowalska⁶⁰, D. B. Kozak¹, V. Kringel⁸, B. Krishnan⁸, A. Królak^111,112, C. Krueger¹⁷, G. Kuehn⁸, P. Kumar⁶⁹, L. Kuo⁷³, A. Kutynia¹¹¹, B. D. Lackey³⁵, M. Landry³⁷, J. Lange¹⁰², B. Lantz⁴⁰, P. D. Lasky¹¹³, A. Lazzarini¹, C. Lazzaro^63,42, P. Leaci^29,79,28, S. Leavey³⁶, E. O. Lebigot^30,70, C. H. Lee¹⁰⁹, H. K. Lee¹¹⁰, H. M. Lee¹¹⁴, K. Lee³⁶, A. Lenon³⁵, M. Leonardi^90,91, J. R. Leong⁸, N. Leroy²³, N. Letendre⁷, Y. Levin¹¹³, B. M. Levine³⁷, T. G. F. Li¹, A. Libson¹⁰, T. B. Littenberg¹¹⁵, N. A. Lockerbie¹⁰⁶, J. Logue³⁶, A. L. Lombardi¹⁰³, L. T. London⁹², J. E. Lord³⁵, M. Lorenzini^12,13, V. Loriette¹¹⁶, M. Lormand⁶, G. Losurdo⁵⁷, J. D. Lough^8,17, C. O. Lousto¹⁰², G. Lovelace²², H. Lück^17,8, A. P. Lundgren⁸, J. Luo⁷⁸, R. Lynch¹⁰, Y. Ma⁵⁰, T. MacDonald⁴⁰, B. Machenschalk⁸, M. MacInnis¹⁰, D. M. Macleod², F. Magaña-Sandoval³⁵, R. M. Magee⁵⁵, M. Mageswaran¹, E. Majorana²⁸, I. Maksimovic¹¹⁶, V. Malvezzi^25,13, N. Man⁵², I. Mandel⁴⁴, V. Mandic⁸³, V. Mangano³⁶, G. L. Mansell²⁰, M. Manske¹⁶, M. Mantovani³⁴, F. Marchesoni^117,33, F. Marion⁷, S. Márka³⁹, Z. Márka³⁹, A. S. Markosyan⁴⁰, E. Maros¹, F. Martelli^56,57, L. Martellini⁵², I. W. Martin³⁶, R. M. Martin⁵, D. V. Martynov¹, J. N. Marx¹, K. Mason¹⁰, A. Masserot⁷, T. J. Massinger³⁵, M. Masso-Reid³⁶, F. Matichard¹⁰, L. Matone³⁹, N. Mavalvala¹⁰, N. Mazumder⁵⁵, G. Mazzolo⁸, R. McCarthy³⁷, D. E. McClelland²⁰, S. McCormick⁶, S. C. McGuire¹¹⁸, G. McIntyre¹, J. McIver¹, D. J. McManus²⁰, S. T. McWilliams⁸⁸, D. Meacher⁷², G. D. Meadors^29,8, J. Meidam⁹, A. Melatos⁸⁴, G. Mendell³⁷, D. Mendoza-Gandara⁸, R. A. Mercer¹⁶, E. Merilh³⁷, M. Merzougui⁵², S. Meshkov¹, C. Messenger³⁶, C. Messick⁷², P. M. Meyers⁸³, F. Mezzani^28,79, H. Miao⁴⁴, C. Michel⁶⁵, H. Middleton⁴⁴, E. E. Mikhailov¹¹⁹, L. Milano^67,4, J. Miller¹⁰, M. Millhouse³¹, Y. Minenkov¹³, J. Ming^29,8, S. Mirshekari¹²⁰, C. Mishra¹⁵, S. Mitra¹⁴, V. P. Mitrofanov⁴⁸, G. Mitselmakher⁵, R. Mittleman¹⁰, A. Moggi¹⁹, M. Mohan³⁴, S. R. P. Mohapatra¹⁰, M. Montani^56,57, B. C. Moore⁸⁹, C. J. Moore¹²¹, D. Moraru³⁷, G. Moreno³⁷, S. R. Morriss⁸⁵, K. Mossavi⁸, B. Mours⁷, C. M. Mow-Lowry⁴⁴, C. L. Mueller⁵, G. Mueller⁵, A. W. Muir⁹², Arunava Mukherjee¹⁵, D. Mukherjee¹⁶, S. Mukherjee⁸⁵, N. Mukund¹⁴, A. Mullavey⁶, J. Munch¹⁰⁴, D. J. Murphy³⁹, P. G. Murray³⁶, A. Mytidis⁵, I. Nardecchia^25,13, L. Naticchioni^79,28, R. K. Nayak¹²², V. Necula⁵, K. Nedkova¹⁰³, G. Nelemans^51,9, M. Neri^45,46, A. Neunzert⁹⁹, G. Newton³⁶, T. T. Nguyen²⁰, A. B. Nielsen⁸, S. Nissanke^51,9, A. Nitz⁸, F. Nocera³⁴, D. Nolting⁶, M. E. Normandin⁸⁵, L. K. Nuttall³⁵, J. Oberling³⁷, E. Ochsner¹⁶, J. O’Dell¹²³, E. Oelker¹⁰, G. H. Ogin¹²⁴, J. J. Oh¹²⁵, S. H. Oh¹²⁵, F. Ohme⁹², M. Oliver⁶⁶, P. Oppermann⁸, Richard