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Theory of Quantum Comb Enhanced Interferometry

Haowei Shi1,* and Quntao Zhuang1,2,†

  • *Contact author: haow.shi@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: qzhuang@usc.edu
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 243602 – Published 16 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5qrd-28df

Abstract

Optical frequency combs, named for their comblike peaks in the spectrum, are essential for various sensing applications. As the technology develops, its performance has reached the standard quantum limit dictated by the quantum fluctuations of coherent light field. Quantum combs, with their quantum fluctuation engineered via squeezing and entanglement, are the necessary ingredient for overcoming such limits. We develop the theory for designing and analyzing quantum combs, focusing on dual-comb interferometric measurement. Our analyses cover both squeezed and entangled quantum combs with division receivers and heterodyne receivers, leading to four protocols with quantum advantages scalable with squeezing/entanglement strength. In the spectroscopy of a single absorption line, the division receiver with the squeezed comb suffers from entanglement-mismatching-induced amplified noise, while the other three protocols demonstrate a surprising robustness to loss at a few comb lines. Such a unique loss-robustness of a scalable quantum advantage has not been found in any traditional quantum sensing protocols.

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 243602– Published 16 June, 2026
  • Received 22 August 2025
  • Accepted 18 May 2026
Article part of CHORUS
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