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Extreme vertical drafts as drivers of Lagrangian dispersion in stably stratified turbulent flows

Christian Reartes and Pablo D. Mininni

Raffaele Marino

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 11, 014501 – Published 5 January, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vg9c-vmby

Abstract

The dispersion of Lagrangian particle pairs is a fundamental process in turbulence, with implications for mixing, transport, and the statistical properties of particles in geophysical and environmental flows. While classical theories describe pair dispersion through scaling laws related to energy cascades, extreme events in turbulent flows can significantly alter these dynamics. This is especially important in stratified flows, where intermittency manifests itself also as strong updrafts and downdrafts. In this study, we investigate the influence of extreme events on the relative dispersion of particle pairs in stably stratified turbulence. Using numerical simulations we analyze the statistical properties of pair separation across different regimes, and quantify deviations from classical Richardson scaling. Our results highlight the role of extreme drafts in accelerating dispersion. These findings have important implications for turbulent mixing in natural systems, including atmospheric and oceanic flows, as well as applications in cloud microphysics and pollutant transport.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 11, 014501– Published 5 January, 2026
  • Received 24 September 2025
  • Accepted 1 December 2025
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