J. Oram⁶, B. O’Reilly⁶, R. O’Shaughnessy¹⁰², D. J. Ottaway¹⁰⁴, R. S. Ottens⁵, H. Overmier⁶, B. J. Owen⁷¹, A. Pai¹⁰⁷, S. A. Pai⁴⁷, J. R. Palamos⁵⁸, O. Palashov¹⁰⁸, C. Palomba²⁸, A. Pal-Singh²⁷, H. Pan⁷³, Y. Pan⁶², C. Pankow⁸², F. Pannarale⁹², B. C. Pant⁴⁷, F. Paoletti^34,19, A. Paoli³⁴, M. A. Papa^29,16,8, H. R. Paris⁴⁰, W. Parker⁶, D. Pascucci³⁶, A. Pasqualetti³⁴, R. Passaquieti^18,19, D. Passuello¹⁹, B. Patricelli^18,19, Z. Patrick⁴⁰, B. L. Pearlstone³⁶, M. Pedraza¹, R. Pedurand⁶⁵, L. Pekowsky³⁵, A. Pele⁶, S. Penn¹²⁶, A. Perreca¹, H. P. Pfeiffer^69,29, M. Phelps³⁶, O. Piccinni^79,28, M. Pichot⁵², F. Piergiovanni^56,57, V. Pierro⁸⁷, G. Pillant³⁴, L. Pinard⁶⁵, I. M. Pinto⁸⁷, M. Pitkin³⁶, R. Poggiani^18,19, P. Popolizio³⁴, A. Post⁸, J. Powell³⁶, J. Prasad¹⁴, V. Predoi⁹², S. S. Premachandra¹¹³, T. Prestegard⁸³, L. R. Price¹, M. Prijatelj³⁴, M. Principe⁸⁷, S. Privitera²⁹, G. A. Prodi^90,91, L. Prokhorov⁴⁸, O. Puncken⁸, M. Punturo³³, P. Puppo²⁸, M. Pürrer²⁹, H. Qi¹⁶, J. Qin⁵⁰, V. Quetschke⁸⁵, E. A. Quintero¹, R. Quitzow-James⁵⁸, F. J. Raab³⁷, D. S. Rabeling²⁰, H. Radkins³⁷, P. Raffai⁵³, S. Raja⁴⁷, M. Rakhmanov⁸⁵, P. Rapagnani^79,28, V. Raymond²⁹, M. Razzano^18,19, V. Re²⁵, J. Read²², C. M. Reed³⁷, T. Regimbau⁵², L. Rei⁴⁶, S. Reid⁴⁹, D. H. Reitze^1,5, H. Rew¹¹⁹, S. D. Reyes³⁵, F. Ricci^79,28, K. Riles⁹⁹, N. A. Robertson^1,36, R. Robie³⁶, F. Robinet²³, A. Rocchi¹³, L. Rolland⁷, J. G. Rollins¹, V. J. Roma⁵⁸, R. Romano^3,4, G. Romanov¹¹⁹, J. H. Romie⁶, D. Rosińska^127,43, C. Röver⁸, S. Rowan³⁶, A. Rüdiger⁸, P. Ruggi³⁴, K. Ryan³⁷, S. Sachdev¹, T. Sadecki³⁷, L. Sadeghian¹⁶, L. Salconi³⁴, M. Saleem¹⁰⁷, F. Salemi⁸, A. Samajdar¹²², L. Sammut^84,113, E. J. Sanchez¹, V. Sandberg³⁷, B. Sandeen⁸², J. R. Sanders^99,35, B. Sassolas⁶⁵, B. S. Sathyaprakash⁹², P. R. Saulson³⁵, O. Sauter⁹⁹, R. L. Savage³⁷, A. Sawadsky¹⁷, P. Schale⁵⁸, R. Schilling^8,†, J. Schmidt⁸, P. Schmidt^1,76, R. Schnabel²⁷, R. M. S. Schofield⁵⁸, A. Schönbeck²⁷, E. Schreiber⁸, D. Schuette^8,17, B. F. Schutz^92,29, J. Scott³⁶, S. M. Scott²⁰, D. Sellers⁶, A. S. Sengupta⁹⁵, D. Sentenac³⁴, V. Sequino^25,13, A. Sergeev¹⁰⁸, G. Serna²², Y. Setyawati^51,9, A. Sevigny³⁷, D. A. Shaddock²⁰, S. Shah^51,9, M. S. Shahriar⁸², M. Shaltev⁸, Z. Shao¹, B. Shapiro⁴⁰, P. Shawhan⁶², A. Sheperd¹⁶, D. H. Shoemaker¹⁰, D. M. Shoemaker⁶³, K. Siellez^52,63, X. Siemens¹⁶, D. Sigg³⁷, A. D. Silva¹¹, D. Simakov⁸, A. Singer¹, L. P. Singer⁶⁸, A. Singh^29,8, R. Singh², A. Singhal¹², A. M. Sintes⁶⁶, B. J. J. Slagmolen²⁰, J. R. Smith²², N. D. Smith¹, R. J. E. Smith¹, E. J. Son¹²⁵, B. Sorazu³⁶, F. Sorrentino⁴⁶, T. Souradeep¹⁴, A. K. Srivastava⁹⁶, A. Staley³⁹, M. Steinke⁸, J. Steinlechner³⁶, S. Steinlechner³⁶, D. Steinmeyer^8,17, B. C. Stephens¹⁶, S. P. Stevenson⁴⁴, R. Stone⁸⁵, K. A. Strain³⁶, N. Straniero⁶⁵, G. Stratta^56,57, N. A. Strauss⁷⁸, S. Strigin⁴⁸, R. Sturani¹²⁰, A. L. Stuver⁶, T. Z. Summerscales¹²⁸, L. Sun⁸⁴, P. J. Sutton⁹², B. L. Swinkels³⁴, M. J. Szczepańczyk⁹⁸, M. Tacca³⁰, D. Talukder⁵⁸, D. B. Tanner⁵, M. Tápai⁹⁷, S. P. Tarabrin⁸, A. Taracchini²⁹, R. Taylor¹, T. Theeg⁸, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam¹, E. G. Thomas⁴⁴, M. Thomas⁶, P. Thomas³⁷, K. A. Thorne⁶, K. S. Thorne⁷⁶, E. Thrane¹¹³, S. Tiwari¹², V. Tiwari⁹², K. V. Tokmakov¹⁰⁶, C. Tomlinson⁸⁶, M. Tonelli^18,19, C. V. Torres^85,‡, C. I. Torrie¹, D. Töyrä⁴⁴, F. Travasso^32,33, G. Traylor⁶, D. Trifirò²¹, M. C. Tringali^90,91, L. Trozzo^129,19, M. Tse¹⁰, M. Turconi⁵², D. Tuyenbayev⁸⁵, D. Ugolini¹³⁰, C. S. Unnikrishnan¹⁰⁰, A. L. Urban¹⁶, S. A. Usman³⁵, H. Vahlbruch¹⁷, G. Vajente¹, G. Valdes⁸⁵, N. van Bakel⁹, M. van Beuzekom⁹, J. F. J. van den Brand^61,9, C. Van Den Broeck⁹, D. C. Vander-Hyde^35,22, L. van der Schaaf⁹, M. V. van der Sluys⁵¹, J. V. van Heijningen⁹, A. Vañó-Viñuales⁹², A. A. van Veggel³⁶, M. Vardaro^41,42, S. Vass¹, M. Vasúth³⁸, R. Vaulin¹⁰, A. Vecchio⁴⁴, G. Vedovato⁴², J. Veitch⁴⁴, P. J. Veitch¹⁰⁴, K. Venkateswara¹³¹, D. Verkindt⁷, F. Vetrano^56,57, A. Viceré^56,57, S. Vinciguerra⁴⁴, D. J. Vine⁴⁹, J.-Y. Vinet⁵², S. Vitale¹⁰, T. Vo³⁵, H. Vocca^32,33, C. Vorvick³⁷, D. Voss⁵, W. D. Vousden⁴⁴, S. P. Vyatchanin⁴⁸, A. R. Wade²⁰, L. E. Wade¹³², M. Wade¹³², M. Walker², L. Wallace¹, S. Walsh^16,8,29, G. Wang¹², H. Wang⁴⁴, M. Wang⁴⁴, X. Wang⁷⁰, Y. Wang⁵⁰, R. L. Ward²⁰, J. Warner³⁷, M. Was⁷, B. Weaver³⁷, L.-W. Wei⁵², M. Weinert⁸, A. J. Weinstein¹, R. Weiss¹⁰, T. Welborn⁶, L. Wen⁵⁰, P. Weßels⁸, T. Westphal⁸, K. Wette⁸, J. T. Whelan^102,8, D. J. White⁸⁶, B. F. Whiting⁵, R. D. Williams¹, A. R. Williamson⁹², J. L. Willis¹³³, B. Willke^17,8, M. H. Wimmer^8,17, W. Winkler⁸, C. C. Wipf¹, H. Wittel^8,17, G. Woan³⁶, J. Worden³⁷, J. L. Wright³⁶, G. Wu⁶, J. Yablon⁸², W. Yam¹⁰, H. Yamamoto¹, C. C. Yancey⁶², M. J. Yap²⁰, H. Yu¹⁰, M. Yvert⁷, A. Zadrożny¹¹¹, L. Zangrando⁴², M. Zanolin⁹⁸, J.-P. Zendri⁴², M. Zevin⁸², F. Zhang¹⁰, L. Zhang¹, M. Zhang¹¹⁹, Y. Zhang¹⁰², C. Zhao⁵⁰, M. Zhou⁸², Z. Zhou⁸², X. J. Zhu⁵⁰, M. E. Zucker^1,10, S. E. Zuraw¹⁰³, and J. Zweizig¹ (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)

