• Accepted Paper

Wake interference of tandem slender bodies at low angles of attack

Jiaxing Lu, Guihui Ma, Xiongliang Yao, Longquan Sun, and Cong Wang

Phys. Rev. Fluids - Accepted 26 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/47sz-bzwb

Abstract

The flow over a slender body at low angles of attack generates concentrated vortical structures in the wake, which inevitably interfere with the hydrodynamics of a trailing body. This work elucidates the evolution of vortices shed from the leading body moving at low angles of attack (< 6.3°) and their influence on the trailing body through numerical and experimental approaches. Periodically shed vortex rings merge into vortex tubes, forming ladder-shaped packets of hairpin vortices, with the vortex tubes and vortex rings serving as the legs and head, respectively. These interconnected hairpin vortices undergo a topological disintegration process, characterized by the migration of the interconnections between adjacent hairpin vortices along the vortex legs towards the head. The wake vortices interfere with the nearby but non-immersed trailing body by reducing the pressure asymmetry between its windward and leeward sides, rather than by locally lowering the surface pressure on the side adjacent to the vortices. The dependence of the interference on two nondimensional parameters representing the temporal vortex intensity and the launch spacing is quantitatively clarified. Finally, a theoretical model is developed to predict the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the two bodies, including the cross force, axial force, and additional contributions induced by body acceleration and by the shed vortices, with the axial distributions of these forces also characterized.

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