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Sound waves, diffusive transport, and wall slip in nanoconfined compressible fluids

Hannes Holey1,2,*, Peter Gumbsch1,3, and Lars Pastewka2,4,†

  • 1Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 2Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
  • 3Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Wöhlerstraße 11, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
  • 4Cluster of Excellence livMatS, Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany

  • *hannes.holey@kit.edu
  • †lars.pastewka@imtek.uni-freiburg.de
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 9, 014203 – Published 29 January, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.014203

Abstract

Although continuum theories have been proven quite robust to describe confined fluid flow at molecular length scales, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal mechanistic insights into the interfacial dissipation processes. Most MD simulations of confined fluids have used setups in which the lateral box size is not much larger than the gap height, thus breaking thin-film assumptions usually employed in continuum simulations. Here we explicitly probe the long-wavelength hydrodynamic correlations in confined simple fluids with MD and compare to gap-averaged continuum theories as typically applied in, e.g., lubrication. Relaxation times obtained from equilibrium fluctuations interpolate between the theoretical limits from bulk hydrodynamics and continuum formulations with increasing wavelength. We show how to exploit this characteristic transition to measure viscosity and slip length in confined systems simultaneously from equilibrium MD simulations. Moreover, the gap-averaged theory describes a geometry-induced dispersion relation that leads to overdamped sound relaxation at large wavelengths, which is confirmed by our MD simulations. Our results add to the understanding of transport processes under strong confinement and might be of technological relevance for the design of nanofluidic devices.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 9, 014203– Published 29 January, 2024
  • Received 20 July 2023
  • Accepted 13 November 2023
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