M. Boyle¹³⁴, B. Brügmann¹³⁵, M. Campanelli¹⁰², M. Clark⁶³, D. Hamberger⁷⁶, L. E. Kidder¹³⁴, M. Kinsey⁶³, P. Laguna⁶³, S. Ossokine²⁹, M. A. Scheel⁷⁶, B. Szilagyi^76,136, S. Teukolsky¹³⁴, and Y. Zlochower¹⁰²

¹LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
²Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
³Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
⁴INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
⁵University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
⁶LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
⁷Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
⁸Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
⁹Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
¹⁰LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
¹¹Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
¹²INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
¹³INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
¹⁴Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
¹⁵International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560012, India
¹⁶University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
¹⁷Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
¹⁸Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
¹⁹INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
²⁰Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
²¹The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
²²California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
²³LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
²⁴Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
²⁵Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
²⁶University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
²⁷Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
²⁸INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
²⁹Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
³⁰APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
³¹Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
³²Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
³³INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
³⁴European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
³⁵Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
³⁶SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
³⁷LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
³⁸Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
³⁹Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
⁴⁰Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
⁴¹Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
⁴²INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
⁴³CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
⁴⁴University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
⁴⁵Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
⁴⁶INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
⁴⁷RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
⁴⁸Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
⁴⁹SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
⁵⁰University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
⁵¹Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
⁵²Artemis, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, Nice cedex 4, France
⁵³MTA Eötvös University, “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest 1117, Hungary
⁵⁴Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
⁵⁵Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
⁵⁶Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
⁵⁷INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
⁵⁸University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
⁵⁹Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
⁶⁰Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
⁶¹VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
⁶²University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
⁶³Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
⁶⁴Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5306, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁶⁵Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
⁶⁶Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3—IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
⁶⁷Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
⁶⁸NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
⁶⁹Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
⁷⁰Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
⁷¹Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
⁷²The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
⁷³National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
⁷⁴Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
⁷⁵University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
⁷⁶Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁷⁷Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
⁷⁸Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
⁷⁹Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, I-00185 Roma, Italy
⁸⁰University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium
⁸¹Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
⁸²Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
⁸³University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis 55455, USA
⁸⁴The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
⁸⁵The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
⁸⁶The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
⁸⁷University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
⁸⁸West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
⁸⁹Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
⁹⁰Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
⁹¹INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
⁹²Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
⁹³National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
⁹⁴School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
⁹⁵Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Gujarat 382424, India
⁹⁶Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
⁹⁷University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
⁹⁸Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
⁹⁹University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
¹⁰⁰Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
¹⁰¹American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
¹⁰²Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
¹⁰³University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
¹⁰⁴University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
¹⁰⁵University of Białystok, 15-424 Biał ystok, Poland
¹⁰⁶SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
¹⁰⁷IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India
¹⁰⁸Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
¹⁰⁹Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
¹¹⁰Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
¹¹¹NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
¹¹²IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland
¹¹³Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
¹¹⁴Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
¹¹⁵University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
¹¹⁶ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
¹¹⁷Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
¹¹⁸Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
¹¹⁹College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
¹²⁰Instituto de Física Teórica, University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, São Paulo, São Paulo 01140-070, Brazil
¹²¹University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
¹²²IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
¹²³Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
¹²⁴Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, Washington 99362 USA
¹²⁵National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
¹²⁶Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
¹²⁷Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
¹²⁸Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, USA
¹²⁹Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
¹³⁰Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
¹³¹University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
¹³²Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
¹³³Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
¹³⁴Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
¹³⁵Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
¹³⁶Caltech JPL, Pasadena, California 91109, USA

