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Investigation of regimes and associated flow structures during impingement of a liquid drop on a liquid pool

Manas Ranjan Behera1, Anvith Rao1, Anirvan Dasgupta2, and Sudipto Chakraborty1,*

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
  • 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India

  • *Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed: sc@che.iitkgp.ernet.in
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 014002 – Published 31 January, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.014002

Abstract

This work describes a numerical investigation of the impact dynamics and outcomes accompanying the impingement of a liquid drop on a liquid pool. A regime map of these outcomes as a function of the governing dimensionless factors is presented. We find that these outcomes are controlled by inertia, surface tension, and viscous forces. Hence, the phenomena are investigated over a wide range of Weber number (0≤We≤350) and Ohnesorge number (0.002≤Oh≤0.020). Based on the morphologies, these outcomes are distinguished by two regimes, namely coalescence and splashing, which can be further divided into three subregimes, namely partial coalescence, complete coalescence, and regular bubble entrapment. We quantify the phase boundaries between them and illustrate them in We-Oh phase diagrams. Our comprehensive study further reveals that eight salient flow structures are confined in these regions, including four previously reported flow structures: primary ring, secondary ring, jet, blob, and a combination of them. The characteristics of these flow structures along with their genesis are thoroughly examined. The thresholds of these flow structures are also quantified using nondimensional parameters. Subsequently, they are organized in an orderly manner in the phase diagram. This work thus delineates different regimes, subregimes, and their associated flow structures during the impact of a liquid drop on a liquid pool, and it constructs phase boundaries between them.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 014002– Published 31 January, 2023
  • Received 6 October 2021
  • Accepted 4 January 2023
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