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Analysis of dynamic stall development on a cross-flow turbine blade

Mukul Dave* and Jennifer A. Franck†

  • Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA

  • *mhdave@wisc.edu
  • †jafranck@wisc.edu
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 074702 – Published 10 July, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.074702

Abstract

This research computationally investigates the complex dynamic stall phenomena of a cross-flow turbine blade utilizing modal analysis to identify pertinent events within the cycle. The blade rotation perpendicular to the freestream generates a curved relative flow, a nonsinusoidal variation of relative flow speed and angle of attack, and the necessity of traveling through its own wake. These complexities have challenged traditional predictors of dynamic stall such as pitch rate, pitching moment, or relative angle of attack. To investigate these phenomena, aerodynamic loads and flow fields on the blade from large-eddy simulations are examined across two tip speed ratios. Proper orthogonal decomposition of the velocity fields is employed to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the dominant flow features. The modes' time development coefficients reveal a stronger representation of the flow at the higher rotation rate, capturing the trend of relative flow velocity magnitude and lift generation on the blade, along with critical events such as vortex formation and detachment. Additionally, mean power generation is enhanced by 40% by applying a nonconstant rotation rate (intracycle control or angular velocity control). The flow fields, supported by corresponding changes in the modal analysis, demonstrate that a delayed stall behavior is responsible for the additional power extraction. Finally, flow curvature, history effects, and induced flow are identified as significant factors that modify the dynamic stall onset and resulting force and moment curves as compared to nonrotating pitching or plunging foils.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 074702– Published 10 July, 2023
  • Received 18 January 2023
  • Accepted 13 June 2023
Article part of CHORUS
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