^*Full author list given at the end of the article.
^†Deceased, May 2015.
^‡Deceased, March 2015.

PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 241102 – Published 14 June, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241102

Abstract

On September 14, 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detected a gravitational-wave transient (GW150914); we characterize the properties of the source and its parameters. The data around the time of the event were analyzed coherently across the LIGO network using a suite of accurate waveform models that describe gravitational waves from a compact binary system in general relativity. GW150914 was produced by a nearly equal mass binary black hole of masses $3 6_{- 4}^{+ 5} M_{⊙}$ and $2 9_{- 4}^{+ 4} M_{⊙}$ ; for each parameter we report the median value and the range of the 90% credible interval. The dimensionless spin magnitude of the more massive black hole is bound to be $< 0.7$ (at 90% probability). The luminosity distance to the source is $41 0_{- 180}^{+ 160} Mpc$ , corresponding to a redshift $0.0 9_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.03}$ assuming standard cosmology. The source location is constrained to an annulus section of $610 \deg^{2}$ , primarily in the southern hemisphere. The binary merges into a black hole of mass $6 2_{- 4}^{+ 4} M_{⊙}$ and spin $0.6 7_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.05}$ . This black hole is significantly more massive than any other inferred from electromagnetic observations in the stellar-mass regime.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 241102– Published 14 June, 2016

Vol. 116, Iss. 24 — 17 June 2016

Received 18 February 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.241102

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